Journal Home > Volume 16 , Issue 4
Nano Research 2023, 16(4): 5983-6000 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5125-5
Review Article | Issue | Published: 21 December 2022

Recent development of E-field control of interfacial magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures

Show Author's Information Yuxin Cheng,  Shishun Zhao,  Ziyao Zhou( ),  Ming Liu( )
The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Keywords:
multiferroic, strain, photovoltaic, magnetoelectric coupling, charge
Topics:
Ferromagnetic materials Spintronics
Cite this article:
Cheng Y, Zhao S, Zhou Z, et al. Recent development of E-field control of interfacial magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures. Nano Research, 2023, 16(4): 5983-6000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5125-5
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

2334

Views

102

Downloads

Citations

5

Crossref

7

WoS

5

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

The full E-field control of multiferroic interfacial magnetism is a long-standing challenge for micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and has the potential to transform electronics operation mechanisms. When scaling down conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, increased heating dissipation becomes a top concern. Combining the highly correlated ferroic orders, notably the strongly coupled interfacial magnetoelectric (ME) interactions, may lead to devices beyond CMOS. These devices use the electric field to regulate magnetization, which opens up the prospect of downsizing, improved performance, and lower power consumption. To broadly survey this tremendous scope within the last five years, this review summarizes advances in voltage control of interfacial magnetism (VCIM) with various material system selection; controlling effects with different gating methods are also explored. Five classic mechanisms are demonstrated: strain, exchange bias, orbital reconstruction, and the electrostatic and electrochemical. The encouraging photovoltaic approach is also discussed. Each method’s capabilities and application scenarios are compared. Analyses of the comprehensive gating results of different magnetic coupling effects such as perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) are additionally made. At last, controlling of skyrmions and two-dimensional (2D) material magnetization is summarized, indicating that E-field gating offers a universal approach with few limitations for material selection. These results point to potential for E-field control interfacial magnetism and predict significant future advancements for spintronics.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Recent development of E-field control of interfacial magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures

Show Author's information Yuxin Cheng, Shishun Zhao, Ziyao Zhou( ), Ming Liu( )
The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

Abstract

The full E-field control of multiferroic interfacial magnetism is a long-standing challenge for micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and has the potential to transform electronics operation mechanisms. When scaling down conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, increased heating dissipation becomes a top concern. Combining the highly correlated ferroic orders, notably the strongly coupled interfacial magnetoelectric (ME) interactions, may lead to devices beyond CMOS. These devices use the electric field to regulate magnetization, which opens up the prospect of downsizing, improved performance, and lower power consumption. To broadly survey this tremendous scope within the last five years, this review summarizes advances in voltage control of interfacial magnetism (VCIM) with various material system selection; controlling effects with different gating methods are also explored. Five classic mechanisms are demonstrated: strain, exchange bias, orbital reconstruction, and the electrostatic and electrochemical. The encouraging photovoltaic approach is also discussed. Each method’s capabilities and application scenarios are compared. Analyses of the comprehensive gating results of different magnetic coupling effects such as perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) are additionally made. At last, controlling of skyrmions and two-dimensional (2D) material magnetization is summarized, indicating that E-field gating offers a universal approach with few limitations for material selection. These results point to potential for E-field control interfacial magnetism and predict significant future advancements for spintronics.

Keywords: multiferroic, strain, photovoltaic, magnetoelectric coupling, charge

References(278)

[1]

Barthélémy, A.; Fert, A.; Baibich, M. N.; Hadjoudj, S.; Petroff, F.; Etienne, P.; Cabanel, R.; Lequien, S.; Nguyen Van Dau, F.; Creuzet, G. Magnetic and transport properties of Fe/Cr superlattices. J. Appl. Phys. 1990, 67, 5908–5913.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]

Baibich, M. N.; Broto, J. M.; Fert, A.; Van Dau, F. N.; Petroff, F.; Etienne, P.; Creuzet, G.; Friederich, A.; Chazelas, J. Giant magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr magnetic superlattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 61, 2472–2475.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

Žutić, I.; Fabian, J.; Das Sarma, S. Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2004, 76, 323–410.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

Slonczewski, J. C. Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1996, 159, L1–L7.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

Ralph, D. C.; Stiles, M. D. Spin transfer torques. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2008, 320, 1190–1216.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

Guo, Z. X.; Yin, J. L.; Bai, Y.; Zhu, D. Q.; Shi, K. W.; Wang, G. F.; Cao, K. H.; Zhao, W. S. Spintronics for energy-efficient computing: An overview and outlook. Proc. IEEE 2021, 109, 1398–1417.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]

Peng, S. Z.; Zhu, D. Q.; Zhou, J. Q.; Zhang, B. Y.; Cao, A. N.; Wang, M. X.; Cai, W. L.; Cao, K. H.; Zhao, W. S. Modulation of heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal interface for high-performance spintronic devices. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2019, 5, 1900134.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]

Yang, H.; Valenzuela, S. O.; Chshiev, M.; Couet, S.; Dieny, B.; Dlubak, B.; Fert, A.; Garello, K.; Jamet, M.; Jeong, D.-E. Two-dimensional materials prospects for non-volatile spintronic memories. Nature 2022, 606, 663–673.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]

Wang, M. X.; Cai, W. L.; Zhu, D. Q.; Wang, Z. H.; Kan, J.; Zhao, Z. Y.; Cao, K. H.; Wang, Z. L.; Zhang, Y. G.; Zhang, T. R. et al. Field-free switching of a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction through the interplay of spin-orbit and spin-transfer torques. Nat. Electron. 2018, 1, 582–588.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

Kroemer, H. Quasi-electric fields and band offsets: Teaching electrons new tricks. ChemPhysChem, 2001, 2, 490–449.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]

Kroemer, H. Nobel lecture: Quasielectric fields and band offsets: Teaching electrons new tricks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2001, 73, 783–793.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]

Pothuizen, J. J. M.; Cohen, O.; Sawatzky, G. A. Surface band gaps and superexchange interaction in transition metal oxides. MRS Online Proc. Library 1995, 401, 501–505.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

Marynowski, M.; Franzen, W.; El-Batanouny, M.; Staemmler, V. Observation of an extraordinary antiferromagnetic transition on the NiO(100) surface by metastable helium atom diffraction. Phys. Rev. B 1999, 60, 6053–6067.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]

Bader, S. D.; Parkin, S. S. P. Spintronics. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 2010, 1, 71–88.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]

Brataas, A.; Kent, A. D.; Ohno, H. Current-induced torques in magnetic materials. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 372–381.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]

Garcia, V.; Bibes, M.; Barthélémy, A. Artificial multiferroic heterostructures for an electric control of magnetic properties. C. R. Phys. 2015, 16, 168–181.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]

Heron, J. T.; Schlom, D. G.; Ramesh, R. Electric field control of magnetism using BiFeO3-based heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Rev. 2014, 1, 021303.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]

Fusil, S.; Garcia, V.; Barthélémy, A.; Bibes, M. Magnetoelectric devices for spintronics. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2014, 44, 91–116.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]

Ramesh, R. Electric field control of ferromagnetism using multi-ferroics: The bismuth ferrite story. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A:Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2014, 372, 20120437.
Google Scholar
[20]

Liu, M.; Sun, N. X. Voltage control of magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A:Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2014, 372, 20120439.
Google Scholar
[21]

Hu, J. M.; Shu, L.; Li, Z.; Gao, Y.; Shen, Y.; Lin, Y. H.; Chen, L. Q.; Nan, C. W. Film size-dependent voltage-modulated magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A:Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2014, 372, 20120444.
Google Scholar
[22]

Vaz, C. A. F.; Staub, U. Artificial multiferroic heterostructures. J. Mater. Chem. C 2013, 1, 6731–6742.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]

Bibes, M. Nanoferronics is a winning combination. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 354–357.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]

Sun, N. X.; Srinivasan, G. Voltage control of magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures and devices. SPIN 2012, 2, 1240004.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]

Vaz, C. A. F. Electric field control of magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures. J. Phys. :Condens. Matter 2012, 24, 333201.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]

Velev, J. P.; Jaswal, S. S.; Tsymbal, E. Y. Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A:Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2011, 369, 3069–3097.
Google Scholar
[27]

Ma, J.; Hu, J. M.; Li, Z.; Nan, C. W. Recent progress in multiferroic magnetoelectric composites: From bulk to thin films. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 1062–1087.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]

Vaz, C. A. F.; Hoffman, J.; Ahn, C. H.; Ramesh, R. Magnetoelectric coupling effects in multiferroic complex oxide composite structures. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 2900–2918.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]

Srinivasan, G. Magnetoelectric composites. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2010, 40, 153–178.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]

Wang, Y.; Hu, J. M.; Lin, Y. H.; Nan, C. W. Multiferroic magnetoelectric composite nanostructures. NPG Asia Mater. 2010, 2, 61–68.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]

Nan, C. W.; Bichurin, M. I.; Dong, S. X.; Viehland, D.; Srinivasan, G. Multiferroic magnetoelectric composites: Historical perspective, status, and future directions. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 103, 031101.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]

Ramesh, R.; Spaldin, N. A. Multiferroics: Progress and prospects in thin films. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 21–29.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]

Eerenstein, W.; Mathur, N. D.; Scott, J. F. Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials. Nature 2006, 442, 759–765.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]

Liu, G.; Nan, C. W.; Xu, Z. K.; Chen, H. Coupling interaction in multiferroic BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures. J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 2005, 38, 2321.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]

Song, C.; Cui, B.; Li, F.; Zhou, X. J.; Pan, F. Recent progress in voltage control of magnetism: Materials, mechanisms, and performance. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2017, 87, 33–82.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]

Pradhan, D. K.; Kumari, S.; Rack, P. D. Magnetoelectric composites: Applications, coupling mechanisms, and future directions. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2072.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]

