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Nano Research 2023, 16(5): 7496-7510 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5465-9
Review Article | Issue | Published: 21 January 2023

Moisture electricity generation: Mechanisms, structures, and applications

Show Author's Information Quanmao Wei1,  Wenna Ge1,  Zichao Yuan1,  Shixu Wang1,  Chenguang Lu1,  Shile Feng1,  Lei Zhao1( ),  Yahua Liu1,2( )
Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
Keywords:
moisture, structures, nanogenerators, hygroelectricity, hygroscopic film
Topics:
Nanogenerators
Cite this article:
Wei Q, Ge W, Yuan Z, et al. Moisture electricity generation: Mechanisms, structures, and applications. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 7496-7510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5465-9
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

With the increasing concern of energy crisis and global warming, the whole globe is in an urgent need to develop clean energy that comes from renewable sources and does not harm the environment to fulfill the carbon neutralization and green earth commitments. Water is the most abundant substance on earth and has been historically used as the major energy carriers in watermill, water wheel, and hydroelectricity. Moisture electricity generation is another emerging technology that can convert low-grade energy in the widely-accessible moisture to electricity simply by the integration of moisture, electrodes, and deliberately-designed hygroscopic films. Recent research on moisture electricity generators (MEGs) led to the creation of a series of self-powered sensors and in some occasions they have replaced conventional batteries to power miniaturized devices. In this review, the basic mechanisms of MEGs are firstly clarified, and three categories of them, i.e., gradient structure, homogeneous structure, and heterogeneous structure depending on the structure of hygroscopic films, are then introduced. Furthermore, recent advances in the fabrication, characteristics, and performance of MEGs are summarized, and MEGs with continuous or transient output that could be applied in self-powered sensors and power sources are discussed. Finally, some remaining challenges and our perspectives on MEGs are highlighted.


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Abstract
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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Moisture electricity generation: Mechanisms, structures, and applications

Show Author's information Quanmao Wei1, Wenna Ge1, Zichao Yuan1, Shixu Wang1, Chenguang Lu1, Shile Feng1, Lei Zhao1( ), Yahua Liu1,2( )
Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China

Abstract

With the increasing concern of energy crisis and global warming, the whole globe is in an urgent need to develop clean energy that comes from renewable sources and does not harm the environment to fulfill the carbon neutralization and green earth commitments. Water is the most abundant substance on earth and has been historically used as the major energy carriers in watermill, water wheel, and hydroelectricity. Moisture electricity generation is another emerging technology that can convert low-grade energy in the widely-accessible moisture to electricity simply by the integration of moisture, electrodes, and deliberately-designed hygroscopic films. Recent research on moisture electricity generators (MEGs) led to the creation of a series of self-powered sensors and in some occasions they have replaced conventional batteries to power miniaturized devices. In this review, the basic mechanisms of MEGs are firstly clarified, and three categories of them, i.e., gradient structure, homogeneous structure, and heterogeneous structure depending on the structure of hygroscopic films, are then introduced. Furthermore, recent advances in the fabrication, characteristics, and performance of MEGs are summarized, and MEGs with continuous or transient output that could be applied in self-powered sensors and power sources are discussed. Finally, some remaining challenges and our perspectives on MEGs are highlighted.

Keywords: moisture, structures, nanogenerators, hygroelectricity, hygroscopic film

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 27 October 2022
Revised: 09 December 2022
Accepted: 03 January 2023
Published: 21 January 2023
Issue date: May 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB4602401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52075071 and 52105174), Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University (No. KF20200002), and Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing of CARDC (No. IADL 20210405).

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