Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
Search articles, authors, keywords, DOl and etc.
Metal-based atomically dispersed catalysts have attracted more attention because of their excellent catalytic performance and nearly 100% atom utilization. Therefore, it is very important to comprehensively and systematically understand the relationship between catalytic active sites and catalytic performance at atomic scale. Here, we discuss and summarize in detail the key and fundamental factors affecting the active site, and relate them to the catalytic performance. First, we describe the effectiveness of active site design by coordination effects. Then, the role of chemical bonds in the active sites in changing the reaction performance is discussed. In addition, for intermetallic compounds, we explore how the spacing of active atoms affects the catalytic behavior. Moreover, the importance of synergistic effect in catalyst design is further discussed. Finally, the key parameters affecting the catalytic performance at atomic scale are summarized, and the main challenges and development prospects of atomic catalysts in the future are put forward.
Studt, F.; Abild-Pedersen, F.; Bligaard, T.; Sørensen, R. Z.; Christensen, C. H.; Nørskov, J. K. Identification of non-precious metal alloy catalysts for selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Science 2008, 320, 1320–1322.
Abe, H.; Liu, J.; Ariga, K. Catalytic nanoarchitectonics for environmentally compatible energy generation. Mater. Today 2016, 19, 12–18.
Han, A. L.; Zhou, X. F.; Wang, X. J.; Liu, S.; Xiong, Q. H.; Zhang, Q. H.; Gu, L.; Zhuang, Z. C.; Zhang, W. J.; Li, F. X. et al. One-step synthesis of single-site vanadium substitution in 1T-WS2 monolayers for enhanced hydrogen evolution catalysis. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 709.
Liu, Y. W.; Wu, X.; Li, Z.; Zhang, J.; Liu, S. X.; Liu, S. J.; Gu, L.; Zheng, L. R.; Li, J.; Wang, D. S. et al. Fabricating polyoxometalates-stabilized single-atom site catalysts in confined space with enhanced activity for alkynes diboration. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 4205.
Zhang, N. Q.; Zhang, X. X.; Kang, Y. K.; Ye, C. L.; Jin, R.; Yan, H.; Lin, R.; Yang, J. R.; Xu, Q.; Wang, Y. et al. A supported Pd2 dual-atom site catalyst for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 133, 13500–13505.
Li, Z. J.; Wei, W.; Li, H. H.; Li, S. H.; Leng, L. P.; Zhang, M. Y.; Horton, J. H.; Wang, D. S.; Sun, W. W.; Guo, C. M. et al. Low-temperature synthesis of single palladium atoms supported on defective hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet for chemoselective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 10175–10184.
Qin, R. X.; Liu, P. X.; Fu, G.; Zheng, N. F. Strategies for stabilizing atomically dispersed metal catalysts. Small Methods 2018, 2, 1700286.
Liu, J. Y. Catalysis by supported single metal atoms. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 34–59.
Lang, R.; Du, X. R.; Huang, Y. K.; Jiang, X. Z.; Zhang, Q.; Guo, Y. L.; Liu, K. P.; Qiao, B. T.; Wang, A. Q.; Zhang, T. Single-atom catalysts based on the metal-oxide interaction. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 11986–12043.
Yang, J. R.; Li, W. H.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Electronic metal–support interaction of single-atom catalysts and applications in electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2003300.
Yang, X. F.; Wang, A. Q.; Qiao, B. T.; Li, J.; Liu, J. Y.; Zhang, T. Single-atom catalysts: A new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 1740–1748.
Jeong, H.; Shin, S.; Lee, H. Heterogeneous atomic catalysts overcoming the limitations of single-atom catalysts. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 14355–14374.
Lu, X. F.; Xia, B. Y.; Zang, S. Q.; Lou, X. W. D. Metal-organic frameworks based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 4634–4650.
Wang, X.; Zhang, Y. W.; Wu, J.; Zhang, Z.; Liao, Q. L.; Kang, Z.; Zhang, Y. Single-atom engineering to ignite 2D transition metal dichalcogenide based catalysis: Fundamentals, progress, and beyond. Chem. Rev. 2021, 122, 1273–1348.