Li, H.; Lin, C. C.; Nikonov, D. E.; Young, I. A. Differential electrically insulated magnetoelectric spin–orbit logic circuits. IEEE J. Explor. Solid-State Comput. Devices Circuits 2021, 7, 18–25.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]

Gao, J. Q.; Jiang, Z. K.; Zhang, S. J.; Mao, Z. N.; Shen, Y.; Chu, Z. Q. Review of magnetoelectric sensors. Actuators 2021, 10, 109.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]

Kumar, M.; Shankar, S.; Kumar, A.; Anshul, A.; Jayasimhadri, M.; Thakur, O. P. Progress in multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials: Applications, opportunities and challenges. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2020, 31, 19487–19510.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]

Liang, X. F.; Dong, C. Z.; Chen, H. H.; Wang, J. W.; Wei, Y. Y.; Zaeimbashi, M.; He, Y. F.; Matyushov, A.; Sun, C. X.; Sun, N. X. A review of thin-film magnetoelastic materials for magnetoelectric applications. Sensors 2020, 20, 1532.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]

Manipatruni, S.; Nikonov, D. E.; Lin, C. C.; Gosavi, T. A.; Liu, H. C.; Prasad, B.; Huang, Y. L.; Bonturim, E.; Ramesh, R.; Young, I. A. Scalable energy-efficient magnetoelectric spin–orbit logic. Nature 2019, 565, 35–42.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]

Cortie, D. L.; Causer, G. L.; Rule, K. C.; Fritzsche, H.; Kreuzpaintner, W.; Klose, F. Two-dimensional magnets: Forgotten history and recent progress towards spintronic applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1901414.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]

Gong, C.; Zhang, X. Two-dimensional magnetic crystals and emergent heterostructure devices. Science 2019, 363, eaav4450.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]

Kim, S. K.; Beach, G. S. D.; Lee, K. J.; Ono, T.; Rasing, T.; Yang, H. Ferrimagnetic spintronics. Nat. Mater. 2022, 21, 24–34.
DOI Google Scholar
[45]

He, Q. L.; Hughes, T. L.; Armitage, N. P.; Tokura, Y.; Wang, K. L. Topological spintronics and magnetoelectronics. Nat. Mater. 2022, 21, 15–23.
DOI Google Scholar
[46]

Tokura, Y.; Kanazawa, N. Magnetic skyrmion materials. Chem. Rev. 2021, 121, 2857–2897.
DOI Google Scholar
[47]

Slutsker, J.; Levin, I.; Li, J. H.; Artemev, A.; Roytburd, A. L. Effect of elastic interactions on the self-assembly of multiferroic nanostructures in epitaxial films. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 73, 184127.
DOI Google Scholar
[48]

Zheng, H.; Straub, F.; Zhan, Q.; Yang, P. L.; Hsieh, W. K.; Zavaliche, F.; Chu, Y. H.; Dahmen, U.; Ramesh, R. Self-assembled growth of BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 2747–2752.
DOI Google Scholar
[49]

Levin, I.; Li, J.; Slutsker, J.; Roytburd, A. L. Design of self-assembled multiferroic nanostructures in epitaxial films. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 2044–2047.
DOI Google Scholar
[50]

Zheng, H.; Wang, J.; Lofland, S. E.; Ma, Z.; Mohaddes-Ardabili, L.; Zhao, T.; Salamanca-Riba, L.; Shinde, S. R.; Ogale, S. B.; Bai, F. et al. Multiferroic BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures. Science 2004, 303, 661–663.
DOI Google Scholar
[51]

Wang, Z. G.; Viswan, R.; Hu, B. L.; Li, J. F.; Harris, V. G.; Viehland, D. Domain rotation induced strain effect on the magnetic and magneto-electric response in CoFe2O4/Pb(Mg, Nb)O3-PbTiO3 heterostructures. J. Appl. Phys. 2012, 111, 034108.
DOI Google Scholar
[52]

Hockel, J. L.; Bur, A.; Wu, T.; Wetzlar, K. P.; Carman, G. P. Electric field induced magnetization rotation in patterned Ni ring/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3](1-0.32)-[PbTiO3]0. 32 heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 022401.
DOI Google Scholar
[53]

Hockel, J. L.; Pollard, S. D.; Wetzlar, K. P.; Wu, T.; Zhu, Y.; Carman, G. P. Electrically controlled reversible and hysteretic magnetic domain evolution in nickel film/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68-[PbTiO3]0. 32(011) heterostructure. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 102, 242901.
DOI Google Scholar
[54]

Hsu, C. J.; Hockel, J. L.; Carman, G. P. Magnetoelectric manipulation of domain wall configuration in thin film Ni/[Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68-[PbTiO3]0. 32(001) heterostructure. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 092902.
DOI Google Scholar
[55]

Buzzi, M.; Chopdekar, R. V.; Hockel, J. L.; Bur, A.; Wu, T.; Pilet, N.; Warnicke, P.; Carman, G. P.; Heyderman, L. J.; Nolting, F. Single domain spin manipulation by electric fields in strain coupled artificial multiferroic nanostructures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 027204.
DOI Google Scholar
[56]

Liu, M.; Howe, B. M.; Grazulis, L.; Mahalingam, K.; Nan, T. X.; Sun, N. X.; Brown, G. J. Voltage-impulse-induced non-volatile ferroelastic switching of ferromagnetic resonance for reconfigurable magnetoelectric microwave devices. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4886–4892.
DOI Google Scholar
[57]

Fackler, S. W.; Donahue, M. J.; Gao, T. R.; Nero, P. N. A.; Cheong, S. W.; Cumings, J.; Takeuchi, I. Local control of magnetic anisotropy in transcritical permalloy thin films using ferroelectric BaTiO3 domains. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 212905.
DOI Google Scholar
[58]

Chopdekar, R. V.; Malik, V. K.; Rodríguez, A. F.; Le Guyader, L.; Takamura, Y.; Scholl, A.; Stender, D.; Schneider, C. W.; Bernhard, C.; Nolting, F. et al. Spatially resolved strain-imprinted magnetic states in an artificial multiferroic. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 86, 014408.
DOI Google Scholar
[59]

Lahtinen, T. H.; Shirahata, Y.; Yao, L. D.; Franke, K. J. A.; Venkataiah, G.; Taniyama, T.; Van Dijken, S. Alternating domains with uniaxial and biaxial magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Fe films on BaTiO3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 101, 262405.
DOI Google Scholar
[60]

Geprägs, S.; Mannix, D.; Opel, M.; Goennenwein, S. T. B.; Gross, R. Converse magnetoelectric effects in Fe3O4/BaTiO3 multiferroic hybrids. Phys. Rev. B 2013, 88, 054412.
DOI Google Scholar
[61]

Streubel, R.; Köhler, D.; Schäfer, R.; Eng, L. M. Strain-mediated elastic coupling in magnetoelectric nickel/barium-titanate heterostructures. Phys. Rev. B 2013, 87, 054410.
DOI Google Scholar
[62]

Maruyama, T.; Shiota, Y.; Nozaki, T.; Ohta, K.; Toda, N.; Mizuguchi, M.; Tulapurkar, A. A.; Shinjo, T.; Shiraishi, M.; Mizukami, S. et al. Large voltage-induced magnetic anisotropy change in a few atomic layers of iron. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 158–161.
DOI Google Scholar
[63]

Duan, C. G.; Jaswal, S. S.; Tsymbal, E. Y. Predicted magnetoelectric effect in Fe/BaTiO3 multilayers: Ferroelectric control of magnetism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 047201.
DOI Google Scholar
[64]

Cai, T. Y.; Ju, S.; Lee, J.; Sai, N.; Demkov, A. A.; Niu, Q.; Li, Z. Y.; Shi, J. R.; Wang, E. G. Magnetoelectric coupling and electric control of magnetization in ferromagnet/ferroelectric/normal-metal superlattices. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 80, 140415.
DOI Google Scholar
[65]

Molegraaf, H. J. A.; Hoffman, J.; Vaz, C. A. F.; Gariglio, S.; Van Der Marel, D.; Ahn, C. H.; Triscone, J. M. Magnetoelectric effects in complex oxides with competing ground states. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 3470–3474.
DOI Google Scholar
[66]

Wu, S. M.; Cybart, S. A.; Yu, P.; Rossell, M. D.; Zhang, J. X.; Ramesh, R.; Dynes, R. C. Reversible electric control of exchange bias in a multiferroic field-effect device. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 756–761.
DOI Google Scholar
[67]

Béa, H.; Bibes, M.; Ott, F.; Dupé, B.; Zhu, X. H.; Petit, S.; Fusil, S.; Deranlot, C.; Bouzehouane, K.; Barthélémy, A. Mechanisms of exchange bias with multiferroic BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 017204.
DOI Google Scholar
[68]

Chu, Y. H.; Martin, L. W.; Holcomb, M. B.; Gajek, M.; Han, S. J.; He, Q.; Balke, N.; Yang, C. H.; Lee, D.; Hu, W. et al. Electric-field control of local ferromagnetism using a magnetoelectric multiferroic. Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 478–482.
DOI Google Scholar
[69]

Liu, M.; Obi, O.; Lou, J.; Chen, Y. J.; Cai, Z. H.; Stoute, S.; Espanol, M.; Lew, M.; Situ, X. D.; Ziemer, K. S. et al. Giant electric field tuning of magnetic properties in multiferroic ferrite/ferroelectric heterostructures. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 1826–1831.
DOI Google Scholar
[70]

Hu, J. M.; Chen, L. Q.; Nan, C. W. Multiferroic heterostructures integrating ferroelectric and magnetic materials. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 15–39.
DOI Google Scholar
[71]

Wang, Y. D.; Mehmood, N.; Hou, Z. P.; Mi, W. B.; Zhou, G. F.; Gao, X. S.; Liu, J. M. Electric field-driven rotation of magnetic vortex originating from magnetic anisotropy reorientation. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2022, 8, 2100561.
DOI Google Scholar
[72]

