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Review Article

Active-site and interface engineering of cathode materials for aqueous Zn–gas batteries

Wenxian Liu1, Jinxiu Feng1, Tianran Wei2, Qian Liu3, Shusheng Zhang4, Yang Luo5,6, Jun Luo7, Xijun Liu2( )
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resource, Environments, and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH) Domain, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC), Hong Kong 999077, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable Zn–gas batteries are regarded as promising energy storage and conversion devices due to their high safety and inherent environmental friendliness. However, the energy efficiency and power density of Zn–gas batteries are restricted by the kinetically sluggish cathode reactions, such as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charging and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR)/nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR)/nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) during discharge. In this review, battery configurations and fundamental reactions in Zn–gas batteries are first introduced, including Zn–air, Zn-CO2, Zn-N2, and Zn-NO batteries. Afterward, recent advances in active site engineering for enhancing the intrinsic catalytic activities of cathode catalysts are summarized. Subsequently, the structure and surface regulation strategies of cathode materials for optimizing the three-phase interface and improving the performance of Zn–gas batteries are discussed. Finally, some personal perspectives for the future development of Zn–gas batteries are presented.

Graphical Abstract

Recent advances in active sites and interface regulation strategies of cathode materials for Zn–gas batteries, including Zn–air, Zn-CO2, Zn-N2, and Zn-NO batteries, are summarized and discussed.

Keywords

Zn–gas batterieselectrocatalysissingle-atom catalystschemical dopingheterostructureinterface

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 2,
February 2023
Pages 2325-2346
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4929-7

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Cite this article:
Liu W, Feng J, Wei T, et al. Active-site and interface engineering of cathode materials for aqueous Zn–gas batteries. Nano Research, 2023, 16(2): 2325-2346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4929-7
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Zinc air batteries

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Received: 26 July 2022
Revised: 15 August 2022
Accepted: 16 August 2022
Published: 27 September 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022