Yang, J. R.; Li, W. H.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Single-atom materials: Small structures determine macroproperties. Small Struct. 2021, 2, 2000051.
Li, R. Z.; Wang, D. S. Superiority of dual-atom catalysts in electrocatalysis: One step further than single-atom catalysts. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12, 2103564.
Sun, M. Z.; Wong, H. H.; Wu, T.; Dougherty, A. W.; Huang, B. L. Entanglement of spatial and energy segmentation for C1 pathways in CO2 reduction on carbon skeleton supported atomic catalysts. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12, 2103781.
Qiao, B. T.; Wang, A. Q.; Yang, X. F.; Allard, L. F.; Jiang, Z.; Cui, Y. T.; Liu, J. Y.; Li, J.; Zhang, T. Single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation using Pt1/FeOx. Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 634–641.
Chen, Y. J.; Ji, S. F.; Chen, C.; Peng, Q.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Single-atom catalysts: Synthetic strategies and electrochemical applications. Joule 2018, 2, 1242–1264.
Chen, S. H.; Li, W. H.; Jiang, W. J.; Yang, J. R.; Zhu, J. X.; Wang, L. Q.; Ou, H. H.; Zhuang, Z. C.; Chen, M. Z.; Sun, X. H. et al. MOF encapsulating N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated copper single-atom site catalyst towards efficient methane electrosynthesis. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 61, e202114450.
Tian, S. B.; Hu, M.; Xu, Q.; Gong, W. B.; Chen, W. X.; Yang, J. R.; Zhu, Y. Q.; Chen, C.; He, J.; Liu, Q. et al. Single-atom Fe with Fe1N3 structure showing superior performances for both hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Sci. China Mater. 2021, 64, 642–650.
Li, W. H.; Yang, J. R.; Jing, H. Y.; Zhang, J.; Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Zhao, J.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Creating high regioselectivity by electronic metal–support interaction of a single-atomic-site catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 15453–15461.
Parastaev, A.; Muravev, V.; Osta, E. H.; Van Hoof, A. J. F.; Kimpel, T. F.; Kosinov, N.; Hensen, E. J. M. Boosting CO2 hydrogenation via size-dependent metal–support interactions in cobalt/ceria-based catalysts. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3, 526–533.
Liu, Y. W.; Wang, B. X.; Fu, Q.; Liu, W.; Wang, Y.; Gu, L.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework as molecular sieve for highly selective semi-hydrogenation of acetylene on isolated single Pd atom sites. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 22522–22528.
Cui, T. T.; Ma, L. N.; Wang, S. B.; Ye, C. L.; Liang, X.; Zhang, Z. D.; Meng, G.; Zheng, L. R.; Hu, H. S.; Zhang, J. W. et al. Atomically dispersed Pt-N3C1 sites enabling efficient and selective electrocatalytic C–C bond cleavage in lignin models under ambient conditions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 9429–9439.
Han, Y. H.; Dai, J.; Xu, R. R.; Ai, W. Y.; Zheng, L. R.; Wang, Y.; Yan, W. S.; Chen, W. X.; Luo, J.; Liu, Q. et al. Notched-polyoxometalate strategy to fabricate atomically dispersed Ru catalysts for biomass conversion. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 2669–2675.
Ren, C. J.; Wen, L.; Magagula, S.; Jiang, Q. Y.; Lin, W.; Zhang, Y. F.; Chen, Z. F.; Ding, K. N. Relative efficacy of Co-X4 embedded graphene (X = N, S, B, and P) electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction: Is nitrogen really the best choice? ChemCatChem 2020, 12, 536–543.
Yang, J. R.; Li, W. H.; Tan, S. D.; Xu, K. N.; Wang, Y.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. The electronic metal–support interaction directing the design of single atomic site catalysts: Achieving high efficiency towards hydrogen evolution. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 19085–19091.
Zhang, N. Q.; Zhang, X. X.; Tao, L.; Jiang, P.; Ye, C. L.; Lin, R.; Huang, Z. W.; Li, A.; Pang, D. W.; Yan, H. et al. Silver single-atom catalyst for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction synthesized from thermal transformation and surface reconstruction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 6170–6176.
