Journal Home > Volume 16 , Issue 4
Nano Research 2023, 16(4): 5665-5675 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5149-x
Research Article | Issue | Published: 22 November 2022

Flexible, durable, and anti-fouling nanocellulose-based membrane functionalized by block copolymer with ultra-high flux and efficiency for oil-in-water emulsions separation

Show Author's Information Jianfei Wu1,  Yuxuan Su1,  Ziwei Cui1,  Yang Yu1,  Jiafu Qu2,  Jundie Hu2,  Yahui Cai1( ),  Jianzhang Li1( ),  Dan Tian1( ),  Qichun Zhang3
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Keywords:
nanocellulose-based membrane, oil/water emulsions separation, ultra-high flux, good durability, anti-fouling property
Topics:
Films
Cite this article:
Wu J, Su Y, Cui Z, et al. Flexible, durable, and anti-fouling nanocellulose-based membrane functionalized by block copolymer with ultra-high flux and efficiency for oil-in-water emulsions separation. Nano Research, 2023, 16(4): 5665-5675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5149-x
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

802

Views

66

Downloads

Citations

8

Crossref

5

WoS

9

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

The clearwater obtained from stabilized oily wastewater has become a worldwide challenge. Nowdays, the area of oil/water emulsion separation materials have accomplished great progress, but still faces the enormous problems of low flux, poor stability, and pollution resistance. Nanocelluloses (cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)) with the advantages of hydrophilicity, eco-friendliness, and regeneration are ideal materials for the construction of separation membranes. In this paper, a flexible, anti-fouling, and durable nanocellulose-based membrane functionalized by block copolymer (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)) is prepared via chemical modification and self-assembly, showing high separation efficiency (above 99.6%) for stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, excellent anti-fouling and cycling stability, high-temperature resistance, and acid and alkali resistance. More importantly, the composite membrane has ultra-high flux in separating oil-in-water emulsions (29,003 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) and oil/water mixture (51,444 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1), which ensures high separation efficiency. With its durability, easy scale-up, and green regeneration, we envision this biomass-derived membrane will be an alternative to the existing commercial filter membrane in environmental remediation.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Flexible, durable, and anti-fouling nanocellulose-based membrane functionalized by block copolymer with ultra-high flux and efficiency for oil-in-water emulsions separation

Show Author's information Jianfei Wu1, Yuxuan Su1, Ziwei Cui1, Yang Yu1, Jiafu Qu2, Jundie Hu2, Yahui Cai1( ), Jianzhang Li1( ), Dan Tian1( ), Qichun Zhang3
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

Abstract

The clearwater obtained from stabilized oily wastewater has become a worldwide challenge. Nowdays, the area of oil/water emulsion separation materials have accomplished great progress, but still faces the enormous problems of low flux, poor stability, and pollution resistance. Nanocelluloses (cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)) with the advantages of hydrophilicity, eco-friendliness, and regeneration are ideal materials for the construction of separation membranes. In this paper, a flexible, anti-fouling, and durable nanocellulose-based membrane functionalized by block copolymer (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)) is prepared via chemical modification and self-assembly, showing high separation efficiency (above 99.6%) for stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, excellent anti-fouling and cycling stability, high-temperature resistance, and acid and alkali resistance. More importantly, the composite membrane has ultra-high flux in separating oil-in-water emulsions (29,003 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) and oil/water mixture (51,444 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1), which ensures high separation efficiency. With its durability, easy scale-up, and green regeneration, we envision this biomass-derived membrane will be an alternative to the existing commercial filter membrane in environmental remediation.

