Journal Home > Volume 15 , Issue 10
Nano Research 2022, 15(10): 9614-9630 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4817-1
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 18 August 2022

Hydrogel-based composites beyond the porous architectures for electromagnetic interference shielding

Show Author's Information Yunfei Yang1,§,  Mingrui Han1,§,  Wei Liu2,3,  Na Wu4( ),  Jiurong Liu1( )
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Shenzhen research institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518052, China
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland

§ Yunfei Yang and Mingrui Han contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
composites, structural design, hydrogels, porous, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding
Topics:
AerogelsFabricationGelsMicrowave sensorsPore structureStructural design
Cite this article:
Yang Y, Han M, Liu W, et al. Hydrogel-based composites beyond the porous architectures for electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano Research, 2022, 15(10): 9614-9630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4817-1
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

792

Views

65

Downloads

Citations

35

Crossref

32

WoS

35

Scopus

3

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

With the rapid development of the electronic industry and wireless communication technology, electromagnetic interference (EMI) or pollution has been increasingly serious. This not only severely endangers the normal operation of electronic equipment but also threatens human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop high-performance EMI shielding materials. The advent of hydrogel-based materials has given EMI shields a novel option. Hydrogels combined with conductive functional materials have good mechanical flexibility, fatigue durability, and even high stretchability, which are beneficial for a wide range of applications, especially in EMI shielding and some flexible functional devices. Herein, the current progress of hydrogel-based EMI shields was reviewed, in the meanwhile, some novel studies about pore structure design that we believe will help advance the development of hydrogel-based EMI shielding materials were also included. In the outlook, we suggested some promising development directions for the hydrogel-based EMI shields, by which we hope to provide a reference for designing hydrogels with excellent EMI shielding performance and multifunctionalities.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Hydrogel-based composites beyond the porous architectures for electromagnetic interference shielding

Show Author's information Yunfei Yang1,§, Mingrui Han1,§, Wei Liu2,3, Na Wu4( ), Jiurong Liu1( )
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Shenzhen research institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518052, China
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland

§ Yunfei Yang and Mingrui Han contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

With the rapid development of the electronic industry and wireless communication technology, electromagnetic interference (EMI) or pollution has been increasingly serious. This not only severely endangers the normal operation of electronic equipment but also threatens human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop high-performance EMI shielding materials. The advent of hydrogel-based materials has given EMI shields a novel option. Hydrogels combined with conductive functional materials have good mechanical flexibility, fatigue durability, and even high stretchability, which are beneficial for a wide range of applications, especially in EMI shielding and some flexible functional devices. Herein, the current progress of hydrogel-based EMI shields was reviewed, in the meanwhile, some novel studies about pore structure design that we believe will help advance the development of hydrogel-based EMI shielding materials were also included. In the outlook, we suggested some promising development directions for the hydrogel-based EMI shields, by which we hope to provide a reference for designing hydrogels with excellent EMI shielding performance and multifunctionalities.

Keywords: composites, structural design, hydrogels, porous, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding

References(122)

1

Thomassin, J. M.; Jérôme, C.; Pardoen, T.; Bailly, C.; Huynen, I.; Detrembleur, C. Polymer/carbon based composites as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. 2013, 74, 211–232.
DOI Google Scholar
2

Liu, J.; Zhang, H. B.; Sun, R. H.; Liu, Y. F.; Liu, Z. S.; Zhou, A. G.; Yu, Z. Z. Hydrophobic, flexible, and lightweight MXene foams for high-performance electromagnetic-interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1702367.
DOI Google Scholar
3

Cheng, Y.; Li, X. Y.; Qin, Y. X.; Fang, Y. T.; Liu, G. L.; Wang, Z. Y.; Matz, J.; Dong, P.; Shen, J. F.; Ye, M. X. Hierarchically porous polyimide/Ti3C2Tx film with stable electromagnetic interference shielding after resisting harsh conditions. Sci. Adv. 2021, 7, eabj1663.
DOI Google Scholar
4

Wu, N.; Zeng, Z. H.; Kummer, N.; Han, D. X.; Zenobi, R.; Nyström, G. Ultrafine cellulose nanofiber-assisted physical and chemical cross-linking of MXene sheets for electromagnetic interference shielding. Small Methods 2021, 5, 2100889.
DOI Google Scholar
5

Zeng, Z. H.; Wu, N.; Wei, J. J.; Yang, Y. F.; Wu, T. T.; Li, B.; Hauser, S. B.; Yang, W. D.; Liu, J. R.; Zhao, S. Y. Porous and ultra-flexible crosslinked MXene/polyimide composites for multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 59.
DOI Google Scholar
6

Shi, S. W.; Qian, B. Q.; Wu, X. Y.; Sun, H. L.; Wang, H. Q.; Zhang, H. B.; Yu, Z. Z.; Russell, T. P. Self-assembly of MXene-surfactants at liquid–liquid interfaces: From structured liquids to 3D aerogels. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 18171–18176.
DOI Google Scholar
7