Lai, Z. X.; Li, C. L.; Li, Z. R.; Liu, X.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Mi, W. B.; Liu, M. Electric field-tailored giant transformation of magnetic anisotropy and interfacial spin coupling in epitaxial γ′-Fe4N/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0. 3O3(011) multiferroic heterostructures. J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 8537–8545.
DOI Google Scholar
[73]

Zhou, Z. Y.; Howe, B. M.; Liu, M.; Nan, T. X.; Chen, X.; Mahalingam, K.; Sun, N. X.; Brown, G. J. Interfacial charge-mediated non-volatile magnetoelectric coupling in Co0.3Fe0. 7/Ba0. 6Sr0. 4TiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 7740.
DOI Google Scholar
[74]

Nan, T. X.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Liu, M.; Yang, X.; Gao, Y.; Assaf, B. A.; Lin, H.; Velu, S.; Wang, X. J.; Luo, H. S. et al. Quantification of strain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling on ultra-thin permalloy/PMN-PT interface. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 3688.
Google Scholar
[75]

Zhang, S.; Zhao, Y. G.; Li, P. S.; Yang, J. J.; Rizwan, S.; Zhang, J. X.; Seidel, J.; Qu, T. L.; Yang, Y. J.; Luo, Z. L. et al. Electric-field control of nonvolatile magnetization in Co40Fe40B20/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0. 3O3 structure at room temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 137203.
DOI Google Scholar
[76]

Heron, J. T.; Bosse, J. L.; He, Q.; Gao, Y.; Trassin, M.; Ye, L.; Clarkson, J. D.; Wang, C.; Liu, J.; Salahuddin, S. et al. Deterministic switching of ferromagnetism at room temperature using an electric field. Nature 2014, 516, 370–373.
DOI Google Scholar
[77]

Liu, M.; Hoffman, J.; Wang, J.; Zhang, J. X.; Nelson-Cheeseman, B.; Bhattacharya, A. Non-volatile ferroelastic switching of the Verwey transition and resistivity of epitaxial Fe3O4/PMN-PT(011). Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1876.
DOI Google Scholar
[78]

Brandlmaier, A.; Geprägs, S.; Woltersdorf, G.; Gross, R.; Goennenwein, S. T. B. Nonvolatile, reversible electric-field controlled switching of remanent magnetization in multifunctional ferromagnetic/ferroelectric hybrids. J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 110, 043913.
DOI Google Scholar
[79]

Tkach, A.; Kehlberger, A.; Büttner, F.; Jakob, G.; Eisebitt, S.; Kläui, M. Electric field modification of magnetotransport in Ni thin films on (011)PMN-PT piezosubstrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2015, 106, 062404.
DOI Google Scholar
[80]

Gao, Y.; Hu, J. M.; Shu, L.; Nan, C. W. Strain-mediated voltage control of magnetism in multiferroic Ni77Fe23/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0. 3O3 heterostructure. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 104, 142908.
DOI Google Scholar
[81]

Heron, J. T.; Trassin, M.; Ashraf, K.; Gajek, M.; He, Q.; Yang, S. Y.; Nikonov, D. E.; Chu, Y. H.; Salahuddin, S.; Ramesh, R. Electric-field-induced magnetization reversal in a ferromagnet-multiferroic heterostructure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107, 217202.
DOI Google Scholar
[82]

Gopman, D. B.; Dennis, C. L.; Chen, P. J.; Iunin, Y. L.; Finkel, P.; Staruch, M.; Shull, R. D. Strain-assisted magnetization reversal in Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 27774.
DOI Google Scholar
[83]

Ghidini, M.; Pellicelli, R.; Prieto, J. L.; Moya, X.; Soussi, J.; Briscoe, J.; Dunn, S.; Mathur, N. D. Non-volatile electrically-driven repeatable magnetization reversal with no applied magnetic field. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1453.
DOI Google Scholar
[84]

Yang, S. H.; Ryu, K. S.; Parkin, S. Domain-wall velocities of up to 750 m s−1 driven by exchange-coupling torque in synthetic antiferromagnets. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 221–226.
DOI Google Scholar
[85]

Hu, J. M.; Yang, T. N.; Wang, J. J.; Huang, H. B.; Zhang, J. X.; Chen, L. Q.; Nan, C. W. Purely electric-field-driven perpendicular magnetization reversal. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 616–622.
DOI Google Scholar
[86]

Chiba, D.; Kawaguchi, M.; Fukami, S.; Ishiwata, N.; Shimamura, K.; Kobayashi, K.; Ono, T. Electric-field control of magnetic domain-wall velocity in ultrathin cobalt with perpendicular magnetization. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3, 888.
DOI Google Scholar
[87]

Li, P.; Liu, T.; Chang, H. C.; Kalitsov, A.; Zhang, W.; Csaba, G.; Li, W.; Richardson, D.; DeMann, A.; Rimal, G. et al. Spin–orbit torque-assisted switching in magnetic insulator thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 12688.
DOI Google Scholar
[88]

Wang, W. G.; Li, M. G.; Hageman, S.; Chien, C. L. Electric-field-assisted switching in magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 64–68.
DOI Google Scholar
[89]

Ikeda, S.; Miura, K.; Yamamoto, H.; Mizunuma, K.; Gan, H. D.; Endo, M.; Kanai, S.; Hayakawa, J.; Matsukura, F.; Ohno, H. A perpendicular-anisotropy CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junction. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 721–724.
DOI Google Scholar
[90]

Miron, I. M.; Garello, K.; Gaudin, G.; Zermatten, P. J.; Costache, M. V.; Auffret, S.; Bandiera, S.; Rodmacq, B.; Schuhl, A.; Gambardella, P. Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection. Nature 2011, 476, 189–193.
DOI Google Scholar
[91]

Peng, B.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Nan, T. X.; Dong, G. H.; Feng, M. M.; Yang, Q.; Wang, X. J.; Zhao, S. S.; Xian, D.; Jiang, Z. D. et al. Deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by voltage control of spin reorientation transition in (Co/Pt)3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 4337–4345.
DOI Google Scholar
[92]
Wang, X. J.; Yang, Q.; Wang, L.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Min, T.; Liu, M.; Sun, N. X. E-field control of the RKKY interaction in FeCoB/Ru/FeCoB/PMN-PT(011) multiferroic heterostructures. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1803612.
[93]

Yi, M.; Xu, B. X.; Müller, R.; Gross, D. Strain-mediated magnetoelectric effect for the electric-field control of magnetic states in nanomagnets. Acta Mech. 2019, 230, 1247–1256.
DOI Google Scholar
[94]

Xiao, Z. Y.; Lo Conte, R.; Chen, C.; Liang, C. Y.; Sepulveda, A.; Bokor, J.; Carman, G. P.; Candler, R. N. Bi-directional coupling in strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures with magnetic domains and domain wall motion. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 5207.
DOI Google Scholar
[95]

Nan, T. X.; Hu, J. M.; Dai, M. Y.; Emori, S.; Wang, X. J.; Hu, Z. Q.; Matyushov, A.; Chen, L. Q.; Sun, N. A strain-mediated magnetoelectric-spin-torque hybrid structure. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1806371.
DOI Google Scholar
[96]

Gorige, V.; Kati, R.; Yoon, D. H.; Kumar, P. S. A. Strain mediated magnetoelectric coupling in a NiFe2O4-BaTiO3 multiferroic composite. J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 2016, 49, 405001.
DOI Google Scholar
[97]

Ghidini, M.; Mansell, R.; Maccherozzi, F.; Moya, X.; Phillips, L. C.; Yan, W.; Pesquera, D.; Barnes, C. H. W.; Cowburn, R. P.; Hu, J. M. et al. Shear-strain-mediated magnetoelectric effects revealed by imaging. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 840–845.
DOI Google Scholar
[98]

Domann, J.; Wu, T.; Chung, T. K.; Carman, G. Strain-mediated magnetoelectric storage, transmission, and processing: Putting the squeeze on data. MRS Bull. 2018, 43, 848–853.
DOI Google Scholar
[99]

Xue, X.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Dong, G. H.; Feng, M. M.; Zhang, Y. J.; Zhao, S. S.; Hu, Z. Q.; Ren, W.; Ye, Z. G.; Liu, Y. H. et al. Discovery of enhanced magnetoelectric coupling through electric field control of two-magnon scattering within distorted nanostructures. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 9286–9293.
DOI Google Scholar
[100]

Hu, J. M.; Nan, C. W. Electric-field-induced magnetic easy-axis reorientation in ferromagnetic/ferroelectric layered heterostructures. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 80, 224416.
DOI Google Scholar
[101]

Demidov, V. E.; Urazhdin, S.; Ulrichs, H.; Tiberkevich, V.; Slavin, A.; Baither, D.; Schmitz, G.; Demokritov, S. O. Magnetic nano-oscillator driven by pure spin current. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 1028–1031.
DOI Google Scholar
[102]

Chumak, A. V.; Vasyuchka, V. I.; Serga, A. A.; Hillebrands, B. Magnon spintronics. Nat. Phys. 2015, 11, 453–461.
DOI Google Scholar
[103]

Zhu, M. M.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Peng, B.; Zhao, S. S.; Zhang, Y. J.; Niu, G.; Ren, W.; Ye, Z. G.; Liu, Y. H.; Liu, M. Modulation of spin dynamics via voltage control of spin–lattice coupling in multiferroics. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017, 27, 1605598.
DOI Google Scholar
[104]