Keywords: nanocellulose-based membrane, oil/water emulsions separation, ultra-high flux, good durability, anti-fouling property

References(67)

[1]

Khalilifard, M.; Javadian, S. Magnetic superhydrophobic polyurethane sponge loaded with Fe3O4@oleic acid@graphene oxide as high performance adsorbent oil from water. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 408, 127369.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]

Love, C. R.; Arrington, E. C.; Gosselin, K. M.; Reddy, C. M.; Van Mooy, B. A. S.; Nelson, R. K.; Valentine, D. L. Microbial production and consumption of hydrocarbons in the global ocean. Nat. Microbiol. 2021, 6, 489–498.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

Feoktistov, D. V.; Glushkov, D. O.; Kuznetsov, G. V.; Orlova, E. G. Gel fuels based on oil-filled cryogels: Corrosion of tank material and spontaneous ignition. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 421, 127765.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

Lu, H.; Pan, Z. C.; Wang, H. L.; Liu, Y. Q.; Dai, P. Y.; Yang, Q. Fiber coalescence treatment of oily wastewater: A new theory and application. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 412, 125188.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

Huynh, B. Q.; Kwong, L. H.; Kiang, M. V.; Chin, E. T.; Mohareb, A. M.; Jumaan, A. O.; Basu, S.; Geldsetzer, P.; Karaki, F. M.; Rehkopf, D. H. Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill. Nat. Sustain. 2021, 4, 1084–1091.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

Somee, M. R.; Dastgheib, S. M. M.; Shavandi, M.; Maman, L. G.; Kavousi, K.; Ali Amoozegar M.; Mehrshad, M. Distinct microbial community along the chronic oil pollution continuum of the Persian Gulf converge with oil spill accidents. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 11316.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]

Gong, H. F.; Li, W. L.; Zhang, X. M.; Peng, Y.; Yu, B.; Mou, Y. Effects of droplet dynamic characteristics on the separation performance of a demulsification and dewatering device coupling electric and centrifugal fields. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2021, 257, 117905.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]

Jahromi, A. F.; Elektorowicz, M. Electrokinetically assisted oil-water phase separation in oily sludge with implementing novel controller system. J. Hazard. Mater. 2018, 358, 434–440.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]

Cai, Y. H.; Shi, S. Q.; Fang, Z.; Li, J. Z. Design, development, and outlook of superwettability membranes in oil/water emulsions separation. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 8, 2100799.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

Chowdhury, M. R.; Steffes, J.; Huey, B. D.; McCutcheon, J. R. 3D printed polyamide membranes for desalination. Science 2018, 361, 682–686.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]

Ikigaki, K.; Okada, K.; Tokudome, Y.; Toyao, T.; Falcaro, P.; Doonan, C. J.; Takahashi, M. MOF-on-MOF: Oriented growth of multiple layered thin films of metal-organic frameworks. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6886–6890.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]

Hu, Q.; Xu, L. C., Fu, K. X.; Zhu, F. C.; Yang, T. Y.; Yang, T.; Luo, J. M.; Wu, H. M.; Yu, D. Y. Ultrastable MOF-based foams for versatile applications. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 2961–2970.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

Yang, Q.; Su, Y.; Chi, C.; Cherian, C. T.; Huang, K.; Kravets, V. G.; Wang, F. C.; Zhang, J. C.; Pratt, A.; Grigorenko, A. N. et al. Ultrathin graphene-based membrane with precise molecular sieving and ultrafast solvent permeation. Nat. Mater. 2017, 16, 1198–1202.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]

Liu, G. P.; Jin, W. Q.; Xu, N. P. Graphene-based membranes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 5016–5030.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]

Fan, C. Y.; Wu, H.; Guan, J. Y.; You, X. D.; Yang, C.; Wang, X. Y.; Cao, L.; Shi, B. B.; Peng, Q.; Kong, Y. et al. Scalable fabrication of crystalline COF membranes from amorphous polymeric membranes. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 18051–18058.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]