Song, P.; Liang, C. B.; Wang, L.; Qiu, H.; Gu, H. B.; Kong, J.; Gu, J. W. Obviously improved electromagnetic interference shielding performances for epoxy composites via constructing honeycomb structural reduced graphene oxide. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2019, 181, 107698.
DOI Google Scholar
8

Chen, W.; Liu, L. X.; Zhang, H. B.; Yu, Z. Z. Kirigami-inspired highly stretchable, conductive, and hierarchical Ti3C2Tx MXene films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and pressure sensing. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 7668–7681.
DOI Google Scholar
9

Hu, P. Y.; Lyu, J.; Fu, C.; Gong, W. B.; Liao, J. H.; Lu, W. B.; Chen, Y. P.; Zhang, X. T. Multifunctional aramid nanofiber/carbon nanotube hybrid aerogel films. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 688–697.
DOI Google Scholar
10

Wei, Q. W.; Pei, S. F.; Qian, X. T.; Liu, H. P.; Liu, Z. B.; Zhang, W. M.; Zhou, T. Y.; Zhang, Z. C.; Zhang, X. F.; Cheng, H. M. et al. Superhigh electromagnetic interference shielding of ultrathin aligned pristine graphene nanosheets film. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1907411.
DOI Google Scholar
11

Chen, Y. M.; Yang, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Zhang, L.; Xu, W. H.; Duan, G. G.; Mei, C. T.; Jiang, S. H.; Rui, Z. H.; Zhang, K. Porous aerogel and sponge composites: Assisted by novel nanomaterials for electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano Today 2021, 38, 101204.
DOI Google Scholar
12

Yang, R. L.; Gui, X. C.; Yao, L.; Hu, Q. M.; Yang, L. L.; Zhang, H.; Yao, Y. T.; Mei, H.; Tang, Z. K. Ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible CNT buckypaper enhanced using MXenes for electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano-Micro Lett. 2021, 13, 66.
DOI Google Scholar
13

Weng, G. M.; Li, J. Y.; Alhabeb, M.; Karpovich, C.; Wang, H.; Lipton, J.; Maleski, K.; Kong, J.; Shaulsky, E.; Elimelech, M. et al. Layer-by-Layer assembly of cross-functional semi-transparent MXene-carbon nanotubes composite films for next-generation electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1803360.
DOI Google Scholar
14

Kong, L.; Yin, X. W.; Xu, H. L.; Yuan, X. Y.; Wang, T.; Xu, Z. W.; Huang, J. F.; Yang, R.; Fan, H. Powerful absorbing and lightweight electromagnetic shielding CNTs/RGO composite. Carbon 2019, 145, 61–66.
DOI Google Scholar
15

Zhang, Y.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, T. F.; Chang, H. C.; Xiao, P. S.; Chen, H. H.; Huang, Z. Y.; Chen, Y. S. Broadband and tunable high-performance microwave absorption of an ultralight and highly compressible graphene foam. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 2049–2053.
DOI Google Scholar
16

Ma, T. B.; Ma, H.; Ruan, K. P.; Shi, X. T.; Qiu, H.; Gao, S. Y.; Gu, J. W. Thermally conductive poly(lactic acid) composites with superior electromagnetic shielding performances via 3D printing technology. Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 2022, 40, 248–255.
DOI Google Scholar
17

Zhang, Y. L.; Ma, Z. L.; Ruan, K. P.; Gu, J. W. Flexible Ti3C2Tx/(aramid nanofiber/PVA) composite films for superior electromagnetic interference shielding. Research 2022, 2022, 9780290.
DOI Google Scholar
18

Wang, L.; Ma, Z. L.; Zhang, Y. L.; Qiu, H.; Ruan, K. P.; Gu, J. W. Mechanically strong and folding-endurance Ti3C2Tx MXene/PBO nanofiber films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management. Carbon Energy 2022, 4, 200–210.
DOI Google Scholar
19

Zhang, Y. L.; Ruan, K. P.; Gu, J. W. Flexible sandwich-structured electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposite films with excellent thermal conductivities. Small 2021, 17, 2101951.
DOI Google Scholar
20

Han, M. K.; Yin, X. W.; Hantanasirisakul, K.; Li, X. L.; Iqbal, A.; Hatter, C. B.; Anasori, B.; Koo, C. M.; Torita, T.; Soda, Y. et al. Anisotropic MXene aerogels with a mechanically tunable ratio of electromagnetic wave reflection to absorption. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2019, 7, 1900267.
DOI Google Scholar
21

Zeng, Z. H.; Wu, T. T.; Han, D. X.; Ren, Q.; Siqueira, G.; Nyströem, G. Ultralight, flexible, and biomimetic nanocellulose/silver nanowire aerogels for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 2927–2938.
DOI Google Scholar
22

Han, Y. X.; Ruan, K. P.; Gu, J. W. Janus (BNNS/ANF)-(AgNWs/ANF) thermal conductivity composite films with superior electromagnetic interference shielding and Joule heating performances. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 4747–4755.
DOI Google Scholar
23