Zhuang, Z. C.; Kang, Q.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Single-atom catalysis enables long-life, high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 1856–1866.
Wang, Y.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Rational design of single-atom site electrocatalysts: From theoretical understandings to practical applications. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008151.
Zheng, X. B.; Li, P.; Dou, S. X.; Sun, W. P.; Pan, H. G.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Non-carbon-supported single-atom site catalysts for electrocatalysis. Energy Environ. Sci. 2021, 14, 2809–2858.
Li, W. H.; Yang, J. R.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Striding the threshold of an atom era of organic synthesis by single-atom catalysis. Chem 2022, 8, 119–140.
Liu, Z. H.; Du, Y.; Zhang, P. F.; Zhuang, Z. C.; Wang, D. S. Bringing catalytic order out of chaos with nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon. Matter 2021, 4, 3161–3194.
Huang, H. W.; Jung, H.; Li, S. F.; Kim, S.; Han, J. W.; Lee, J. Activation of inert copper for significantly enhanced hydrogen evolution behaviors by trace ruthenium doping. Nano Energy 2022, 92, 106763.
Zhang, E. H.; Tao, L.; An, J. K.; Zhang, J. W.; Meng, L. Z.; Zheng, X. B.; Wang, Y.; Li, N.; Du, S. X.; Zhang, J. T. et al. Engineering the local atomic environments of indium single-atom catalysts for efficient electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202117347.
Jiang, Z. L.; Sun, W. M.; Shang, H. S.; Chen, W. X.; Sun, T. T.; Li, H. J.; Dong, J. C.; Zhou, J.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y. et al. Atomic interface effect of a single atom copper catalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reactions. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 3508–3514.
Yuan, K.; Lützenkirchen-Hecht, D.; Li, L. B.; Shuai, L.; Li, Y. Z.; Cao, R.; Qiu, M.; Zhuang, X. D.; Leung, M. K. H.; Chen, Y. W. et al. Boosting oxygen reduction of single iron active sites via geometric and electronic engineering: Nitrogen and phosphorus dual coordination. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 2404–2412.
Chen, W. M.; Jin, H. Q.; He, F.; Cui, P. X.; Cao, C. Y.; Song, W. G. Dynamic evolution of nitrogen and oxygen dual-coordinated single atomic copper catalyst during partial oxidation of benzene to phenol. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 3017–3025.
Huang, Q. E.; Wang, B. L.; Ye, S.; Liu, H.; Chi, H. B.; Liu, X. Y.; Fan, H. J.; Li, M. R.; Ding, C. M.; Li, Z. et al. Relation between water oxidation activity and coordination environment of C, N-coordinated mononuclear Co catalyst. ACS Catal. 2021, 12, 491–496.
Li, M.; Wang, M. M.; Liu, D. Y.; Pan, Y.; Liu, S. J.; Sun, K. A.; Chen, Y. J.; Zhu, H. Y.; Guo, W. Y.; Li, Y. P. et al. Atomically-dispersed NiN4-Cl active sites with axial Ni-Cl coordination for accelerating electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10, 6007–6015.
Li, X. Y.; Rong, H. P.; Zhang, J. T.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Modulating the local coordination environment of single-atom catalysts for enhanced catalytic performance. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 1842–1855.
Huang, Y. S.; Li, K.; Yang, G. H.; Aboud, M. F. A.; Shakir, I.; Xu, Y. X. Ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon layer uniformly supported on graphene frameworks as ultrahigh-capacity anode for lithium-ion full battery. Small 2018, 14, 1703969.
Peng, H.; Ma, G. F.; Sun, K. J.; Zhang, Z. G.; Yang, Q.; Ran, F. T.; Lei, Z. Q. A facile and rapid preparation of highly crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene-like nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 13210–13214.
Zhou, D. D.; Li, W. Y.; Dong, X. L.; Wang, Y. G.; Wang, C. X.; Xia, Y. Y. A nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon nanofiber array for supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 8488–8496.
Yang, M.; Zhou, Z. Recent breakthroughs in supercapacitors boosted by nitrogen-rich porous carbon materials. Adv. Sci. 2017, 4, 1600408.
