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Nano Research 2023, 16(2): 3516-3523 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4880-9
Research Article | Issue | Published: 22 September 2022

Novel Zr-doped β-Li3PS4 solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries with a combined experimental and computational approach

Show Author's Information Junbo Zhang1,§,  Guoxi Zhu2,3,§,  Han Li1,  Jiangwei Ju2,  Jianwei Gu4,  Renzhuang Xu4,  Sumin Jin4,  Jianqiu Zhou1,4( ),  Bingbing Chen4( )
Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

§ Junbo Zhang and Guoxi Zhu contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
first-principles calculations, interface stability, all-solid-state lithium batteries, high ionic conductivity
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Zhang J, Zhu G, Li H, et al. Novel Zr-doped β-Li3PS4 solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries with a combined experimental and computational approach. Nano Research, 2023, 16(2): 3516-3523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4880-9
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are promising for safety and high-energy-density large-scale energy storage. In this contribution, we propose a Li3–4xZrxPS4 (LZPS) by Zr-doped β-Li3PS4 (LPS) as a novel solid electrolyte (SE) for ASSLBs based on experimental and simulation methods. The structure, electronic property, mechanical property, and ionic transport properties of LZPS (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.1) are investigated with first-principles calculations. Meanwhile, LZPS is prepared by solid states reaction method. By combining experimental analysis and first-principles calculations, it is confirmed that a small amount of Zr4+ can be successfully doped into the framework of β-LPS composites without significantly compromising structural integrity. When the Zr4+ concentration is x = 0.03, the doped material Li2.88Zr0.03PS4 exhibits the highest ionic conductivity (5.1 × 10−4 S·cm−1) at 30 °C, and the Li-ion migration energy barrier is the lowest. The Li2.88Zr0.03PS4 SE has obtained the best mechanical properties, the good ductility, and shear deformation resistance, which can better maintain the structural stability of the battery. In addition, the Li/Li symmetrical cell is assembled, which shows excellent electrochemical stability of electrolyte against lithium. The constructed all-solid-state batteries (LiCoO2-Li6PS5Cl|Li2.88Zr0.03PS4|Li-In) delivers an initial discharge capacity of 130.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 C and a capacity retention of 85.1% after 100 cycles at room temperature. This study provides a promising electrolyte for the application of ASSLBs with high ionic conductivity and excellent stability against lithium.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Novel Zr-doped β-Li3PS4 solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries with a combined experimental and computational approach

Show Author's information Junbo Zhang1,§, Guoxi Zhu2,3,§, Han Li1, Jiangwei Ju2, Jianwei Gu4, Renzhuang Xu4, Sumin Jin4, Jianqiu Zhou1,4( ), Bingbing Chen4( )
Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

§ Junbo Zhang and Guoxi Zhu contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are promising for safety and high-energy-density large-scale energy storage. In this contribution, we propose a Li3–4xZrxPS4 (LZPS) by Zr-doped β-Li3PS4 (LPS) as a novel solid electrolyte (SE) for ASSLBs based on experimental and simulation methods. The structure, electronic property, mechanical property, and ionic transport properties of LZPS (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.1) are investigated with first-principles calculations. Meanwhile, LZPS is prepared by solid states reaction method. By combining experimental analysis and first-principles calculations, it is confirmed that a small amount of Zr4+ can be successfully doped into the framework of β-LPS composites without significantly compromising structural integrity. When the Zr4+ concentration is x = 0.03, the doped material Li2.88Zr0.03PS4 exhibits the highest ionic conductivity (5.1 × 10−4 S·cm−1) at 30 °C, and the Li-ion migration energy barrier is the lowest. The Li2.88Zr0.03PS4 SE has obtained the best mechanical properties, the good ductility, and shear deformation resistance, which can better maintain the structural stability of the battery. In addition, the Li/Li symmetrical cell is assembled, which shows excellent electrochemical stability of electrolyte against lithium. The constructed all-solid-state batteries (LiCoO2-Li6PS5Cl|Li2.88Zr0.03PS4|Li-In) delivers an initial discharge capacity of 130.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 C and a capacity retention of 85.1% after 100 cycles at room temperature. This study provides a promising electrolyte for the application of ASSLBs with high ionic conductivity and excellent stability against lithium.

Keywords: first-principles calculations, interface stability, all-solid-state lithium batteries, high ionic conductivity

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 01 June 2022
Revised: 26 July 2022
Accepted: 07 August 2022
Published: 22 September 2022
Issue date: February 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11902144). We are grateful to the High Performance Computing Center of Nanjing Tech University for supporting the computational resources.

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