Casparis, L.; Pearson, N. J.; Kringhøj, A.; Larsen, T. W.; Kuemmeth, F.; Nygård, J.; Krogstrup, P.; Petersson, K. D.; Marcus, C. M. Voltage-controlled superconducting quantum bus. Phys. Rev. B 2019, 99, 085434.
DOI Google Scholar
[105]
Peng, W. J.; Howe, B.; Yang, X. Multiferroic RF/microwave devices. In Integrated Multiferroic Heterostructures and Applications. Liu, M.; Zhou, Z. Y. , Eds.; Wiley: Hoboken, 2019.
[106]

Zhou, Y. L.; Cai, H.; Xie, L.; Han, M. L.; Liu, M. Y.; Xu, S.; Liu, B.; Zhao, W. S.; Yang, J. A self-timed voltage-mode sensing scheme with successive sensing and checking for STT-MRAM. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I:Regular Papers 2020, 67, 1602–1614.
DOI Google Scholar
[107]

Long, M. Z.; Zeng, L.; Gao, T. Q.; Zhang, D. M.; Qin, X. W.; Zhang, Y. G.; Zhao, W. S. Self-adaptive write circuit for magnetic tunneling junction memory with voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 2018, 17, 492–499.
DOI Google Scholar
[108]

Li, X.; Lee, A.; Razavi, S. A.; Wu, H.; Wang, K. L. Voltage-controlled magnetoelectric memory and logic devices. MRS Bull. 2018, 43, 970–977.
DOI Google Scholar
[109]

Nan, T. X.; Lin, H.; Gao, Y.; Matyushov, A.; Yu, G. L.; Chen, H. H.; Sun, N.; Wei, S. J.; Wang, Z. G.; Li, M. H. et al. Acoustically actuated ultra-compact NEMS magnetoelectric antennas. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 296.
DOI Google Scholar
[110]
Zaeimbashi, M.; Lin, H.; Wang, Z. G.; Chen, H. H.; Emam, S.; Gao, Y.; Sun, N. NanoNeuroRFID: A low loss brain implantable device based on magnetoelectric antenna. In 2018 IEEE International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC). Philadelphia, 2018, pp 205–207.
[111]

Chen, A. T.; Wen, Y.; Fang, B.; Zhao, Y. L.; Zhang, Q.; Chang, Y. S.; Li, P. S.; Wu, H.; Huang, H. L.; Lu, Y. L. et al. Giant nonvolatile manipulation of magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions by electric fields via magnetoelectric coupling. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 243.
DOI Google Scholar
[112]

Jungwirth, T.; Marti, X.; Wadley, P.; Wunderlich, J. Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2016, 11, 231–241.
DOI Google Scholar
[113]

Jungwirth, T.; Sinova, J.; Manchon, A.; Marti, X.; Wunderlich, J.; Felser, C. The multiple directions of antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Phys. 2018, 14, 200–203.
DOI Google Scholar
[114]

Chen, X. Z.; Zhou, X. F.; Cheng, R.; Song, C.; Zhang, J.; Wu, Y. C.; Ba, Y.; Li, H. B.; Sun, Y. M.; You, Y. F. et al. Electric field control of Néel spin–orbit torque in an antiferromagnet. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 931–935.
DOI Google Scholar
[115]

Park, I. J.; Lee, T.; Das, P.; Debnath, B.; Carman, G. P.; Lake, R. K. Strain control of the Néel vector in Mn-based antiferromagnets. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2019, 114, 142403.
DOI Google Scholar
[116]

Liu, Z. Q.; Liu, J. H.; Biegalski, M. D.; Hu, J. M.; Shang, S. L.; Ji, Y.; Wang, J. M.; Hsu, S. L.; Wong, A. T.; Cordill, M. J. Electrically reversible cracks in an intermetallic film controlled by an electric field. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 41.
DOI Google Scholar
[117]

Wang, X. N.; Feng, Z. X.; Qin, P. X.; Yan, H.; Zhou, X. R.; Guo, H. X.; Leng, Z. G. G.; Chen, W. Q.; Jia, Q. N.; Hu, Z. X. et al. Integration of the noncollinear antiferromagnetic metal Mn3Sn onto ferroelectric oxides for electric-field control. Acta Mater. 2019, 181, 537–543.
DOI Google Scholar
[118]

Boldrin, D.; Johnson, F.; Thompson, R.; Mihai, A. P.; Zou, B.; Zemen, J.; Griffiths, J.; Gubeljak, P.; Ormandy, K. L.; Manuel, P. et al. The biaxial strain dependence of magnetic order in spin frustrated Mn3NiN thin films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1902502.
DOI Google Scholar
[119]

Boldrin, D.; Mihai, A. P.; Zou, B.; Zemen, J.; Thompson, R.; Ware, E.; Neamtu, B. V.; Ghivelder, L.; Esser, B.; McComb, D. W. et al. Giant piezomagnetism in Mn3NiN. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 18863–18868.
DOI Google Scholar
[120]

Liu, Z.; Feng, Z.; Yan, H.; Wang, X.; Zhou, X.; Qin, P.; Guo, H.; Yu, R.; Jiang, C. Antiferromagnetic piezospintronics. Advanced Electronic Materials 2019, 5, 1900176.
DOI Google Scholar
[121]

Zhou, X. R.; Zhang, X. W.; Yi, J. B.; Qin, P. X.; Feng, Z. X.; Jiang, P. H.; Zhong, Z. C.; Yan, H.; Wang, X. N.; Chen, H. Y. et al. Antiferromagnetism in Ni-based superconductors. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2106117.
DOI Google Scholar
[122]

Higo, T.; Kondou, K.; Nomoto, T.; Shiga, M.; Sakamoto, S.; Chen, X.; Nishio-Hamane, D.; Arita, R.; Otani, Y.; Miwa, S. Perpendicular full switching of chiral antiferromagnetic order by current. Nature 2022, 607, 474–479.
DOI Google Scholar
[123]

Nakatsuji, S.; Kiyohara, N.; Higo, T. Large anomalous Hall effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet at room temperature. Nature 2015, 527, 212–215.
DOI Google Scholar
[124]

Liu, Z. Q.; Chen, H.; Wang, J. M.; Liu, J. H.; Wang, K.; Feng, Z. X.; Yan, H.; Wang, X. R.; Jiang, C. B.; Coey, J. M. D. et al. Electrical switching of the topological anomalous Hall effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet above room temperature. Nat. Electron. 2018, 1, 172–177.
DOI Google Scholar
[125]

Yan, H.; Feng, Z. X.; Shang, S. L.; Wang, X. N.; Hu, Z. X.; Wang, J. H.; Zhu, Z. W.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z. H.; Hua, H. et al. A piezoelectric, strain-controlled antiferromagnetic memory insensitive to magnetic fields. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019, 14, 131–136.
DOI Google Scholar
[126]

Qin, P. X.; Feng, Z. X.; Zhou, X. R.; Guo, H. X.; Wang, J. H.; Yan, H.; Wang, X. N.; Chen, H. Y.; Zhang, X.; Wu, H. J. et al. Anomalous hall effect, robust negative magnetoresistance, and memory devices based on a noncollinear antiferromagnetic metal. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 6242–6248.
DOI Google Scholar
[127]

Guo, H. X.; Feng, Z. X.; Yan, H.; Liu, J. Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, X. R.; Qin, P. X.; Cai, J. L.; Zeng, Z. M.; Zhang, X. et al. Giant piezospintronic effect in a noncollinear antiferromagnetic metal. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2002300.
DOI Google Scholar
[128]

Nogués, J.; Schuller, I. K. Exchange bias. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1999, 192, 203–232.
DOI Google Scholar
[129]

Kiwi, M. Exchange bias theory. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2001, 234, 584–595.
DOI Google Scholar
[130]

Binek, C.; Hochstrat, A.; Chen, X.; Borisov, P.; Kleemann, W.; Doudin, B. Electrically controlled exchange bias for spintronic applications. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 97, 10C514.
DOI Google Scholar
[131]

Borisov, P.; Hochstrat, A.; Chen, X.; Kleemann, W.; Binek, C. Magnetoelectric switching of exchange bias. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 117203.
DOI Google Scholar
[132]

He, X.; Wang, Y.; Wu, N.; Caruso, A. N.; Vescovo, E.; Belashchenko, K. D.; Dowben, P. A.; Binek, C. Robust isothermal electric control of exchange bias at room temperature. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 579–585.
DOI Google Scholar
[133]

Laukhin, V.; Skumryev, V.; Martí, X.; Hrabovsky, D.; Sánchez, F.; García-Cuenca, M. V.; Ferrater, C.; Varela, M.; Lüders, U.; Bobo, J. F. et al. Electric-field control of exchange bias in multiferroic epitaxial heterostructures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 227201.
DOI Google Scholar
[134]

Zhao, T.; Scholl, A.; Zavaliche, F.; Lee, K.; Barry, M.; Doran, A.; Cruz, M. P.; Chu, Y. H.; Ederer, C.; Spaldin, N. A. et al. Electrical control of antiferromagnetic domains in multiferroic BiFeO3 films at room temperature. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 823–829.
DOI Google Scholar
[135]

Wu, S. M.; Cybart, S. A.; Yi, D.; Parker, J. M.; Ramesh, R.; Dynes, R. C. Full electric control of exchange bias. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 067202.
DOI Google Scholar
[136]

Yi, D.; Yu, P.; Chen, Y. C.; Lee, H. H.; He, Q.; Chu, Y. H.; Ramesh, R. Tailoring magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3/La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3 heterostructure through the interface engineering. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1806335.
DOI Google Scholar
[137]

Burns, S. R.; Sando, D.; Xu, B.; Dupé, B.; Russell, L.; Deng, G. C.; Clements, R.; Paull, O. H. C.; Seidel, J.; Bellaiche, L. et al. Expansion of the spin cycloid in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films. npj Quantum Mater. 2019, 4, 18.
DOI Google Scholar
[138]

Burns, S. R.; Paull, O.; Juraszek, J.; Nagarajan, V.; Sando, D. The experimentalist’s guide to the cycloid, or noncollinear antiferromagnetism in epitaxial BiFeO3. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2003711.
DOI Google Scholar
[139]