Cheong, W. C.; Yang, W. J.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.; Zhao, D.; Liu, S. J.; Wu, K. L.; Liu, Q. G.; Zhang, C.; Wang, D. S. et al. Isolated iron single-atomic site-catalyzed chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to arylamines. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 33819–33824.
Zhang, H. N.; Li, J.; Xi, S. B.; Du, Y. H.; Hai, X.; Wang, J. Y.; Xu, H. M.; Wu, G.; Zhang, J.; Lu, J. et al. A graphene-supported single-atom FeN5 catalytic site for efficient electrochemical CO2 Reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 14871–14876.
Jing, H. Y.; Zhu, P.; Zheng, X. B.; Zhang, Z. D.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Theory-oriented screening and discovery of advanced energy transformation materials in electrocatalysis. Adv. Powder Mater. 2022, 1, 100013.
Wang, Y.; Zheng, X. B.; Wang, D. S. Design concept for electrocatalysts. Nano Res. 2021, 15, 1730–1752.
He, Y. H.; Shi, Q. R.; Shan, W. T.; Li, X.; Kropf, A. J.; Wegener, E. C.; Wright, J.; Karakalos, S.; Su, D.; Cullen, D. A. et al. Dynamically unveiling metal-nitrogen coordination during thermal activation to design high-efficient atomically dispersed CoN4 active sites. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 9516–9526.
Liu, D. B.; Li, X. Y.; Chen, S. M.; Yan, H.; Wang, C. D.; Wu, C. Q.; Haleem, Y. A.; Duan, S.; Lu, J. L.; Ge, B. H. et al. Atomically dispersed platinum supported on curved carbon supports for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 512–518.
Wang, X. L.; Xiao, H.; Li, A.; Li, Z.; Liu, S. J.; Zhang, Q. H.; Gong, Y.; Zheng, L. R.; Zhu, Y. Q.; Chen, C. et al. Constructing NiCo/Fe3O4 heteroparticles within MOF-74 for efficient oxygen evolution reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 15336–15341.
Mohd Adli, N.; Shan, W. T.; Hwang, S.; Samarakoon, W.; Karakalos, S.; Li, Y.; Cullen, D. A.; Su, D.; Feng, Z. X.; Wang, G. F. et al. Engineering atomically dispersed FeN4 active sites for CO2 electroreduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 1022–1032.
Yang, J.; Wang, Z. Y.; Huang, C. X.; Zhang, Y. D.; Zhang, Q. H.; Chen, C.; Du, J. Y.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, H. et al. Compressive strain modulation of single iron sites on helical carbon support boosts electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 22722–22728.
Li, H. J.; Li, Y. D.; Koper, M. T. M.; Calle-Vallejo, F. Bond-making and breaking between carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in electrocatalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 15694–15701.
Sun, G. D.; Zhao, Z. J.; Mu, R. T.; Zha, S.; Li, L. L.; Chen, S.; Zang, K. T.; Luo, J.; Li, Z. L.; Purdy, S. C. et al. Breaking the scaling relationship via thermally stable Pt/Cu single atom alloys for catalytic dehydrogenation. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 4454.
Calle-Vallejo, F.; Loffreda, D.; Koper, M. T. M.; Sautet, P. Introducing structural sensitivity into adsorption-energy scaling relations by means of coordination numbers. Nat. Chem. 2015, 7, 403–410.
Hong, X.; Chan, K.; Tsai, C.; Nørskov, J. K. How doped MoS2 breaks transition-metal scaling relations for CO2 electrochemical reduction. ACS Catal. 2016, 6, 4428–4437.
Hannagan, R. T.; Giannakakis, G.; Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M.; Sykes, E. C. H. Single-atom alloy catalysis. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 12044–12088.
Li, S. W.; Miao, P.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Wu, J.; Zhang, B.; Du, Y. C.; Han, X. J.; Sun, J. M.; Xu, P. Recent advances in plasmonic nanostructures for enhanced photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2000086.
Wang, Y.; Zheng, M.; Li, Y. R.; Ye, C. L.; Chen, J.; Ye, J. Y.; Zhang, Q. H.; Li, J.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Fu, X. Z. et al. p-d orbital hybridization induced by a monodispersed Ga site on a Pt3Mn nanocatalyst boosts ethanol electrooxidation. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202115735.