Cao, L.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y.; Fan, C. Y.; Zhao, R.; He, X. Y.; Yang, P. F.; Shi, B. B.; You, X. D.; Jiang, Z. Y. Weakly humidity-dependent proton-conducting COF membranes. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2005565.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]
Cai, Y. H.; Yu, Y.; Wu, J. F.; Wang, K. L.; Dong, Y. M.; Qu, J. F.; Hu, J. D.; Zhang, L. W.; Fu, Q. L.; Li, J. et al. Durable, flexible, and super-hydrophobic wood membrane with nanopore by molecular cross-linking for efficient separation of stabilized water/oil emulsions. EcoMat, in press, https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.12255.
[18]
Cai, Y. H.; Wu, J. F.; Wang, K. L.; Dong, Y. M.; Hu, J. D.; Qu, J. F.; Tian, D.; Li, J. Z.; Fu, Q. L. Thermo-controlled, self-released smart wood tailored by nanotechnology for fast clean-up of highly viscous liquids. SmartMat, in press, https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1133.
[19]

Kumar, M.; Wightman, R.; Atanassov, I.; Gupta, A.; Hurst, C. H.; Hemsley, P. A.; Turner, S. S-acylation of the cellulose synthase complex is essential for its plasma membrane localization. Science 2016, 353, 166–169.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]

Zhang, W. X.; Ding, L. H.; Luo, J. Q.; Jaffrin, M. Y.; Tang, B. Membrane fouling in photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) for water and wastewater treatment: A critical review. Chem. Eng. J. 2016, 302, 446–458.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]

Cai, Y. H.; Chen, D. Y.; Li, N. J.; Xu, Q. F.; Li, H.; He, J. H.; Lu, J. M. A self-cleaning heterostructured membrane for efficient oil-in-water emulsion separation with stable flux. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2001265.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]

Mähringer, A.; Hennemann, M.; Clark, T.; Bein, T.; Medina, D. D. Energy efficient ultrahigh flux separation of oily pollutants from water with superhydrophilic Nanoscale metal-organic framework architectures. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 5519–5526.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]

Ye, C. N.; Voet, V. S. D.; Folkersma, R.; Loos, K. Robust superamphiphilic membrane with a closed-loop life cycle. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008460.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]

Li, J.; Li, H. Y., Xu, L. W.; Wang, L. J.; Hu, Z.; Liu, L.; Huang, Y. D.; Kotov, N. A. Biomimetic nanoporous aerogels from branched aramid nanofibers combining high heat insulation and compressive strength. SmartMat 2021, 2, 76–87.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]

Wang, X. Z.; Xia, Q. Q.; Jing, S. S.; Li, C.; Chen, Q. Y.; Chen, B.; Pang, Z. Q.; Jiang, B.; Gan, W. T.; Chen, G. et al. Strong, hydrostable, and degradable straws based on cellulose-lignin reinforced composites. Small 2021, 17, 2008011.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]

Wang, X. Z.; Pang, Z. Q.; Chen, C. J.; Xia, Q. Q.; Zhou, Y. B.; Jing, S. S.; Wang, R. L.; Ray, U.; Gan, W. T.; Li, C. et al. All-natural, degradable, rolled-up straws based on cellulose micro- and Nano-hybrid fibers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1910417.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]

Ferreira, E. S.; Rezende, C. A.; Cranston, E. D. Fundamentals of cellulose lightweight materials: Bio-based assemblies with tailored properties. Green Chem. 2021, 23, 3542–3568.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]

Hou, Y.; Duan, C. T.; Zhu, G. D.; Luo, H.; Liang, S. M.; Jin, Y.; Zhao, N.; Xu, J. Functional bacterial cellulose membranes with 3D porous architectures: Conventional drying, tunable wettability and water/oil separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2019, 591, 117312.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]

Polko, J. K.; Kieber, J. J. The regulation of cellulose biosynthesis in plants. Plant Cell 2019, 31, 282–296.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]

Qin, H. F.; Zhang, Y. F.; Jiang, J. G.; Wang, L. L.; Song, M. Y.; Bi, R.; Zhu, P. H.; Jiang, F. Multifunctional superelastic cellulose nanofibrils aerogel by dual ice-templating assembly. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2106269.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]

