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Nano Research 2023, 16(2): 2463-2473 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4994-y
Research Article | Issue | Published: 14 October 2022

Rational design of 3D porous niobium carbide MXene/rGO hybrid aerogels as promising anode for potassium-ion batteries with ultrahigh rate capability

Show Author's Information Cong Liu1,  Zhitang Fang1,  Xiaoge Li2,  Jinhua Zhou3,  Gang Yang3,  Luming Peng1,  Xuefeng Guo1,  Weiping Ding1,  Wenhua Hou1( )
Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
Keywords:
potassium ion batteries, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), niobium-based transition metal carbides (Nb2C MXene), hybrid aerogel, ultrahigh rate capability
Topics:
Secondary batteries
Cite this article:
Liu C, Fang Z, Li X, et al. Rational design of 3D porous niobium carbide MXene/rGO hybrid aerogels as promising anode for potassium-ion batteries with ultrahigh rate capability. Nano Research, 2023, 16(2): 2463-2473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4994-y
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

An effective method is designed to construct three-dimensional (3D) Nb2C/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid aerogels through a low-temperature graphene oxide (GO)-assisted hydrothermal self-assembly followed by freeze-drying and annealing. The intimately coupled Nb2C/rGO hybrid aerogel combines the advantages of large specific surface area and rich 3D interconnected porous structure of aerogel as well as high conductivity and low potassium diffusion energy barrier of Nb2C, which not only effectively prevents the self-restacking of Nb2C nanosheets to allow more active sites exposed and accommodate the volume change during the charge/discharge process, but also increases the accessibility of electrolyte and promotes the rapid transfer of ions/electrons. As a result, Nb2C/rGO-2 as the anode of potassium ion batteries (KIBs) delivers a large reversible specific capacity (301.7 mAh·g−1 after 500 cycles at 2.0 A·g−1), an ultrahigh rate capability (155.5 mAh·g−1 at 20 A·g−1), and an excellent long-term large-current cycle stability (198.8 mAh·g−1 after 1,000 cycles at 10 A·g−1, with a retention of 83.3%). Such a high-level electrochemical performance, especially the ultrahigh rate capability, is the best among transition metal carbides and nitride (MXene)-based materials reported so far for KIBs. The diffusion kinetics of K+ is investigated thoroughly, and the synergetic charge–discharge mechanism and the structure–performance relationship of Nb2C/rGO are revealed explicitly. The present work provides a good strategy to solve the self-restacking problem of two-dimensional materials and also enlarges the potential applications of MXenes.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Rational design of 3D porous niobium carbide MXene/rGO hybrid aerogels as promising anode for potassium-ion batteries with ultrahigh rate capability

Show Author's information Cong Liu1, Zhitang Fang1, Xiaoge Li2, Jinhua Zhou3, Gang Yang3, Luming Peng1, Xuefeng Guo1, Weiping Ding1, Wenhua Hou1( )
Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China

Abstract

An effective method is designed to construct three-dimensional (3D) Nb2C/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid aerogels through a low-temperature graphene oxide (GO)-assisted hydrothermal self-assembly followed by freeze-drying and annealing. The intimately coupled Nb2C/rGO hybrid aerogel combines the advantages of large specific surface area and rich 3D interconnected porous structure of aerogel as well as high conductivity and low potassium diffusion energy barrier of Nb2C, which not only effectively prevents the self-restacking of Nb2C nanosheets to allow more active sites exposed and accommodate the volume change during the charge/discharge process, but also increases the accessibility of electrolyte and promotes the rapid transfer of ions/electrons. As a result, Nb2C/rGO-2 as the anode of potassium ion batteries (KIBs) delivers a large reversible specific capacity (301.7 mAh·g−1 after 500 cycles at 2.0 A·g−1), an ultrahigh rate capability (155.5 mAh·g−1 at 20 A·g−1), and an excellent long-term large-current cycle stability (198.8 mAh·g−1 after 1,000 cycles at 10 A·g−1, with a retention of 83.3%). Such a high-level electrochemical performance, especially the ultrahigh rate capability, is the best among transition metal carbides and nitride (MXene)-based materials reported so far for KIBs. The diffusion kinetics of K+ is investigated thoroughly, and the synergetic charge–discharge mechanism and the structure–performance relationship of Nb2C/rGO are revealed explicitly. The present work provides a good strategy to solve the self-restacking problem of two-dimensional materials and also enlarges the potential applications of MXenes.

Keywords: potassium ion batteries, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), niobium-based transition metal carbides (Nb2C MXene), hybrid aerogel, ultrahigh rate capability

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 06 July 2022
Revised: 21 August 2022
Accepted: 31 August 2022
Published: 14 October 2022
Issue date: February 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21773116) and Modern Analysis Center of Nanjing University.

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