Hou, C. C.; Wang, H. F.; Li, C.; Xu, Q. From metal-organic frameworks to single/dual-atom and cluster metal catalysts for energy applications. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 1658–1693.
Liu, M. M.; Wang, L. L.; Zhao, K. N.; Shi, S. S.; Shao, Q. S.; Zhang, L.; Sun, X. L.; Zhao, Y. F.; Zhang, J. J. Atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Synthesis, characterization, reaction mechanisms and electrochemical energy applications. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 2890–2923.
Zhang, W. Y.; Chao, Y. G.; Zhang, W. S.; Zhou, J. H.; Lv, F.; Wang, K.; Lin, F. X.; Luo, H.; Li, J.; Tong, M. P. et al. Emerging dual-atomic-site catalysts for efficient energy catalysis. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2102576.
Cui, T. T.; Wang, Y. P.; Ye, T.; Wu, J.; Chen, Z. Q.; Li, J.; Lei, Y. P.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Engineering dual single-atom sites on 2D ultrathin N-doped carbon nanosheets attaining ultra-low-temperature zinc-air battery. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 134, e202115219.
Li, R. Z.; Luo, L.; Ma, X. L.; Wu, W. L.; Wang, M. L.; Zeng, J. Single atoms supported on metal oxides for energy catalysis. J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10, 5717–5742.
Ji, S. F.; Jiang, B.; Hao, H. G.; Chen, Y. J.; Dong, J. C.; Mao, Y.; Zhang, Z. D.; Gao, R.; Chen, W. X.; Zhang, R. F. et al. Matching the kinetics of natural enzymes with a single-atom iron nanozyme. Nat. Catal. 2021, 4, 407–417.
Jia, Y. L.; Xue, Z. Q.; Yang, J.; Liu, Q. L.; Xian, J. H.; Zhong, Y. C.; Sun, Y. M.; Zhang, X. X.; Liu, Q. H.; Yao, D. X. et al. Tailoring the electronic structure of an atomically dispersed zinc electrocatalyst: Coordination environment regulation for high selectivity oxygen reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202110838.
Han, A. J.; Zhang, J.; Sun, W. M.; Chen, W. X.; Zhang, S. L.; Han, Y. H.; Feng, Q. C.; Zheng, L. R.; Gu, L.; Chen, C. et al. Isolating contiguous Pt atoms and forming Pt-Zn intermetallic nanoparticles to regulate selectivity in 4-nitrophenylacetylene hydrogenation. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3787.
Qiu, Y. J.; Zhang, J.; Jin, J.; Sun, J. Q.; Tang, H. L.; Chen, Q. Q.; Zhang, Z. D.; Sun, W. M.; Meng, G.; Xu, Q. et al. Construction of Pd-Zn dual sites to enhance the performance for ethanol electro-oxidation reaction. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 5273.
Shang, H. S.; Sun, W. M.; Sui, R.; Pei, J. J.; Zheng, L. R.; Dong, J. C.; Jiang, Z. L.; Zhou, D. N.; Zhuang, Z. B.; Chen, W. X. et al. Engineering isolated Mn-N2C2 atomic interface sites for efficient bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution reaction. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 5443–5450.
Xiong, Y.; Sun, W. M.; Xin, P. Y.; Chen, W. X.; Zheng, X. S.; Yan, W. S.; Zheng, L. R.; Dong, J. C.; Zhang, J.; Wang, D. S. et al. Gram-scale synthesis of high-loading single-atomic-site Fe catalysts for effective epoxidation of styrene. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2000896.
Sun, T. T.; Li, Y. L.; Cui, T. T.; Xu, L. B.; Wang, Y. G.; Chen, W. X.; Zhang, P. P.; Zheng, T. Y.; Fu, X. Z.; Zhang, S. L. et al. Engineering of coordination environment and multiscale structure in single-site copper catalyst for superior electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 6206–6214.