Li, Q. H.; Yuan, Z. H.; Zhang, C.; Hu, S. Q.; Chen, Z. M.; Wu, Y. Z.; Chen, P.; Qi, H. S.; Ye, D. D. Tough, highly oriented, super thermal insulating regenerated all-cellulose sponge-aerogel fibers integrating a graded aligned nanostructure. Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 3516–3524.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]

Forsman, N.; Lohtander, T.; Jordan, J.; Huynh, N.; Seppälä, A.; Laaksonen, P.; Franssila, S.; Österberg, M. Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and kraft lignin stabilized cellulosic wet foams for camouflage. Soft Matter. 2022, 18, 2060–2071.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]

Ma, H. L.; Li, X.; Lou, J.; Gu, Y. J.; Zhang, Y.; Jiang, Y. F.; Cheng, H. L.; Han, W. J. Strong bacterial cellulose-based films with natural laminar alignment for highly sensitive humidity sensors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 3165–3175.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]

Li, Z. D.; Qiu, F. X.; Yue, X. J.; Tian, Q.; Yang, D. Y.; Zhang. T. Eco-friendly self-crosslinking cellulose membrane with high mechanical properties from renewable resources for oil/water emulsion separation. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 105857.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]

Li, Z. D.; Gou, M.; Yue, X. J.; Tian, Q.; Yang, D. Y.; Qiu, F. X.; Zhang. T. Facile fabrication of bifunctional ZIF-L/cellulose composite membrane for efficient removal of tellurium and antibacterial effects. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 416, 125888.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]

Pei, X. P.; Gan, L.; Tong, Z. H.; Gao, H. P.; Meng, S. Y.; Zhang, W. L.; Wang, P. X.; Chen, Y. S. Robust cellulose-based composite adsorption membrane for heavy metal removal. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 406, 124746.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]

Zhang, Z. H.; Chen, Z. Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, Y. J.; Shang, L. R. Cholesteric cellulose liquid crystals with multifunctional structural colors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2107242.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]

Luan, Q.; Zhang, H.; Chen, C. J.; Jiang, F.; Yao, Y. G.; Deng, Q. C.; Zeng, K. Z.; Tang, H.; Huang, F. H. Controlled nutrient delivery through a pH-responsive wood vehicle. ACS Nano 2022, 16, 2198–2208.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]

Liu, X. G.; Wu, M.; Wang, M.; Hu, Q. D.; Liu, J. J.; Duan, Y. K.; Liu, B. Direct synthesis of photosensitizable bacterial cellulose as engineered living material for skin wound repair. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2109010.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]

Ziegler, M.; Schlosser, M.; Abel, P.; Ziegler, B. Antibody response in rats against non-toxic glucose sensor membranes tested in cell culture. Biomaterials 1994, 15, 859–864.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]

Cho, S.; Hanif, Z.; Yun, Y.; Khan, Z. A.; Jang, S.; Ra, Y.; Lin, Z. H.; La, M.; Park, S. J.; Choi, D. Triboelectrification-driven microbial inactivation in a conductive cellulose filter for affordable, portable, and efficient water sterilization. Nano Energy 2021, 88, 106228.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]

Yao, A. R.; Yan, Y. Q.; Tan, L.; Shi, Y. D.; Zhou, M.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, P. X.; Huang, S. J. Improvement of filtration and antifouling performance of cellulose acetate membrane reinforced by dopamine modified cellulose nanocrystals. J. Membr. Sci. 2021, 637, 119621.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]

Zhu, R. F.; Wang, D.; Liu, Y. M.; Liu, M. M.; Fu, S. H. Bifunctional superwetting carbon nanotubes/cellulose composite membrane for solar desalination and oily seawater purification. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 433, 133510.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]