Wang, L.; Ma, Z. L.; Zhang, Y. L.; Chen, L. X.; Cao, D. P.; Gu, J. W. Polymer-based EMI shielding composites with 3D conductive networks: A mini-review. SusMat 2021, 1, 413–431.
DOI Google Scholar
24
Zeng, Z. H.; Qiao, J.; Zhang, R. N.; Liu, J. R.; Nyström, G. Nanocellulose-assisted preparation of electromagnetic interference shielding materials with diversified microstructure. SmartMat, in press, https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1118.
25

Zhang, L. Q.; Yang, S. G.; Li, L.; Yang, B.; Huang, H. D.; Yan, D. X.; Zhong, G. J.; Xu, L.; Li, Z. M. Ultralight cellulose porous composites with manipulated porous structure and carbon nanotube distribution for promising electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 40156–40167.
DOI Google Scholar
26

Chen, Y. W.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zeng, G. X. Tunable and high performance electromagnetic absorber based on ultralight 3D graphene foams with aligned structure. Carbon 2018, 140, 494–503.
DOI Google Scholar
27

Yang, Y. L.; Gupta, M. C.; Dudley, K. L.; Lawrence, R. W. Novel carbon nanotube-polystyrene foam composites for electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 2131–2134.
DOI Google Scholar
28

Chen, Y. A.; Pötschke, P.; Pionteck, J.; Voit, B.; Qi, H. S. Multifunctional cellulose/rGO/Fe3O4 composite aerogels for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 22088–22098.
DOI Google Scholar
29

Jaspers, M.; Rowan, A. E.; Kouwer, P. H. J. Tuning hydrogel mechanics using the hofmeister effect. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 6503–6510.
DOI Google Scholar
30

Sano, K.; Ishida, Y.; Aida, T. Synthesis of anisotropic hydrogels and their applications. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 2532–2543.
DOI Google Scholar
31

Zhan, Z. Y.; Song, Q. C.; Zhou, Z. H.; Lu, C. H. Ultrastrong and conductive MXene/cellulose nanofiber films enhanced by hierarchical nano-architecture and interfacial interaction for flexible electromagnetic interference shielding. J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 9820–9829.
DOI Google Scholar
32

Zeng, Z. H.; Wang, C. X.; Wu, T. T.; Han, D. X.; Luković, M.; Pan, F.; Siqueira, G.; Nyström, G. Nanocellulose assisted preparation of ambient dried, large-scale and mechanically robust carbon nanotube foams for electromagnetic interference shielding. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 17969–17979.
DOI Google Scholar
33

Hogg, D. C.; Guiraud, F. O. Microwave measurements of the absolute values of absorption by water vapour in the atmosphere. Nature 1979, 279, 408–409.
DOI Google Scholar
34

Buchner, R.; Barthel, J.; Stauber, J. The dielectric relaxation of water between 0 °C and 35 °C. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 306, 57–63.
DOI Google Scholar
35

Garner, H. R.; Ohkawa, T.; Tuason, O.; Lee, R. L. Microwave absorption in substances that form hydration layers with water. Phys. Rev. A 1990, 42, 7264–7270.
DOI Google Scholar
36

Zhu, M.; Yan, X. X.; Xu, H. L.; Xu, Y. J.; Kong, L. Ultralight, compressible, and anisotropic MXene@wood nanocomposite aerogel with excellent electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing properties at different directions. Carbon 2021, 182, 806–814.
DOI Google Scholar
37

Zeng, Z. H.; Jin, H.; Chen, M. J.; Li, W. W.; Zhou, L. C.; Zhang, Z. Lightweight and anisotropic porous MWCNT/WPU composites for ultrahigh performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 303–310.
DOI Google Scholar
38

Song, P.; Qiu, H.; Wang, L.; Liu, X. Y.; Zhang, Y. L.; Zhang, J. L.; Kong, J.; Gu, J. W. Honeycomb structural rGO-MXene/epoxy nanocomposites for superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Sustain. Mater. Technol. 2020, 24, e00153.
DOI Google Scholar
39

Liu, X. M.; Liu, H. Q.; Xu, H. L.; Xie, W. J.; Li, M. H.; Liu, J. X.; Liu, G. Q.; Weidenkaff, A.; Riedel, R. Natural wood templated hierarchically cellular NbC/pyrolytic carbon foams as stiff, lightweight and high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2022, 606, 1543–1553.
DOI Google Scholar
40

Zeng, Z. H.; Jin, H.; Chen, M. J.; Li, W. W.; Zhou, L. C.; Xue, X.; Zhang, Z. Microstructure design of lightweight, flexible, and high electromagnetic shielding porous multiwalled carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Small 2017, 13, 1701388.
DOI Google Scholar
41

Zhang, Y. S.; Khademhosseini, A. Advances in engineering hydrogels. Science 2017, 356, eaaf3627.
DOI Google Scholar
42

Seliktar, D. Designing cell-compatible hydrogels for biomedical applications. Science 2012, 336, 1124–1128.
DOI Google Scholar
43

