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Nano Research 2023, 16(5): 7682-7695 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5472-x
Research Article | Issue | Published: 26 March 2023

UV light driven high-performance room temperature surface acoustic wave NH3 gas sensor using sulfur-doped g-C3N4 quantum dots

Show Author's Information Kedhareswara Sairam Pasupuleti1,  Sourabh S. Chougule2,  Devthade Vidyasagar3,  Na-hyun Bak1,  Namgee Jung2,  Young-Heon Kim4,  Jong-Hee Lee5,  Song-Gang Kim6,  Moon-Deock Kim1,7( )
Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Department of Digital Agricultural Promotion, Agricultural Cooperative University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10292, Republic of Korea
Department of Smart Information Technology, Joonbu University, 305 Donghen-ro, Goyang, Kyunggi-do 10279, Republic of Korea
Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Keywords:
quantum dots, sulfur doping, electroacoustic effect, two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (2D g-C3N4), surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor, NH3 gas
Topics:
Chemical sensors Organic semiconductor materialsSemiconductor dopingSemiconductor quantum dots
Cite this article:
Pasupuleti KS, Chougule SS, Vidyasagar D, et al. UV light driven high-performance room temperature surface acoustic wave NH3 gas sensor using sulfur-doped g-C3N4 quantum dots. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 7682-7695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5472-x
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Nanomaterials integrated surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensing technology has emerged as a promising candidate for real-time toxic gas sensing applications for environmental and human health safety. However, the development of novel chemical interface based on two-dimensional (2D) sensing materials for SAW sensors for the rapid and sensitive detection of NH3 gas at room temperature (RT) still remains challenging. Herein, we report a highly selective RT NH3 gas sensor based on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (S@g-C3N4 QD) coated langasite (LGS) SAW sensor with enhanced sensitivity and recovery rate under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Fascinatingly, the sensitivity of the S@g-C3N4 QD/LGS SAW sensor to NH3 (500 ppb) at RT is dramatically enhanced by ~ 4.5-fold with a low detection limit (~ 85 ppb), high selectivity, excellent reproducibility, and fast response/recovery time (70 s/79 s) under UV activation (365 nm) as compared to dark condition. Additionally, the proposed sensor exhibited augmented NH3 detection capability across the broad range of relative humidity (20%–80%). Such remarkable gas sensing performances of the as-prepared sensor to NH3 are attributed to the high surface area, enhanced functional groups, sulfur defects, UV photogenerated charge carriers, and facile charge transfer in the S@g-C3N4 QD sensing layer, which further helps to improve the gas molecules adsorption that causes the increase in conductivity, resulting in larger frequency responses. The gas sensing mechanism of S@g-C3N4 QD/LGS SAW sensor is ascribed to the enhanced electroacoustic effect, which is supported by the correlation of resistive type and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation studies. We envisage that the present work paves a promising strategy to develop the next generation 2D g-C3N4 based high responsive RT SAW gas sensors.


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Abstract
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Outline
Electronic supplementary material
About this article

UV light driven high-performance room temperature surface acoustic wave NH3 gas sensor using sulfur-doped g-C3N4 quantum dots

Show Author's information Kedhareswara Sairam Pasupuleti1, Sourabh S. Chougule2, Devthade Vidyasagar3, Na-hyun Bak1, Namgee Jung2, Young-Heon Kim4, Jong-Hee Lee5, Song-Gang Kim6, Moon-Deock Kim1,7( )
Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Department of Digital Agricultural Promotion, Agricultural Cooperative University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10292, Republic of Korea
Department of Smart Information Technology, Joonbu University, 305 Donghen-ro, Goyang, Kyunggi-do 10279, Republic of Korea
Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Nanomaterials integrated surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensing technology has emerged as a promising candidate for real-time toxic gas sensing applications for environmental and human health safety. However, the development of novel chemical interface based on two-dimensional (2D) sensing materials for SAW sensors for the rapid and sensitive detection of NH3 gas at room temperature (RT) still remains challenging. Herein, we report a highly selective RT NH3 gas sensor based on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (S@g-C3N4 QD) coated langasite (LGS) SAW sensor with enhanced sensitivity and recovery rate under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Fascinatingly, the sensitivity of the S@g-C3N4 QD/LGS SAW sensor to NH3 (500 ppb) at RT is dramatically enhanced by ~ 4.5-fold with a low detection limit (~ 85 ppb), high selectivity, excellent reproducibility, and fast response/recovery time (70 s/79 s) under UV activation (365 nm) as compared to dark condition. Additionally, the proposed sensor exhibited augmented NH3 detection capability across the broad range of relative humidity (20%–80%). Such remarkable gas sensing performances of the as-prepared sensor to NH3 are attributed to the high surface area, enhanced functional groups, sulfur defects, UV photogenerated charge carriers, and facile charge transfer in the S@g-C3N4 QD sensing layer, which further helps to improve the gas molecules adsorption that causes the increase in conductivity, resulting in larger frequency responses. The gas sensing mechanism of S@g-C3N4 QD/LGS SAW sensor is ascribed to the enhanced electroacoustic effect, which is supported by the correlation of resistive type and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation studies. We envisage that the present work paves a promising strategy to develop the next generation 2D g-C3N4 based high responsive RT SAW gas sensors.

Keywords: quantum dots, sulfur doping, electroacoustic effect, two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (2D g-C3N4), surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor, NH3 gas

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 15 November 2022
Revised: 20 December 2022
Accepted: 03 January 2023
Published: 26 March 2023
Issue date: May 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This research work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020R1A2C2013385), Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. NRF- 2020R1A6A1A03047771), Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET), Korea Smart Farm Research and Development Foundation (KosFarm) through Smart Farm Innovation Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) and Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Rural Development Administration (RDA) (No. 421029-4).

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