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Nano Research 2023, 16(5): 6974-6990 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5267-5
Review Article | Issue | Published: 14 January 2023

Use of stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery

Show Author's Information Krystal A Hughes1,  Bishal Misra1,  Maryam Maghareh2,  Sharan Bobbala1( )
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
Keywords:
nanoparticles, biomaterials, stimuli-responsive, targeted delivery, intracellular drug delivery
Topics:
Nano biology
Cite this article:
Hughes KA, Misra B, Maghareh M, et al. Use of stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 6974-6990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5267-5
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Abstract Full text About this article

Drug delivery has made tremendous advances in the last decade. Targeted therapies are increasingly common, with intracellular delivery highly impactful and sought after. Intracellular drug delivery systems have limitations due to imprecise and non-targeted release profiles. One way this can be addressed is through using stimuli-responsive soft nanoparticles, which contain materials with an organic backbone such as lipids and polymers. The choice of biomaterial is essential for soft nanoparticles to be responsive to internal or external stimuli. The nanoparticle must retain its integrity and payload in non-targeted physiological conditions while responding to particular intracellular environments where payload release is desired. Multiple internal and external factors could stimulate the intracellular release of drugs from nanoparticles. Internal stimuli include pH, oxidation, and enzymes, while external stimuli include ultrasound, light, electricity, and magnetic fields. Stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticulate systems specifically utilized to modulate intracellular delivery of drugs are explored in this review.


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About this article

Use of stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery

Show Author's information Krystal A Hughes1, Bishal Misra1, Maryam Maghareh2, Sharan Bobbala1( )
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA

Abstract

Drug delivery has made tremendous advances in the last decade. Targeted therapies are increasingly common, with intracellular delivery highly impactful and sought after. Intracellular drug delivery systems have limitations due to imprecise and non-targeted release profiles. One way this can be addressed is through using stimuli-responsive soft nanoparticles, which contain materials with an organic backbone such as lipids and polymers. The choice of biomaterial is essential for soft nanoparticles to be responsive to internal or external stimuli. The nanoparticle must retain its integrity and payload in non-targeted physiological conditions while responding to particular intracellular environments where payload release is desired. Multiple internal and external factors could stimulate the intracellular release of drugs from nanoparticles. Internal stimuli include pH, oxidation, and enzymes, while external stimuli include ultrasound, light, electricity, and magnetic fields. Stimulatory responsive soft nanoparticulate systems specifically utilized to modulate intracellular delivery of drugs are explored in this review.

Keywords: nanoparticles, biomaterials, stimuli-responsive, targeted delivery, intracellular drug delivery

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 05 August 2022
Revised: 30 October 2022
Accepted: 31 October 2022
Published: 14 January 2023
Issue date: May 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledegments

The authors acknowledge the Cell and Molecular Biology and Biomedical Engineering Training Program (No. 5T32GM133369-02)

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