Andryieuski, A.; Kuznetsova, S. M.; Zhukovsky, S. V.; Kivshar, Y. S.; Lavrinenko, A. V. Water: Promising opportunities for tunable all-dielectric electromagnetic metamaterials. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 13535.
DOI Google Scholar
44

King, G. W.; Hainer, R. M.; Cross, P. C. Expected microwave absorption coefficients of water and related molecules. Phys. Rev. 1947, 71, 433–443.
DOI Google Scholar
45

Ahmed, E. M. Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review. J. Adv. Res. 2015, 6, 105–121.
DOI Google Scholar
46

Zainal, S. H.; Mohd, N. H.; Suhaili, N.; Anuar, F. H.; Lazim, A. M.; Othaman, R. Preparation of cellulose-based hydrogel: A review. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2021, 10, 935–952.
DOI Google Scholar
47

Hamedi, H.; Moradi, S.; Hudson, S. M.; Tonelli, A. E. Chitosan based hydrogels and their applications for drug delivery in wound dressings: A review. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018, 199, 445–460.
DOI Google Scholar
48

Thoniyot, P.; Tan, M. J.; Karim, A. A.; Young, D. J.; Loh, X. J. Nanoparticle-hydrogel composites: Concept, design, and applications of these promising, multi-functional materials. Adv. Sci. 2015, 2, 1400010.
DOI Google Scholar
49

Wang, L. R.; Xu, T. L.; Zhang, X. J. Multifunctional conductive hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensors. TrAC-Trend. Anal. Chem. 2021, 134, 116130.
DOI Google Scholar
50

Distler, T.; Boccaccini, A. R. 3D printing of electrically conductive hydrogels for tissue engineering and biosensors—A review. Acta Biomater. 2020, 101, 1–13.
DOI Google Scholar
51

Timofejeva, A.; D’Este, M.; Loca, D. Calcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogels: A review on the freeze-thawing synthesis approach and applications in regenerative medicine. Eur. Polym. J. 2017, 95, 547–565.
DOI Google Scholar
52

Zhang, Y.; Cremer, P. S. Interactions between macromolecules and ions: The Hofmeister series. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2006, 10, 658–663.
DOI Google Scholar
53

Hao, M. M.; Wang, Y. F.; Li, L. H.; Lu, Q. F.; Sun, F. Q.; Li, L. L.; Yang, X. Q.; Li, Y.; Liu, M. Y.; Feng, S. J. et al. Stretchable multifunctional hydrogels for sensing electronics with effective EMI shielding properties. Soft Matter 2021, 17, 9057–9065.
DOI Google Scholar
54

Hu, W. K.; Wang, Z. J.; Xiao, Y.; Zhang, S. M.; Wang, J. L. Advances in crosslinking strategies of biomedical hydrogels. Biomater. Sci. 2019, 7, 843–855.
DOI Google Scholar
55

Lai, D. G.; Chen, X. X.; Wang, G.; Xu, X. H.; Wang, Y. Arbitrarily reshaping and instantaneously self-healing graphene composite hydrogel with molecule polarization-enhanced ultrahigh electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Carbon 2022, 188, 513–522.
DOI Google Scholar
56

Wan, S. J.; Li, X.; Wang, Y. L.; Chen, Y.; Xie, X.; Yang, R.; Tomsia, A. P.; Jiang, L.; Cheng, Q. F. Strong sequentially bridged MXene sheets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 27154–27161.
DOI Google Scholar
57

Zhu, Y. Y.; Liu, J.; Guo, T.; Wang, J. J.; Tang, X. Z.; Nicolosi, V. Multifunctional Ti3C2Tx MXene composite hydrogels with strain sensitivity toward absorption-dominated electromagnetic-interference shielding. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 1465–1474.
DOI Google Scholar
58
Bai, Y.; Bi, S. H.; Wang, W. K.; Ding, N.; Lu, Y. Y.; Jiang, M. Y.; Ding, C. B.; Zhao, W. W.; Liu, N.; Bian, J. et al. Biocompatible, stretchable, and compressible cellulose/MXene hydrogel for strain sensor and electromagnetic interference shielding. Soft Mater., in press, https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2022.2081580.
59

Udoetok, I. A.; Dimmick, R. M.; Wilson, L. D.; Headley, J. V. Adsorption properties of cross-linked cellulose-epichlorohydrin polymers in aqueous solution. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016, 136, 329–340.
DOI Google Scholar
60

Wu, S. Q.; Chen, D. M.; Han, W. B.; Xie, Y. S.; Zhao, G. D.; Dong, S.; Tan, M. Y.; Huang, H.; Xu, S. B.; Chen, G. Q. et al. Ultralight and hydrophobic MXene/chitosan-derived hybrid carbon aerogel with hierarchical pore structure for durable electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal insulation. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 446, 137093.
DOI Google Scholar
61

Zhao, X.; Guo, D. M.; An, Q. D.; Bo, S. F.; Xiao, Z. Y.; Cai, W. J.; Wang, H. S.; Zhai, S. R.; Li, Z. C. Hierarchical nitrogen/cobalt co-doped carbonaceous materials with electromagnetic waves absorption promoting nanostructures. J. Alloys Compd. 2020, 822, 153666.
DOI Google Scholar
62