Liao, Y. C.; Nikonov, D. E.; Dutta, S.; Chang, S. C.; Hsu, C. S.; Young, I. A.; Naeemi, A. Understanding the switching mechanisms of the antiferromagnet/ferromagnet heterojunction. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 7919–7926.
DOI Google Scholar
[140]

Fischer, J. K. H.; Ueda, H.; Kimura, T. Domain switching and exchange bias control by electric field in the multiferroic conical magnet Mn2 Ge O4. Phys. Rev. B 2020, 102, 054412.
DOI Google Scholar
[141]

Hirai, T.; Koyama, T.; Chiba, D. Electric field modulation of exchange bias at the Co/Co Ox interface. Phys. Rev. B 2020, 101, 014447.
DOI Google Scholar
[142]

Liu, M.; Lou, J.; Li, S. D.; Sun, N. X. E-Field control of exchange bias and deterministic magnetization switching in AFM/FM/FE multiferroic heterostructures. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21, 2593–2598.
Google Scholar
[143]

Yang, Q.; Hu, Z. Q.; Zhang, Y.; Su, W.; Cheng, Y. X.; Peng, B.; Wu, J. G.; Zhou, Z. Y.; He, Y.; Cui, W. Z. et al. Voltage control of perpendicular exchange bias in multiferroic heterostructures. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2019, 5, 1900192.
DOI Google Scholar
[144]

Li, P.; Zhou, X. S.; Guo, Z. X. Intriguing magnetoelectric effect in two-dimensional ferromagnetic/perovskite oxide ferroelectric heterostructure. npj Comput. Mater. 2022, 8, 20.
DOI Google Scholar
[145]

Chakhalian, J.; Freeland, J. W.; Habermeier, H. U.; Cristiani, G.; Khaliullin, G.; Van Veenendaal, M.; Keimer, B. Orbital reconstruction and covalent bonding at an oxide interface. Science 2007, 318, 1114–1117.
DOI Google Scholar
[146]

Kyuno, K.; Ha, J. G.; Yamamoto, R.; Asano, S. First-principles calculation of the magnetic anisotropy energies of Ag/Fe(001) and Au/Fe(001) multilayers. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1996, 65, 1334–1339.
DOI Google Scholar
[147]

Odkhuu, D. Electric control of magnetization reorientation in FeRh/BaTiO3 mediated by a magnetic phase transition. Phys. Rev. B 2017, 96, 134402.
DOI Google Scholar
[148]

Chen, W. Z.; Jiang, L. N.; Yan, Z. R.; Zhu, Y.; Wan, C. H.; Han, X. F. Origin of the large voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in a Cr/Fe/MgO junction with an ultrathin Fe layer: First-principles investigation. Phys. Rev. B 2020, 101, 144434.
DOI Google Scholar
[149]

Wang, S. R.; Yao, M. K.; Li, Z. R.; Feng, C.; Wang, L.; Tang, X. L.; Kang, P.; Zhang, B.; Mi, W. B.; Yu, G. H. Nitrogen tuned charge redistribution and orbital reconfiguration in Fe/MgO interface for significant interfacial magnetism tunability. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1806677.
Google Scholar
[150]

Preziosi, D.; Alexe, M.; Hesse, D.; Salluzzo, M. Electric-field control of the orbital occupancy and magnetic moment of a transition-metal oxide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 115, 157401.
DOI Google Scholar
[151]

Cui, B.; Song, C.; Mao, H. J.; Yan, Y. N.; Li, F.; Gao, S.; Peng, J. J.; Zeng, F.; Pan, F. Manipulation of electric field effect by orbital switch. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 753–759.
DOI Google Scholar
[152]

Panchal, G.; Phase, D. M.; Reddy, V. R.; Choudhary, R. J. Strain-induced elastically controlled magnetic anisotropy switching in epitaxial La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3 thin films on BaTiO3(001). Phys. Rev. B 2018, 98, 045417.
DOI Google Scholar
[153]

Yu, X. Q.; Wu, L. J.; Zhang, B. M.; Zhou, H.; Dong, Y. Q.; Wu, X. H.; Kou, R. H.; Yang, P.; Chen, J. S.; Sun, C. J. et al. Thickness-dependent polarization-induced intrinsic magnetoelectric effects in La0.67Sr0. 33MnO3/PbZr0. 52Ti0. 48O3 heterostructures. Phys. Rev. B 2019, 100, 104405.
DOI Google Scholar
[154]

Li, H. B.; Lu, N. P.; Zhang, Q. H.; Wang, Y. J.; Feng, D. Q.; Chen, T. Z.; Yang, S. Z.; Duan, Z.; Li, Z. L.; Shi, Y. J. et al. Electric-field control of ferromagnetism through oxygen ion gating. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 2156.
DOI Google Scholar
[155]

Lu, N. P.; Zhang, P. F.; Zhang, Q. H.; Qiao, R. M.; He, Q.; Li, H. B.; Wang, Y. J.; Guo, J. W.; Zhang, D.; Duan, Z. et al. Electric-field control of tri-state phase transformation with a selective dual-ion switch. Nature 2017, 546, 124–128.
DOI Google Scholar
[156]
Zhu, X. J.; Zhou, J. T.; Chen, L.; Guo, S. S.; Liu, G.; Li, R. W.; Lu, W. D. In situ nanoscale electric field control of magnetism by nanoionics. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 7658–7665.
[157]

Leng, X.; Pereiro, J.; Strle, J.; Dubuis, G.; Bollinger, A. T.; Gozar, A.; Wu, J.; Litombe, N.; Panagopoulos, C.; Pavuna, D. et al. Insulator to metal transition in WO3 induced by electrolyte gating. npj Quantum Mater. 2017, 2, 35.
DOI Google Scholar
[158]
Walter, J.; Yu, G.; Yu, B.; Grutter, A.; Kirby, B.; Borchers, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, H.; Birol, T.; Greven, M. Ion-gel-gating-induced oxygen vacancy formation in epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ films from in operando x-ray and neutron scattering. Phys. Rev. Mater. 2017, 1, 071403(R).
[159]

Zhang, Q. Y.; Luo, X.; Wang, L. N.; Zhang, L. F.; Khalid, B.; Gong, J. H.; Wu, H. Lithium-ion battery cycling for magnetism control. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 583–587.
DOI Google Scholar
[160]

Bauer, U.; Yao, L. D.; Tan, A. J.; Agrawal, P.; Emori, S.; Tuller, H. L.; Van Dijken, S.; Beach, G. S. D. Magneto-ionic control of interfacial magnetism. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 174–181.
DOI Google Scholar
[161]

Dasgupta, S.; Das, B.; Li, Q.; Wang, D.; Baby, T. T.; Indris, S.; Knapp, M.; Ehrenberg, H.; Fink, K.; Kruk, R. et al. Toward on-and-off magnetism: Reversible electrochemistry to control magnetic phase transitions in spinel ferrites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 7507–7515.
DOI Google Scholar
[162]

Bauer, U.; Emori, S.; Beach, G. S. D. Voltage-controlled domain wall traps in ferromagnetic nanowires. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2013, 8, 411–416.
DOI Google Scholar
[163]

Navarro-Senent, C.; Quintana, A.; Menéndez, E.; Pellicer, E.; Sort, J. Electrolyte-gated magnetoelectric actuation: Phenomenology, materials, mechanisms, and prospective applications. APL Mater. 2019, 7, 030701.
DOI Google Scholar
[164]

Leighton, C. Electrolyte-based ionic control of functional oxides. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 13–18.
DOI Google Scholar
[165]

Bi, C.; Liu, Y. H.; Newhouse-Illige, T.; Xu, M.; Rosales, M.; Freeland, J. W.; Mryasov, O.; Zhang, S. F.; Te Velthuis, S. G. E.; Wang, W. G. Reversible control of Co magnetism by voltage-induced oxidation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 113, 267202.
DOI Google Scholar
[166]

Knag, P.; Lu, W.; Zhang, Z. Y. A native stochastic computing architecture enabled by memristors. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 2014, 13, 283–293.
DOI Google Scholar
[167]

Pershin, Y. V.; Di Ventra, M. Experimental demonstration of associative memory with memristive neural networks. Neural Netw. 2010, 23, 881–886.
DOI Google Scholar
[168]

Burr, G. W.; Shelby, R. M.; Sebastian, A.; Kim, S.; Kim, S.; Sidler, S.; Virwani, K.; Ishii, M.; Narayanan, P.; Fumarola, A. et al. Neuromorphic computing using non-volatile memory. Adv. Phys. X 2017, 2, 89–124.
Google Scholar
[169]

Naber, R. C. G.; Tanase, C.; Blom, P. W. M.; Gelinck, G. H.; Marsman, A. W.; Touwslager, F. J.; Setayesh, S.; De Leeuw, D. M. High-performance solution-processed polymer ferroelectric field-effect transistors. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 243–248.
DOI Google Scholar
[170]

Panzer, M. J.; Frisbie, C. D. Polymer electrolyte gate dielectric reveals finite windows of high conductivity in organic thin film transistors at high charge carrier densities. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 6960–6961.
DOI Google Scholar
[171]

Halik, M.; Klauk, H.; Zschieschang, U.; Schmid, G.; Dehm, C.; Schütz, M.; Maisch, S.; Effenberger, F.; Brunnbauer, M.; Stellacci, F. Low-voltage organic transistors with an amorphous molecular gate dielectric. Nature 2004, 431, 963–966.
DOI Google Scholar
[172]

Tan, A. J.; Huang, M. T.; Avci, C. O.; Büttner, F.; Mann, M.; Hu, W.; Mazzoli, C.; Wilkins, S.; Tuller, H. L.; Beach, G. S. D. Magneto-ionic control of magnetism using a solid-state proton pump. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 35–41.
DOI Google Scholar
[173]