Gan, W. T.; Wang, Y. X.; Xiao, S. L.; Gao, R. N.; Shang, Y.; Xie, Y. J.; Liu, J. Q.; Li, J. Magnetically driven 3D Cellulose film for improved energy efficiency in solar evaporation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 7756–7765.
DOI Google Scholar
[45]

Zhang, Y.; Yin, M. L.; Li, L.; Fan, B. J.; Liu, Y.; Li, R.; Ren, X. H.; Huang, T. S.; Kim, I. S. Construction of aerogels based on nanocrystalline cellulose and chitosan for high efficient oil/water separation and water disinfection. Carbohydr. Polym. 2020, 243, 116461.
DOI Google Scholar
[46]

Farid, T.; Rafiq, M. I.; Ali, A.; Tang, W. H. Transforming wood as next-generation structural and functional materials for a sustainable future. EcoMat. 2022, 4, e12154.
Google Scholar
[47]

Wang, Y. Q.; He, Y.; Li, H. J.; Yu, J.; Zhang, L. Y.; Chen, L.; Bai, Y. Layer-by-layer construction of CS-CNCs multilayer modified mesh with robust anti-crude-oil-fouling performance for efficient oil/water separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2021, 639, 119776.
DOI Google Scholar
[48]

Fan, T.; Qian, Q. H.; Hou, Z. H.; Liu, Y. P.; Lu, M. Preparation of smart and reversible wettability cellulose fabrics for oil/water separation using a facile and economical method. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018, 200, 63–71.
DOI Google Scholar
[49]

Wang, F. P.; Zhao, X. J.; Wahid, F.; Zhao, X. Q.; Qin, X. T.; Bai, H.; Xie, Y. Y.; Zhong, C.; Jia, S. R. Sustainable, superhydrophobic membranes based on bacterial cellulose for gravity-driven oil/water separation. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021, 253, 117220.
DOI Google Scholar
[50]

Wang, Z. J.; Liu, G. J.; Huang S. S. In situ generated Janus fabrics for the rapid and efficient separation of oil from oil-in-water emulsions. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 14610–14613.
DOI Google Scholar
[51]

Chen, L.; Liu, M. J.; Lin, L.; Zhang, T.; Ma, J.; Song, Y. L.; Jiang, L. Thermal-responsive hydrogel surface: Tunable wettability and adhesion to oil at the water/solid interface. Soft Matter. 2010, 6, 2708–2712.
DOI Google Scholar
[52]

Cai, Y. H.; Chen, D. Y.; Li, N. J.; Xu, Q. F.; Li, H.; He, J. H.; Lu, J. M. Nanofibrous metal-organic framework composite membrane for selective efficient oil/water emulsion separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2017, 543, 10–17.
DOI Google Scholar
[53]

Rao, J. P.; Bao, L. X.; Wang, B. W.; Fan, M. Z.; Feo, L. Plasma surface modification and bonding enhancement for bamboo composites. Compos. Part B Eng. 2018, 138, 157–167.
DOI Google Scholar
[54]

Yang, Y. F.; Wang, J.; Zhang, J.; Liu, J. C.; Yang, X. L.; Zhao, H. Y. Exfoliated graphite oxide decorated by PDMAEMA chains and polymer particles. Langmuir 2009, 25, 11808–11814.
DOI Google Scholar
[55]

Zhang, Y. Y.; He, X. W.; Li, W. Y. Study on the room temperature synthesis of highly photoluminescent and temperature-sensitive CDs/PNIPAM hybrid hydrogels and their properties. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 71030–71034.
DOI Google Scholar
[56]

Gu, Y.; Li, H. X.; Liu, L. X.; Li, J. Y.; Zhang, B. W.; Ma, H. J. Constructing CNTs-based composite membranes for oil/water emulsion separation via radiation-induced “grafting to” strategy. Carbon 2021, 178, 678–687.
DOI Google Scholar
[57]