Xu, X. W.; Jerca, V. V.; Hoogenboom, R. Bioinspired double network hydrogels: From covalent double network hydrogels via hybrid double network hydrogels to physical double network hydrogels. Mater. Horiz. 2021, 8, 1173–1188.
DOI Google Scholar
63

Wu, S. W.; Hua, M. T.; Alsaid, Y.; Du, Y. J.; Ma, Y. F.; Zhao, Y. S.; Lo, C. Y.; Wang, C. R.; Wu, D.; Yao, B. W. et al. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with broad-range tunable mechanical properties via the hofmeister effect. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2007829.
DOI Google Scholar
64

Chen, J. W.; Wang, J. W.; Ji, K. Y.; Jiang, B.; Cui, X.; Sha, W.; Wang, B. J.; Dai, X. H.; Hua, Q. L.; Wan, L. Y. et al. Flexible, stretchable, and transparent InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells/polyacrylamide hydrogel-based light emitting diodes. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 5492–5499.
DOI Google Scholar
65

Zou, J.; Wu, S. Q.; Chen, J.; Lei, X. J.; Li, Q. H.; Yu, H.; Tang, S.; Ye, D. D. Highly efficient and environmentally friendly fabrication of robust, programmable, and biocompatible anisotropic, all-cellulose, wrinkle-patterned hydrogels for cell alignment. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1904762.
DOI Google Scholar
66

Zeng, Z. H.; Chen, M. J.; Pei, Y. M.; Shahabadi, S. I. S.; Che, B. Y.; Wang, P. Y.; Lu, X. H. Ultralight and flexible polyurethane/silver nanowire nanocomposites with unidirectional pores for highly effective electromagnetic shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 32211–32219.
DOI Google Scholar
67

Zhou, Q. Y.; Lyu, J.; Wang, G.; Robertson, M.; Qiang, Z.; Sun, B.; Ye, C. H.; Zhu, M. F. Mechanically strong and multifunctional hybrid hydrogels with ultrahigh electrical conductivity. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2104536.
DOI Google Scholar
68

Yang, W. X.; Shao, B. W.; Liu, T. Y.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Huang, R.; Chen, F.; Fu, Q. Robust and mechanically and electrically self-healing hydrogel for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 8245–8257.
DOI Google Scholar
69

Zeng, Z. H.; Wang, C. X.; Siqueira, G.; Han, D. X.; Huch, A.; Abdolhosseinzadeh, S.; Heier, J.; Nüesch, F.; Zhang, C. F.; Nyström, G. Nanocellulose-MXene biomimetic aerogels with orientation-tunable electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Adv. Sci. 2020, 7, 2000979.
DOI Google Scholar
70
Wei, J. J.; Zhu, C. L.; Zeng, Z. H.; Pan, F.; Wan, F. Q.; Lei, L. W.; Nyström, G.; Fu, Z. Y. Bioinspired cellulose-integrated MXene-based hydrogels for multifunctional sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding. Interdiscip. Mater., in press, https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.12026.
71

Yu, Y. H.; Yi, P.; Xu, W. B.; Sun, X.; Deng, G.; Liu, X. F.; Shui, J. L.; Yu, R. H. Environmentally tough and stretchable MXene organohydrogel with exceptionally enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding performances. Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 77.
DOI Google Scholar
72

Lu, B. Y.; Yuk, H.; Lin, S. T.; Jian, N. N.; Qu, K.; Xu, J. K.; Zhao, X. H. Pure PEDOT: PSS hydrogels. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 1043.
DOI Google Scholar
73

Sarkar, B.; Li, X. D.; Quenneville, E.; Carignan, L. P.; Wu, K.; Cicoira, F. Lightweight and flexible conducting polymer sponges and hydrogels for electromagnetic interference shielding. J. Mater. Chem. C 2021, 9, 16558–16565.
DOI Google Scholar
74

Feig, V. R.; Tran, H.; Lee, M.; Bao, Z. A. Mechanically tunable conductive interpenetrating network hydrogels that mimic the elastic moduli of biological tissue. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2740.
DOI Google Scholar
75

Wang, J.; Li, Q.; Li, K. C.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y. Z.; Zhuang, T. T.; Yan, J. J.; Wang, H. Ultra-high electrical conductivity in filler-free polymeric hydrogels toward thermoelectrics and electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, e2109904.
DOI Google Scholar
76

Liu, J.; McKeon, L.; Garcia, J.; Pinilla, S.; Barwich, S.; Möbius, M.; Stamenov, P.; Coleman, J. N.; Nicolosi, V. Additive manufacturing of Ti3C2-MXene-functionalized conductive polymer hydrogels for electromagnetic-interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2106253.
DOI Google Scholar
77