Ahn, C. H.; Bhattacharya, A.; Di Ventra, M.; Eckstein, J. N.; Frisbie, C. D.; Gershenson, M. E.; Goldman, A. M.; Inoue, I. H.; Mannhart, J.; Millis, A. J. et al. Electrostatic modification of novel materials. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2006, 78, 1185–1212.
DOI Google Scholar
[174]

Ahn, C. H.; Triscone, J. M.; Mannhart, J. Electric field effect in correlated oxide systems. Nature 2003, 424, 1015–1018.
DOI Google Scholar
[175]

Ohno, H.; Chiba, D.; Matsukura, F.; Omiya, T.; Abe, E.; Dietl, T.; Ohno, Y.; Ohtani, K. Electric-field control of ferromagnetism. Nature 2000, 408, 944–946.
DOI Google Scholar
[176]

Weisheit, M.; Fähler, S.; Marty, A.; Souche, Y.; Poinsignon, C.; Givord, D. Electric field-induced modification of magnetism in thin-film ferromagnets. Science 2007, 315, 349–351.
DOI Google Scholar
[177]

Obinata, A.; Hibino, Y.; Hayakawa, D.; Koyama, T.; Miwa, K.; Ono, S.; Chiba, D. Electric-field control of magnetic moment in Pd. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 14303.
DOI Google Scholar
[178]

Zhao, S. S.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Li, C. L.; Peng, B.; Hu, Z. Q.; Liu, M. Low-voltage control of (Co/Pt)x perpendicular magnetic anisotropy heterostructure for flexible spintronics. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 7167–7173.
DOI Google Scholar
[179]

Yang, Q.; Wang, L.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Wang, L. Q.; Zhang, Y. J.; Zhao, S. S.; Dong, G. H.; Cheng, Y. X.; Min, T.; Hu, Z. Q. et al. Ionic liquid gating control of RKKY interaction in FeCoB/Ru/FeCoB and (Pt/Co)2/Ru/(Co/Pt)2 multilayers. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 991.
DOI Google Scholar
[180]

Yang, Q.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Wang, L. Q.; Zhang, H. J.; Cheng, Y. X.; Hu, Z. Q.; Peng, B.; Liu, M. Ionic gel modulation of RKKY interactions in synthetic anti-ferromagnetic nanostructures for low power wearable spintronic devices. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800449.
DOI Google Scholar
[181]

Bisri, S. Z.; Shimizu, S.; Nakano, M.; Iwasa, Y. Endeavor of Iontronics: From fundamentals to applications of ion-controlled electronics. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1607054.
DOI Google Scholar
[182]

Du, H. W.; Lin, X.; Xu, Z. M.; Chu, D. W. Electric double-layer transistors: A review of recent progress. J. Mater. Sci. 2015, 50, 5641–5673.
DOI Google Scholar
[183]

Fujimoto, T.; Awaga, K. Electric-double-layer field-effect transistors with ionic liquids. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 8983–9006.
DOI Google Scholar
[184]

Kim, S. H.; Hong, K.; Xie, W.; Lee, K. H.; Zhang, S. P.; Lodge, T. P.; Frisbie, C. D. Electrolyte-gated transistors for organic and printed electronics. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 1822–1846.
DOI Google Scholar
[185]

Zhang, L.; Hou, W. X.; Dong, G. H.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Zhao, S. S.; Hu, Z. Q.; Ren, W.; Chen, M. F.; Nan, C. W.; Ma, J. et al. Low voltage induced reversible magnetoelectric coupling in Fe3O4 thin films for voltage tunable spintronic devices. Mater. Horiz. 2018, 5, 991–999.
DOI Google Scholar
[186]

Walter, J.; Wang, H. L.; Luo, B.; Frisbie, C. D.; Leighton, C. Electrostatic versus electrochemical doping and control of ferromagnetism in ion-gel-gated ultrathin La0.5Sr0. 5CoO3-δ. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 7799–7810.
DOI Google Scholar
[187]

Molinari, A.; Leufke, P. M.; Reitz, C.; Dasgupta, S.; Witte, R.; Kruk, R.; Hahn, H. Hybrid supercapacitors for reversible control of magnetism. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15339.
DOI Google Scholar
[188]

Molinari, A.; Hahn, H.; Kruk, R. Voltage-controlled on/off switching of ferromagnetism in manganite supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1703908.
DOI Google Scholar
[189]
Walter, J.; Charlton, T.; Ambaye, H.; Fitzsimmons, M. R.; Orth, P. P.; Fernandes, R. M.; Leighton, C. Giant electrostatic modification of magnetism via electrolyte-gate-induced cluster percolation in La1−xSrxCoO3−δ. Phys. Rev. Mater. 2018, 2, 111406(R).
[190]

Leighton, C.; Birol, T.; Walter, J. What controls electrostatic vs electrochemical response in electrolyte-gated materials? A perspective on critical materials factors. APL Mater. 2022, 10, 040901.
DOI Google Scholar
[191]

Yang, H. X.; Thiaville, A.; Rohart, S.; Fert, A.; Chshiev, M. Anatomy of dzyaloshinskii–moriya interaction at Co/Pt interfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 115, 267210.
DOI Google Scholar
[192]

Hoffmann, A. Spin hall effects in metals. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2013, 49, 5172–5193.
DOI Google Scholar
[193]

Rossmeisl, J.; Logadottir, A.; Nørskov, J. K. Electrolysis of water on (oxidized) metal surfaces. Chem. Phys. 2005, 319, 178–184.
DOI Google Scholar
[194]

Stair, P. C. Metal-oxide interfaces: Where the action is. Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 345–346.
DOI Google Scholar
[195]

Chen, L.; Matsukura, F.; Ohno, H. Electric-field modulation of damping constant in a ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga, Mn) as. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 115, 057204.
DOI Google Scholar
[196]

Sawicki, M.; Chiba, D.; Korbecka, A.; Nishitani, Y.; Majewski, J. A.; Matsukura, F.; Dietl, T.; Ohno, H. Experimental probing of the interplay between ferromagnetism and localization in (Ga, Mn) As. Nat. Phys. 2010, 6, 22–25.
DOI Google Scholar
[197]

Adler, S. B. Factors governing oxygen reduction in solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4791–4844.
DOI Google Scholar
[198]

Maier, J. Nanoionics: Ion transport and electrochemical storage in confined systems. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 805–815.
DOI Google Scholar
[199]

Losego, M. D.; Grady, M. E.; Sottos, N. R.; Cahill, D. G.; Braun, P. V. Effects of chemical bonding on heat transport across interfaces. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 502–506.
DOI Google Scholar
[200]

Miron, I. M.; Gaudin, G.; Auffret, S.; Rodmacq, B.; Schuhl, A.; Pizzini, S.; Vogel, J.; Gambardella, P. Current-driven spin torque induced by the Rashba effect in a ferromagnetic metal layer. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 230–234.
DOI Google Scholar
[201]

Jeong, J.; Aetukuri, N.; Graf, T.; Schladt, T. D.; Samant, M. G.; Parkin, S. S. P. Suppression of metal-insulator transition in VO2 by electric field-induced oxygen vacancy formation. Science 2013, 339, 1402–1405.
DOI Google Scholar
[202]

Yang, J. J.; Strukov, D. B.; Stewart, D. R. Memristive devices for computing. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2013, 8, 13–24.
DOI Google Scholar
[203]

Yamada, Y.; Tsung, C. K.; Huang, W. Y.; Huo, Z. Y.; Habas, S. E.; Soejima, T.; Aliaga, C. E.; Somorjai, G. A.; Yang, P. D. Nanocrystal bilayer for tandem catalysis. Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 372–376.
DOI Google Scholar
[204]

Waser, R.; Dittmann, R.; Staikov, G.; Szot, K. Redox-based resistive switching memories-nanoionic mechanisms, prospects, and challenges. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 2632–2663.
DOI Google Scholar
[205]

Manchon, A.; Pizzini, S.; Vogel, J.; Uhlîr, V.; Lombard, L.; Ducruet, C.; Auffret, S.; Rodmacq, B.; Dieny, B.; Hochstrasser, M. et al. X-ray analysis of the magnetic influence of oxygen in Pt∕Co∕AlOx trilayers. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 103, 07A912.
DOI Google Scholar
[206]

Rodmacq, B.; Manchon, A.; Ducruet, C.; Auffret, S.; Dieny, B. Influence of thermal annealing on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/AlOx trilayers. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 79, 024423.
DOI Google Scholar
[207]

Cui, B.; Song, C.; Gehring, G. A.; Li, F.; Wang, G. Y.; Chen, C.; Peng, J. J.; Mao, H. J.; Zeng, F.; Pan, F. Electrical manipulation of orbital occupancy and magnetic anisotropy in manganites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 864–870.
DOI Google Scholar
[208]

Cui, B.; Song, C.; Wang, G. Y.; Yan, Y. N.; Peng, J. J.; Miao, J. H.; Mao, H. J.; Li, F.; Chen, C.; Zeng, F. et al. Reversible ferromagnetic phase transition in electrode-gated manganites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 7233–7240.
DOI Google Scholar
[209]

Spaldin, N. A.; Ramesh, R. Advances in magnetoelectric multiferroics. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 203–212.
DOI Google Scholar
[210]

Duan, C. G.; Velev, J. P.; Sabirianov, R. F.; Zhu, Z. Q.; Chu, J. H.; Jaswal, S. S.; Tsymbal, E. Y. Surface magnetoelectric effect in ferromagnetic metal films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 137201.
DOI Google Scholar
[211]

Shiota, Y.; Nozaki, T.; Bonell, F.; Murakami, S.; Shinjo, T.; Suzuki, Y. Induction of coherent magnetization switching in a few atomic layers of FeCo using voltage pulses. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 39–43.
DOI Google Scholar
[212]

