Multicomponent transition metal oxides and (oxy)hydroxides for oxygen evolution

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the core electrode reaction in energy-related technologies, such as electrolytic water, electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, rechargeable metal-air batteries, and renewable fuel cells. Development of well-stocked, cost-effective, and high-performance OER electrocatalysts is the key to the improvement of energy efficiency and the large-scale commercial implementation of these technologies. Multicomponent transition metal oxides and (oxy)hydroxides are the most promising OER catalysts due to their low cost, adjustable structure, high electrocatalytic activity, and outstanding durability. In this review, a brief overview about the mechanisms of OER is first offered, accompanied with the theory and calculation criteria. Then, the latest advances in the rational design of the related OER electrocatalysts and the modulation of the electronic structure of active sites are comprehensively summarized. Specifically, various strategies (including element doping, defect engineering, and fabrication of binderless catalysts) used to improve the OER performance are detailedly discussed, emphasizing the structure–function relationships. Finally, the challenges and perspectives on this promising field are proposed.