Chen, Z.; Chen, Y. J.; Hedenqvist, M. S.; Chen, C.; Cai, C.; Li, H.; Liu, H. Z.; Fu, J. Multifunctional conductive hydrogels and their applications as smart wearable devices. J. Mater. Chem. B 2021, 9, 2561–2583.
DOI Google Scholar
78

Zhang, W.; Feng, P.; Chen, J.; Sun, Z. M.; Zhao, B. X. Electrically conductive hydrogels for flexible energy storage systems. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2019, 88, 220–240.
DOI Google Scholar
79

Huang, X.; Wang, L. B.; Shen, Z. H.; Ren, J. F.; Chen, G. X.; Li, Q. F.; Zhou, Z. Super-stretchable and self-healing hydrogel with a three-dimensional silver nanowires network structure for wearable sensor and electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 446, 137136.
DOI Google Scholar
80

Xiang, M.; Niu, H. W.; Qin, S.; Yang, R. M.; Lin, W.; Zhou, S. L.; Yang, Z.; Dong, S. Modification of graphene by polypyrrole and ionic liquids for dual-band electromagnetic interference shielding hydrogels. J. Mater. Sci. 2022, 57, 10983–10996.
DOI Google Scholar
81

Guo, Z. Y.; Li, Y. Y.; Jin, P.; Zhang, T. T.; Zhao, Y. B.; Ai, Y. Q.; Xiu, H.; Zhang, Q.; Fu, Q. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MXene biomimetic aerogels with tunable mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding performance controlled by pore structure. Polymer 2021, 230, 124101.
DOI Google Scholar
82

Wang, X. H.; Bao, S.; Hu, F. Y.; Shang, S. Y.; Chen, Y. Q.; Zhao, N.; Zhang, R.; Zhao, B.; Fan, B. B. The effect of honeycomb pore size on the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of multifunctional 3D honeycomb-like Ag/Ti3C2Tx hybrid structures. Ceram. Int. 2022, 48, 16892–16900.
DOI Google Scholar
83

Yang, X. T.; Fan, S. G.; Li, Y.; Guo, Y. Q.; Li, Y. G.; Ruan, K. P.; Zhang, S. M.; Zhang, J. L.; Kong, J.; Gu, J. W. Synchronously improved electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal conductivity for epoxy nanocomposites by constructing 3D copper nanowires/thermally annealed graphene aerogel framework. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2020, 128, 105670.
DOI Google Scholar
84

Liang, C. L.; Qiu, H.; Han, Y. Y.; Gu, H. B.; Song, P.; Wang, L.; Kong, J.; Cao, D. P.; Gu, J. W. Superior electromagnetic interference shielding 3D graphene nanoplatelets/reduced graphene oxide foam/epoxy nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity. J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 2725–2733.
DOI Google Scholar
85

Liang, C. B.; Qiu, H.; Song, P.; Shi, X. T.; Kong, J.; Gu, J. W. Ultra-light MXene aerogel/wood-derived porous carbon composites with wall-like “mortar/brick” structures for electromagnetic interference shielding. Sci. Bull. 2020, 65, 616–622.
DOI Google Scholar
86

Yu, Z.; Dai, T. W.; Yuan, S. W.; Zou, H. W.; Liu, P. B. Electromagnetic interference shielding performance of anisotropic polyimide/graphene composite aerogels. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 30990–31001.
DOI Google Scholar
87

Sambyal, P.; Iqbal, A.; Hong, J.; Kim, H.; Kim, M. K.; Hong, S. M.; Han, M. K.; Gogotsi, Y.; Koo, C. M. Ultralight and mechanically robust Ti3C2Tx hybrid aerogel reinforced by carbon nanotubes for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 38046–38054.
DOI Google Scholar
88

Fu, P. P.; Huan, X. H.; Luo, J. T.; Ren, S. J.; Jia, X. L.; Yang, X. P. Magnetically aligned Fe3O4 nanowires-reduced graphene oxide for gas barrier, microwave absorption, and EMI shielding. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020, 3, 9340–9355.
DOI Google Scholar
89

Pan, D.; Yang, G.; Abo-Dief, H. M.; Dong, J. W.; Su, F. M.; Liu, C. T.; Li, Y. F.; Xu, B. B.; Murugadoss, V.; Naik, N. et al. Vertically aligned silicon carbide nanowires/boron nitride cellulose aerogel networks enhanced thermal conductivity and electromagnetic absorbing of epoxy composites. Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 118.
DOI Google Scholar
90

Zhang, Y.; Xu, M. K.; Wang, Z. G.; Zhao, T. Y.; Liu, L. X.; Zhang, H. B.; Yu, Z. Z. Strong and conductive reduced graphene oxide-MXene porous films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 4916–4924.
DOI Google Scholar
91

Li, X. H.; Liu, P. F.; Li, X. F.; An, F.; Min, P.; Liao, K. N.; Yu, Z. Z. Vertically aligned, ultralight and highly compressive all-graphitized graphene aerogels for highly thermally conductive polymer composites. Carbon 2018, 140, 624–633.
DOI Google Scholar
92