Sun, J. W.; Bi, H. C.; Su, S.; Jia, H. Y.; Xie, X.; Sun, L. T. One-step preparation of GO/SiO2 membrane for highly efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsion. J. Membr. Sci. 2018, 553, 131–138.
DOI Google Scholar
[58]

Liu, Y. N.; Coppens, M. O. Cell membrane-inspired graphene nanomesh membrane for fast separation of oil-in-water emulsions. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2200199.
DOI Google Scholar
[59]

Wang, Y.; Yang, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhu, L. J.; Zeng, Z. X.; Liu, S.; Li, Y. G.; Liang, Z. Y. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with underwater superoleophobicity for highly efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions in resisting fouling. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2022, 285, 120298.
DOI Google Scholar
[60]

Li, R. J.; Li, J. Y.; Rao, L. H.; Lin, H. J.; Shen, L. G.; Xu, Y. C.; Chen, J. R.; Liao, B. Q. Inkjet printing of dopamine followed by UV light irradiation to modify mussel-inspired PVDF membrane for efficient oil-water separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2021, 619, 118790.
DOI Google Scholar
[61]

He, Y.; Xu, K. X.; Feng, X.; Chen, L.; Jiang, Z. Y. A nonionic polymer-brush-grafted PVDF membrane to analyse fouling during the filtration of oil/water emulsions. J. Membr. Sci. 2021, 637, 119644.
DOI Google Scholar
[62]

Yang, H.; Zhu, B. K.; Zhu, L. J.; Zeng, Z. X.; Wang, G.; Xiong, Z. Efficient fenton-like catalysis boosting the antifouling performance of the heterostructured membranes fabricated via vapor-induced phase separation and in situ mineralization. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 43648–43660.
DOI Google Scholar
[63]

Zhang, H. J.; Wang, Z. H.; Shen, Y. Q.; Mu, P.; Wang, Q. T.; Li, J. Ultrathin 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene membrane for effective separation of oil-in-water emulsions in acidic, alkaline, and salty environment. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2020, 561, 861–869.
DOI Google Scholar
[64]

Liu, N.; Zhang, Q. D.; Qu, R. X.; Zhang, W. F.; Li, H. F.; Wei, Y.; Feng, L. Nanocomposite deposited membrane for oil-in-water emulsion separation with in situ removal of anionic dyes and surfactants. Langmuir 2017, 33, 7380–7388.
DOI Google Scholar
[65]

Yang, H. C.; Pi, J. K.; Liao, K. J.; Huang, H.; Wu, Q. Y.; Huang, X. J.; Xu, Z. K. Silica-decorated polypropylene microfiltration membranes with a mussel-inspired intermediate layer for oil-in-water emulsion separation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 12566–12572.
DOI Google Scholar
[66]

Chaudhary, J. P.; Vadodariya, N.; Nataraj, S. K.; Meena, R. Chitosan-based aerogel membrane for robust oil-in-water emulsion separation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 24957–24962.
DOI Google Scholar
[67]

Lin, X.; Chen, Y. L.; Liu, N.; Cao, Y. Z.; Xu, L. X.; Zhang, W. F.; Feng, L. In situ ultrafast separation and purification of oil/water emulsions by superwetting TiO2 nanocluster-based mesh. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 525–8529.
DOI Google Scholar
File
12274_2022_5149_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (1.6 MB)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 22 July 2022
Revised: 07 September 2022
Accepted: 07 October 2022
Published: 22 November 2022
Issue date: April 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22108125, 21971113, and 22175094), Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province (Nos. CX(21)3166, and CX(21)3163), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20210627), Doctor Project of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Jiangsu Province (No. JSSCBS20210549), and Nanjing Science & Technology Innovation Project for Personnel Studying Abroad and Research Start-up Funding of Nanjing Forestry University (No. 163020259). Q. C. Z. appreciates the funding support from City University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong.

Return