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Infection is a main cause of implant failure. The microenvironment cell experiencing after antimicrobial therapy of infected implants is very crucial for immunomodulation and subsequent osteointegration. Based on the superiority of photothermal therapy in anti-infection, a matrix of nanograined TiO2 with (Si/P)-dual ions and hierarchical nano/microporous topography is developed on Ti implant by micro-arc oxidation. It shows good photothermal properties due to the lattice distortion induced by ion doping and can kill bacteria with near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation efficiently. Due to the combined action of porous topography and release of Si/P ions, the TiO2 matrix achieves M1-to-M2 phenotype switch of macrophages timely at different simulating infection stage and accelerates recruitment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. In vivo, the TiO2 matrix also shows desired antibacterial performance after photothermal therapy and exhibits outstanding immunomodulatory ability and new bone formation efficiency. This study provides a promising TiO2 matrix applied in clinic for settling implant infection by NIR light irradiation and promoting bone regeneration through osteoimmunomodulation.

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 29 July 2022
Revised: 08 September 2022
Accepted: 09 September 2022
Published: 22 October 2022
Issue date: February 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51771142 and 51971171) and Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No. 2021JC-07).

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