Li, M. M.; Han, F. Y.; Jiang, S.; Zhang, M. L.; Xu, Q. Y.; Zhu, J. H.; Ge, A. X.; Liu, L. F. Lightweight cellulose nanofibril/reduced graphene oxide aerogels with unidirectional pores for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 8, 2101437.
DOI Google Scholar
93

Wu, X. Y.; Han, B. Y.; Zhang, H. B.; Xie, X.; Tu, T. X.; Zhang, Y.; Dai, Y.; Yang, R.; Yu, Z. Z. Compressible, durable and conductive polydimethylsiloxane-coated MXene foams for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 381, 122622.
DOI Google Scholar
94

Chithra, A.; Wilson, P.; Vijayan, S.; Rajeev, R.; Prabhakaran, K. Carbon foams with low thermal conductivity and high EMI shielding effectiveness from sawdust. Ind. Crops. Prod. 2020, 145, 112076.
DOI Google Scholar
95

Li, M. Z.; Jia, L. C.; Zhang, X. P.; Yan, D. X.; Zhang, Q. C.; Li, Z. M. Robust carbon nanotube foam for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2018, 530, 113–119.
DOI Google Scholar
96

Munier, P.; Gordeyeva, K.; Bergström, L.; Fall, A. B. Directional freezing of nanocellulose dispersions aligns the rod-like particles and produces low-density and robust particle networks. Biomacromolecules 2016, 17, 1875–1881.
DOI Google Scholar
97

Zhang, H. F.; Hussain, I.; Brust, M.; Butler, M. F.; Rannard, S. P.; Cooper, A. I. Aligned two-and three-dimensional structures by directional freezing of polymers and nanoparticles. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 787–793.
DOI Google Scholar
98

Kuang, J.; Liu, L. Q.; Gao, Y.; Zhou, D.; Chen, Z.; Han, B. H.; Zhang, Z. A hierarchically structured graphene foam and its potential as a large-scale strain-gauge sensor. Nanoscale 2013, 5, 12171–12177.
DOI Google Scholar
99

Xu, Y. D.; Lin, Z. Q.; Yang, Y. Q.; Duan, H. J.; Zhao, G. Z.; Liu, Y. Q.; Hu, Y. G.; Sun, R.; Wong, C. P. Integration of efficient microwave absorption and shielding in a multistage composite foam with progressive conductivity modular design. Mater. Horiz. 2022, 9, 708–719.
DOI Google Scholar
100

Zhao, B.; Bai, P. W.; Wang, S.; Ji, H. Y.; Fan, B. B.; Zhang, R.; Che, R. C. High-performance joule heating and electromagnetic shielding properties of anisotropic carbon scaffolds. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 29101–29112.
DOI Google Scholar
101

Xiong, Z. C.; Zhu, Y. J.; Wang, Z. Y.; Chen, Y. Q.; Yu, H. P. Tree-inspired ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires-based multifunctional aerogel with vertically aligned channels for continuous flow catalysis, water disinfection, and solar energy-driven water purification. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2106978.
DOI Google Scholar
102

Zeng, Z. H.; Mavrona, E.; Sacré, D.; Kummer, N.; Cao, J. M.; Mueller, L. A. E.; Hack, E.; Zolliker, P.; Nyström, G. Terahertz birefringent biomimetic aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers and conductive nanomaterials. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 7451–7462.
DOI Google Scholar
103

Bian, R. J.; He, G. L.; Zhi, W. Q.; Xiang, S. L.; Wang, T. W.; Cai, D. Y. Ultralight MXene-based aerogels with high electromagnetic interference shielding performance. J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 474–478.
DOI Google Scholar
104

Chen, Y. M.; Zhang, L.; Mei, C. T.; Li, Y.; Duan, G. G.; Agarwal, S.; Greiner, A.; Ma, C. X.; Jiang, S. H. Wood-inspired anisotropic cellulose nanofibril composite sponges for multifunctional applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 35513–35522.
DOI Google Scholar
105

Jin, L. Y.; Wang, P.; Cao, W. J.; Song, N.; Ding, P. Isolated solid wall-assisted thermal conductive performance of three-dimensional anisotropic MXene/graphene polymeric composites. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 14, 1747–1756.
DOI Google Scholar
106

Li, X. H.; Li, X. F.; Liao, K. N.; Min, P.; Liu, T.; Dasari, A.; Yu, Z. Z. Thermally annealed anisotropic graphene aerogels and their electrically conductive epoxy composites with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding efficiencies. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 33230–33239.
DOI Google Scholar
107

Tetik, H.; Orangi, J.; Yang, G.; Zhao, K. R.; Bin Mujib, S.; Singh, G.; Beidaghi, M.; Lin, D. 3D printed MXene aerogels with truly 3D macrostructure and highly engineered microstructure for enhanced electrical and electrochemical performance. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2104980.
DOI Google Scholar
108

Song, J. W.; Chen, C. J.; Yang, Z.; Kuang, Y. D.; Li, T.; Li, Y. J.; Huang, H.; Kierzewski, I.; Liu, B. Y.; He, S. M. et al. Highly compressible, anisotropic aerogel with aligned cellulose nanofibers. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 140–147.
DOI Google Scholar
109