De Rojas, J.; Quintana, A.; Lopeandía, A.; Salguero, J.; Costa-Krämer, J. L.; Abad, L.; Liedke, M. O.; Butterling, M.; Wagner, A.; Henderick, L. et al. Boosting room-temperature magneto-ionics in a non-magnetic oxide semiconductor. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2003704.
DOI Google Scholar
[213]

Fassatoui, A.; Ranno, L.; PeñaGarcia, J.; Balan, C.; Vogel, J.; Béa, H.; Pizzini, S. Kinetics of ion migration in the electric field-driven manipulation of magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/oxide multilayers. Small 2021, 17, 2102427.
DOI Google Scholar
[214]

Cui, B.; Werner, P.; Ma, T. P.; Zhong, X. Y.; Wang, Z. C.; Taylor, J. M.; Zhuang, Y. C.; Parkin, S. S. P. Direct imaging of structural changes induced by ionic liquid gating leading to engineered three-dimensional meso-structures. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3055.
DOI Google Scholar
[215]

Ni, J. Y.; Wang, P. S.; Lu, J. L.; Xiang, H. J. Realizing magnetoelectric coupling with hydrogen intercalation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2019, 122, 117601.
DOI Google Scholar
[216]

Tan, A. J.; Huang, M. T.; Sheffels, S.; Büttner, F.; Kim, S.; Hunt, A. H.; Waluyo, I.; Tuller, H. L.; Beach, G. S. D. Hydration of gadolinium oxide (GdOx) and its effect on voltage-induced Co oxidation in a Pt/Co/GdOx/Au heterostructure. Phys. Rev. Mater. 2019, 3, 064408.
DOI Google Scholar
[217]

Wang, M.; Shen, S. C.; Ni, J. Y.; Lu, N. P.; Li, Z. L.; Li, H. B.; Yang, S. Z.; Chen, T. Z.; Guo, J. W.; Wang, Y. J. et al. Electric-field-controlled phase transformation in WO3 thin films through hydrogen evolution. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1703628.
DOI Google Scholar
[218]

Li, H. B.; Lou, F.; Wang, Y. J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Q. H.; Wu, D.; Li, Z. L.; Wang, M.; Huang, T. T.; Lyu, Y. J. et al. Electric field-controlled multistep proton evolution in HxSrCoO2.5 with formation of H-H dimer. Adv. Sci. 2019, 6, 1901432.
DOI Google Scholar
[219]

Wang, Q.; Gu, Y. D.; Yin, S. Q.; Sun, Y. M.; Liu, W.; Zhang, Z. D.; Pan, F.; Song, C. Facilitating room-temperature oxygen ion migration via Co–O bond activation in cobaltite films. Nanoscale 2021, 13, 18256–18266.
DOI Google Scholar
[220]

Hu, S. B.; Zhu, Y. M.; Han, W. Q.; Li, X. W.; Ji, Y. J.; Ye, M.; Jin, C.; Liu, Q.; Hu, S. X.; Wang, J. O. et al. High-conductive protonated layered oxides from H2O vapor-annealed brownmillerites. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2104623.
DOI Google Scholar
[221]

Wei, G. D.; Wei, L.; Wang, D.; Chen, Y. X.; Tian, Y. F.; Yan, S. S.; Mei, L. M.; Jiao, J. Reversible control of magnetization of Fe3O4 by a solid-state film lithium battery. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 110, 062404.
DOI Google Scholar
[222]

Taniguchi, K.; Narushima, K.; Yamagishi, K.; Shito, N.; Kosaka, W.; Miyasaka, H. Magneto-ionic phase control in a quasi-layered donor/acceptor metal-organic framework by means of a Li-ion battery system. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2017, 56, 060307.
DOI Google Scholar
[223]

Dasgupta, S.; Das, B.; Knapp, M.; Brand, R. A.; Ehrenberg, H.; Kruk, R.; Hahn, H. Intercalation-driven reversible control of magnetism in bulk ferromagnets. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 4639–4644.
DOI Google Scholar
[224]

Klinser, G.; Stückler, M.; Kren, H.; Koller, S.; Goessler, W.; Krenn, H.; Würschum, R. Charging processes in the cathode LiNi0.6Mn0. 2Co0. 2O2 as revealed by operando magnetometry. J. Power Sources 2018, 396, 791–795.
DOI Google Scholar
[225]

Klinser, G.; Topolovec, S.; Kren, H.; Koller, S.; Gössler, W.; Krenn, H.; Würschum, R. Continuous monitoring of the bulk oxidation states in LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 during charging and discharging. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016, 109, 213901.
DOI Google Scholar
[226]

Wei, G. D.; Wei, L.; Wang, D.; Chen, Y. X.; Tian, Y. F.; Yan, S. S.; Mei, L. M.; Jiao, J. Reversible control of the magnetization of spinel ferrites based electrodes by lithium-ion migration. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 12554.
DOI Google Scholar
[227]

Yamada, T.; Morita, K.; Kume, K.; Yoshikawa, H.; Awaga, K. The solid-state electrochemical reduction process of magnetite in Li batteries: In situ magnetic measurements toward electrochemical magnets. J. Mater. Chem. C 2014, 2, 5183–5188.
DOI Google Scholar
[228]

Reitz, C.; Suchomski, C.; Wang, D.; Hahn, H.; Brezesinski, T. In situ tuning of magnetization via topotactic lithium insertion in ordered mesoporous lithium ferrite thin films. J. Mater. Chem. C 2016, 4, 8889–8896.
Google Scholar
[229]

Rongeat, C.; Anji Reddy, M.; Witter, R.; Fichtner, M. Solid electrolytes for fluoride ion batteries: Ionic conductivity in polycrystalline tysonite-type fluorides. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 2103–2110.
DOI Google Scholar
[230]

Reddy, M. A.; Fichtner, M. Batteries based on fluoride shuttle. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 17059–17062.
DOI Google Scholar
[231]

Vasala, S.; Jakob, A.; Wissel, K.; Waidha, A. I.; Alff, L.; Clemens, O. Reversible tuning of magnetization in a ferromagnetic Ruddlesden-popper-type manganite by electrochemical fluoride-ion intercalation. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2020, 6, 1900974.
DOI Google Scholar
[232]

Namiki, W.; Tsuchiya, T.; Takayanagi, M.; Higuchi, T.; Terabe, K. Room-temperature manipulation of magnetization angle, achieved with an all-solid-state redox device. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 16065–16072.
DOI Google Scholar
[233]

Ameziane, M.; Mansell, R.; Havu, V.; Rinke, P.; Van Dijken, S. Lithium-ion battery technology for voltage control of perpendicular magnetization. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2113118.
DOI Google Scholar
[234]

De Rojas, J.; Quintana, A.; Lopeandía, A.; Salguero, J.; Muñiz, B.; Ibrahim, F.; Chshiev, M.; Nicolenco, A.; Liedke, M. O.; Butterling, M. et al. Voltage-driven motion of nitrogen ions: A new paradigm for magneto-ionics. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 5871.
DOI Google Scholar
[235]

Wang, Z. R.; Wu, H. Q.; Burr, G. W.; Hwang, C. S.; Wang, K. L.; Xia, Q. F.; Yang, J. J. Resistive switching materials for information processing. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2020, 5, 173–195.
DOI Google Scholar
[236]

Zhang, F. L.; Li, Z. H.; Xia, Q. T.; Zhang, Q. H.; Ge, C.; Chen, Y. X.; Li, X. K.; Zhang, L. Q.; Wang, K.; Li, H. S. et al. Li-ionic control of magnetism through spin capacitance and conversion. Matter 2021, 4, 3605–3620.
DOI Google Scholar
[237]

Khorsand, A. R.; Savoini, M.; Kirilyuk, A.; Kimel, A. V.; Tsukamoto, A.; Itoh, A.; Rasing, T. Role of magnetic circular dichroism in all-optical magnetic recording. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 127205.
DOI Google Scholar
[238]

Kimel, A. V.; Kirilyuk, A.; Usachev, P. A.; Pisarev, R. V.; Balbashov, A. M.; Rasing, T. Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by instantaneous photomagnetic pulses. Nature 2005, 435, 655–657.
DOI Google Scholar
[239]

Stanciu, C. D.; Hansteen, F.; Kimel, A. V.; Kirilyuk, A.; Tsukamoto, A.; Itoh, A.; Rasing, T. All-optical magnetic recording with circularly polarized light. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99, 047601.
DOI Google Scholar
[240]

Náfrádi, B.; Szirmai, P.; Spina, M.; Lee, H.; Yazyev, O. V.; Arakcheeva, A.; Chernyshov, D.; Gibert, M.; Forró, L.; Horváth, E. Optically switched magnetism in photovoltaic perovskite CH3NH3(Mn: Pb)I3. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 13406.
DOI Google Scholar
[241]

Li, F.; Song, C.; Cui, B.; Peng, J. J.; Gu, Y. D.; Wang, G. Y.; Pan, F. Photon-gated spin transistor. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604052.
DOI Google Scholar
[242]

Náfrádi, B.; Szirmai, P.; Spina, M.; Pisoni, A.; Mettan, X.; Nemes, N. M.; Forró, L.; Horváth, E. Tuning ferromagnetism at room temperature by visible light. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 6417–6423.
DOI Google Scholar
[243]

Sun, X. N.; Vélez, S.; Atxabal, A.; Bedoya-Pinto, A.; Parui, S.; Zhu, X. W.; Llopis, R.; Casanova, F.; Hueso, L. E. A molecular spin-photovoltaic device. Science 2017, 357, 677–680.
DOI Google Scholar
[244]

Guo, L. D.; Qin, Y.; Gu, X. R.; Zhu, X. W.; Zhou, Q.; Sun, X. N. Spin transport in organic molecules. Front. Chem. 2019, 7, 428.
DOI Google Scholar
[245]

