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Research Article

Interfacial high-concentration electrolyte for stable lithium metal anode: Theory, design, and demonstration

Haotian Lu1,2,3,4, Chunpeng Yang2,3( ), Feifei Wang1,2,3,4, Lu Wang1,2,3,4, Jinghong Zhou5, Wei Chen1,4, Quan-Hong Yang1,2,3( )
Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science of Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Graphical Abstract

The interfacial high-concentration electrolyte, induced by the surface negatively charged coating, can effectively reduce the electrodeposition overpotential of plating Li-ions on a host to restrain the Li dendrite growth.

Abstract

Lithium metal anodes hold great potential for high-energy-density secondary batteries. However, the uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth causes poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, hindering lithium metal anode from practical application. Electrolyte components play important roles in suppressing lithium dendrite growth and improving the electrochemical performance of long-life lithium metal anode, and it is still challenging to effectively compromise the advantages of the conventional electrolyte (1 mol·L−1 salts) and high-concentration electrolyte (> 3 mol·L−1 salts) for the optimizing electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose and design an interfacial high-concentration electrolyte induced by the nitrogen- and oxygen-doped carbon nanosheets (NO-CNS) for stable Li metal anodes. The NO-CNS with abundant surface negative charges not only creates an interfacial high-concentration of lithium ions near the electrode surface to promote charge-transfer kinetics but also enables a high ionic conductivity in the bulk electrolyte to improve ionic mass-transfer. Benefitting from the interfacial high-concentration electrolyte, the NO-CNS@Ni foam host presents outstanding electrochemical cycling performances over 600 cycles at 1 mA·cm−2 and an improved cycling lifespan of 1,500 h for symmetric cells.

Keywords

lithium metal anodedendrite growthinterfacial high-concentration electrolytesurface negative charge

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 6,
June 2023
Pages 8321-8328
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5018-7
Cite this article:
Lu H, Yang C, Wang F, et al. Interfacial high-concentration electrolyte for stable lithium metal anode: Theory, design, and demonstration. Nano Research, 2023, 16(6): 8321-8328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5018-7
Topics:
Lithium batteries
Part of a topical collection:
Conversion Reaction Lithium Metal Batteries

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Received: 29 June 2022
Revised: 20 August 2022
Accepted: 05 September 2022
Published: 03 October 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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