Yuan, Y.; Sun, X. X.; Yang, M. L.; Xu, F.; Lin, Z. S.; Zhao, X.; Ding, Y. J.; Li, J. J.; Yin, W. L.; Peng, Q. Y. et al. Stiff, thermally stable and highly anisotropic wood-derived carbon composite monoliths for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 21371–21381.
DOI Google Scholar
110

Zhao, S.; Zhang, H. B.; Luo, J. Q.; Wang, Q. W.; Xu, B.; Hong, S.; Yu, Z. Z. Highly electrically conductive three-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene/reduced graphene oxide hybrid aerogels with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performances. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 11193–11202.
DOI Google Scholar
111

Huang, S.; Wang, L.; Li, Y. C.; Liang, C. B.; Zhang, J. L. Novel Ti3C2Tx MXene/epoxy intumescent fire-retardant coatings for ancient wooden architectures. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021, 138, 50649.
DOI Google Scholar
112

Gao, W. W.; Zhao, N. F.; Yu, T.; Xi, J. B.; Mao, A. R.; Yuan, M. Q.; Bai, H.; Gao, C. High-efficiency electromagnetic interference shielding realized in nacre-mimetic graphene/polymer composite with extremely low graphene loading. Carbon 2020, 157, 570–577.
DOI Google Scholar
113

Song, P.; Ma, Z. L.; Qiu, H.; Ru, Y. F.; Gu, J. W. High-efficiency electromagnetic interference shielding of rGO@FeNi/epoxy composites with regular honeycomb structures. Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 51.
DOI Google Scholar
114
Liu, P. B.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, G. Z.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, R. X.; Liu, X. H.; Zhang, X. F.; Che, R. C. Hierarchical engineering of double-shelled nanotubes toward hetero-interfaces induced polarization and microscale magnetic interaction. Adv. Funct. Mater., in press, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202202588.
115

Li, C.; Qi, X. S.; Gong, X.; Peng, Q.; Chen, Y. L.; Xie, R.; Zhong, W. Magnetic-dielectric synergy and interfacial engineering to design yolk–shell structured CoNi@void@C and CoNi@void@C@MoS2 nanocomposites with tunable and strong wideband microwave absorption. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 6761–6771.
DOI Google Scholar
116

Liu, P. B.; Gao, S.; Zhang, G. Z.; Huang, Y.; You, W. B.; Che, R. C. Hollow engineering to Co@N-doped carbon nanocages via synergistic protecting-etching strategy for ultrahigh microwave absorption. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2102812.
DOI Google Scholar
117

Li, C.; Li, Z. H.; Qi, X. S.; Gong, X.; Chen, Y. L.; Peng, Q.; Deng, C. Y.; Jing, T.; Zhong, W. A generalizable strategy for constructing ultralight three-dimensional hierarchical network heterostructure as high-efficient microwave absorber. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2022, 605, 13–22.
DOI Google Scholar
118

Zeng, Z. H.; Wang, C. X.; Zhang, Y. F.; Wang, P. Y.; Shahabadi, S. I. S.; Pei, Y. M.; Chen, M. J.; Lu, X. H. Ultralight and highly elastic graphene/lignin-derived carbon nanocomposite aerogels with ultrahigh electromagnetic interference shielding performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 8205–8213.
DOI Google Scholar
119

Fei, Y.; Liang, M.; Yan, L. W.; Chen, Y.; Zou, H. W. Co/C@cellulose nanofiber aerogel derived from metal-organic frameworks for highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 392, 124815.
DOI Google Scholar
120

Wang, L.; Song, P.; Lin, C. T.; Kong, J.; Gu, J. W. 3D shapeable, superior electrically conductive cellulose nanofibers/Ti3C2Tx MXene aerogels/epoxy nanocomposites for promising EMI shielding. Research 2020, 2020, 4093732.
DOI Google Scholar
121

Xu, H. X.; Zhang, G. Z.; Wang, Y.; Ning, M. Q.; Ouyang, B.; Zhao, Y.; Huang, Y.; Liu, P. B. Size-dependent oxidation-induced phase engineering for MOFs derivatives via spatial confinement strategy toward enhanced microwave absorption. Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 102.
DOI Google Scholar
122

Zhang, J. J.; Qi, X. S.; Gong, X.; Peng, Q.; Chen, Y. L.; Xie, R.; Zhong, W. Microstructure optimization of core@shell structured MSe2/FeSe2@MoSe2 (M = Co, Ni) flower-like multicomponent nanocomposites towards high-efficiency microwave absorption. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2022, 128, 59–70.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 21 June 2022
Revised: 19 July 2022
Accepted: 24 July 2022
Published: 18 August 2022
Issue date: October 2022

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Shandong (Nos. 2019JZZY010312 and 2021ZLGX01), New 20 Funded Programs for Universities of Jinan (No. 2021GXRC036), and Shenzhen municipal special fund for guiding local scientific and technological development (No. China 2021Szvup071).

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Return