Zhao, Y. F.; Zhao, M.; Tian, B.; Jiang, Z. D.; Wang, Y. H.; Liu, M.; Zhou, Z. Y. Enhancing sunlight control of interfacial magnetism by introducing the ZnO layer for electron harvesting. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 2018–2024.
DOI Google Scholar
[246]

Zhao, S. S.; Zhao, Y. F.; Tian, B.; Liu, J. X.; Jin, S. Y.; Jiang, Z. D.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Liu, M. Photovoltaic control of ferromagnetism for flexible spintronics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 41999–42006.
DOI Google Scholar
[247]

Zhao, Y. F.; Zhao, S. S.; Wang, L.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Liu, J. X.; Min, T.; Peng, B.; Hu, Z. Q.; Jin, S. Y.; Liu, M. Sunlight control of interfacial magnetism for solar driven spintronic applications. Adv. Sci. 2019, 6, 1901994.
DOI Google Scholar
[248]

Zhao, Y. F.; Zhao, S. S.; Wang, L.; Wang, S. P.; Du, Y. J.; Zhao, Y. N.; Jin, S. Y.; Min, T.; Tian, B.; Jiang, Z. D. et al. Photovoltaic modulation of ferromagnetism within a FM metal/P-N junction Si heterostructure. Nanoscale 2021, 13, 272–279.
DOI Google Scholar
[249]

Li, C. L.; Li, Y. J.; Zhao, Y. F.; Du, Y. J.; Zhao, M.; Peng, W. J.; Wu, Y. Y.; Liu, M.; Zhou, Z. Y. Sunlight control of ferromagnetic damping in photovoltaic/ferromagnetic heterostructures. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2111652.
DOI Google Scholar
[250]

Yu, H. M.; Xiao, J.; Schultheiss, H. Magnetic texture based magnonics. Phys. Rep. 2021, 905, 1–59.
DOI Google Scholar
[251]

Li, Z. X.; Cao, Y. S.; Yan, P. Topological insulators and semimetals in classical magnetic systems. Phys. Rep. 2021, 915, 1–64.
DOI Google Scholar
[252]
Skyrme, T. H. R. A non-linear field theory. In Selected Papers with Commentary, of Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme. Brown, G. , Ed.; World Scientific Publishing House: Hong Kong, China, 1994; pp 195–206.
[253]

Skyrme, T. H. R. A unified field theory of mesons and baryons. Nucl. Phys. 1962, 31, 556–569.
DOI Google Scholar
[254]

Luo, S. J.; Xu, N.; Guo, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Hong, J.; You, L. Voltage-controlled skyrmion memristor for energy-efficient synapse applications. IEEE Electron Device Lett. 2019, 40, 635–638.
DOI Google Scholar
[255]

Wang, Y. D.; Wang, L.; Xia, J.; Lai, Z. X.; Tian, G.; Zhang, X. C.; Hou, Z. P.; Gao, X. S.; Mi, W. B.; Feng, C. et al. Electric-field-driven non-volatile multi-state switching of individual skyrmions in a multiferroic heterostructure. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 3577.
DOI Google Scholar
[256]

Gusev, N. S.; Sadovnikov, A. V.; Nikitov, S. A.; Sapozhnikov, M. V.; Udalov, O. G. Manipulation of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in Co/Pt multilayers with strain. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2020, 124, 157202.
DOI Google Scholar
[257]

Ba, Y.; Zhuang, S. H.; Zhang, Y. K.; Wang, Y. T.; Gao, Y.; Zhou, H. G.; Chen, M. F.; Sun, W. D.; Liu, Q.; Chai, G. Z. et al. Electric-field control of skyrmions in multiferroic heterostructure via magnetoelectric coupling. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 322.
DOI Google Scholar
[258]
Hou, Z. P.; Wang, Y. D.; Lan, X. M.; Li, S.; Wan, X. J.; Meng, F.; Hu, Y. F.; Fan, Z.; Feng, C.; Qin, M. H. et al. Controlled switching of the number of skyrmions in a magnetic nanodot by electric fields (Adv. Mater. 11/2022). Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2270090.
[259]

Hu, J. M.; Yang, T. N.; Chen, L. Q. Strain-mediated voltage-controlled switching of magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures. npj Comput. Mater. 2018, 4, 62.
DOI Google Scholar
[260]

Wang, J.; Shi, Y. N.; Kamlah, M. Uniaxial strain modulation of the skyrmion phase transition in ferromagnetic thin films. Phys. Rev. B 2018, 97, 024429.
DOI Google Scholar
[261]

Nii, Y.; Nakajima, T.; Kikkawa, A.; Yamasaki, Y.; Ohishi, K.; Suzuki, J.; Taguchi, Y.; Arima, T.; Tokura, Y.; Iwasa, Y. Uniaxial stress control of skyrmion phase. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 8539.
DOI Google Scholar
[262]

Hsu, P. J.; Kubetzka, A.; Finco, A.; Romming, N.; Von Bergmann, K.; Wiesendanger, R. Electric-field-driven switching of individual magnetic skyrmions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 123–126.
DOI Google Scholar
[263]

Li, H.; Ruan, S. C.; Zeng, Y. J. Intrinsic van der Waals magnetic materials from bulk to the 2D limit: New frontiers of spintronics. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1900065.
DOI Google Scholar
[264]

Lin, X. Y.; Yang, W.; Wang, K. L.; Zhao, W. S. Two-dimensional spintronics for low-power electronics. Nat. Electron. 2019, 2, 274–283.
DOI Google Scholar
[265]

Gong, C.; Li, L.; Li, Z. L.; Ji, H. W.; Stern, A.; Xia, Y.; Cao, T.; Bao, W.; Wang, C. Z.; Wang, Y. et al. Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals. Nature 2017, 546, 265–269.
DOI Google Scholar
[266]

Wang, Z.; Zhang, T. Y.; Ding, M.; Dong, B. J.; Li, Y. X.; Chen, M. L.; Li, X. X.; Huang, J. Q.; Wang, H. W.; Zhao, X. T. et al. Electric-field control of magnetism in a few-layered van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductor. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 554–559.
DOI Google Scholar
[267]

Zhuo, W. Z.; Lei, B.; Wu, S.; Yu, F. H.; Zhu, C. S.; Cui, J. H.; Sun, Z. L.; Ma, D. H.; Shi, M. Z.; Wang, H. H. et al. Manipulating ferromagnetism in few-layered Cr2Ge2Te6. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008586.
DOI Google Scholar
[268]

Gong, C.; Kim, E. M.; Wang, Y.; Lee, G.; Zhang, X. Multiferroicity in atomic van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 2657.
DOI Google Scholar
[269]

Mahajan, A.; Bhowmick, S. Decoupled strain response of ferroic properties in a multiferroic VOCl2 monolayer. Phys. Rev. B 2021, 103, 075436.
DOI Google Scholar
[270]

Liu, X. G.; Pyatakov, A. P.; Ren, W. Magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic bilayer VS2. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2020, 125, 247601.
DOI Google Scholar
[271]

Zhang, J. L.; Wu, S. Y.; Shan, Y.; Guo, J. H.; Yan, S.; Xiao, S. Y.; Yang, C. B.; Shen, J. C.; Chen, J.; Liu, L. Z. et al. Distorted monolayer ReS2 with low-magnetic-field controlled magnetoelectricity. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 2334–2340.
Google Scholar
[272]

Song, Q.; Occhialini, C. A.; Ergeçen, E.; Ilyas, B.; Amoroso, D.; Barone, P.; Kapeghian, J.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Botana, A. S. et al. Evidence for a single-layer van der Waals multiferroic. Nature 2022, 602, 601–605.
DOI Google Scholar
[273]

Jiang, S. W.; Li, L. Z.; Wang, Z. F.; Mak, K. F.; Shan, J. Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 549–553.
DOI Google Scholar
[274]

Huang, B.; Clark, G.; Klein, D. R.; MacNeill, D.; Navarro-Moratalla, E.; Seyler, K. L.; Wilson, N.; McGuire, M. A.; Cobden, D. H.; Xiao, D. et al. Electrical control of 2D magnetism in bilayer CrI3. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 544–548.
DOI Google Scholar
[275]

Kim, H. H.; Jiang, S. W.; Yang, B. W.; Zhong, S. Z.; Tian, S. J.; Li, C. H.; Lei, H. C.; Shan, J.; Mak, K. F.; Tsen, A. W. Magneto-memristive switching in a 2D layer antiferromagnet. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1905433.
DOI Google Scholar
[276]

Gao, A. Y.; Liu, Y. F.; Hu, C. W.; Qiu, J. X.; Tzschaschel, C.; Ghosh, B.; Ho, S. C.; Bérubé, D.; Chen, R.; Sun, H. P. et al. Layer hall effect in a 2D topological axion antiferromagnet. Nature 2021, 595, 521–525.
DOI Google Scholar
[277]

Mishra, S.; Yanda, P.; Sundaresan, A. Magnetoelectric effect in the honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnet BaNi2(PO4)2. Phys. Rev. B 2021, 103, 214443.
DOI Google Scholar
[278]

Chen, R.; Wang, J. F.; Ouyang, Z. W.; He, Z. Z.; Wang, S. M.; Lin, L.; Liu, J. M.; Lu, C. L.; Liu, Y.; Dong, C. et al. Magnetic field induced ferroelectricity and half magnetization plateau in polycrystalline R2V2O7 (R = Ni, Co). Phys. Rev. B 2018, 98, 184404.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 10 August 2022
Revised: 17 September 2022
Accepted: 29 September 2022
Published: 21 December 2022
Issue date: April 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

All figures reuse permissions from other sources have been obtained. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2018YFB0407601 and 2019YFA0307900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91964109 and 51972028), the National 111 Project of China (No. B14040), and the Key Research and Developmen Program of Shaanxi (No. 2019TSLG).

Return