Li, Q. H.; Li, Z.; Zhang, Q. H.; Zheng, L. R.; Yan, W. S.; Liang, X.; Gu, L.; Chen, C.; Wang, D. S.; Peng, Q. et al. Porous γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle decorated with atomically dispersed platinum: Study on atomic site structural change and gas sensor activity evolution. Nano Res. 2021, 14, 1435–1442.
Li, J. Z.; Li, H.; Xie, W. F.; Li, S. J.; Song, Y. K.; Fan, K.; Lee, J. Y.; Shao, M. F. Flame-assisted synthesis of O-coordinated single-atom catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Small Methods 2022, 6, 2101324.
Ma, M. Z.; Huang, Z. A.; Doronkin, D. E.; Fa, W. J.; Rao, Z. Q.; Zou, Y. Z.; Wang, R.; Zhong, Y. Q.; Cao, Y. H.; Zhang, R. Y. et al. Ultrahigh surface density of Co-N2C single-atom-sites for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methanol. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2022, 300, 120695.
Wei, S. M.; Jiang, X. X.; He, C. Y.; Wang, S. Y.; Hu, Q.; Chai, X. Y.; Ren, X. Z.; Yang, H. P.; He, C. X. Construction of single-atom copper sites with low coordination number for efficient CO2 electroreduction to CH4. J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10, 6187–6192.
Luo, E. G.; Wang, C.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Gong, L. Y.; Zhao, T.; Jin, Z.; Ge, J. J.; Liu, C. P.; Xing, W. Accelerated oxygen reduction on Fe/N/C catalysts derived from precisely-designed ZIF precursors. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 2420–2426.
Tao, L.; Wang, Y. Q.; Zou, Y. Q.; Zhang, N. N.; Zhang, Y. Q.; Wu, Y. J.; Wang, Y. Y.; Chen, R.; Wang, S. Y. Charge transfer modulated activity of carbon-based electrocatalysts. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 1901227.
Wei, S. J.; Li, A.; Liu, J. C.; Li, Z.; Chen, W. X.; Gong, Y.; Zhang, Q. H.; Cheong, W. C.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, L. R. et al. Direct observation of noble metal nanoparticles transforming to thermally stable single atoms. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 856–861.
Ji, S. F.; Qu, Y.; Wang, T.; Chen, Y. J.; Wang, G. F.; Li, X.; Dong, J. C.; Chen, Q. Y.; Zhang, W. Y.; Zhang, Z. D. et al. Rare-earth single erbium atoms for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 10651–10657.
Fu, N. H.; Liang, X.; Li, Z.; Chen, W. X.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, L. R.; Zhang, Q. H.; Chen, C.; Wang, D. S.; Peng, Q. et al. Fabricating Pd isolated single atom sites on C3N4/rGO for heterogenization of homogeneous catalysis. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 947–951.
Zhang, Z. D.; Zhou, M.; Chen, Y. J.; Liu, S. J.; Wang, H. F.; Zhang, J.; Ji, S. F.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Pd single-atom monolithic catalyst: Functional 3D structure and unique chemical selectivity in hydrogenation reaction. Sci. China Mater. 2021, 64, 1919–1929.
Wang, Y. C.; Liu, Y.; Liu, W.; Wu, J.; Li, Q.; Feng, Q. G.; Chen, Z. Y.; Xiong, X.; Wang, D. S.; Lei, Y. P. Regulating the coordination structure of metal single atoms for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 4609–4624.
Chen, W. X.; Pei, J. J.; He, C. T.; Wan, J. W.; Ren, H. L.; Zhu, Y. Q.; Wang, Y.; Dong, J. C.; Tian, S. B.; Cheong, W. C. et al. Rational design of single molybdenum atoms anchored on N-doped carbon for effective hydrogen evolution reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 16086–16090.
Ren, Y. J.; Tang, Y.; Zhang, L. L.; Liu, X. Y.; Li, L.; Miao, S.; Sheng Su, D.; Wang, A. Q.; Li, J.; Zhang, T. Unraveling the coordination structure–performance relationship in Pt1/Fe2O3 single-atom catalyst. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 4500.
Sun, T. T.; Xu, L. B.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Metal organic frameworks derived single atom catalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion. Nano Res. 2019, 12, 2067–2080.
Zhang, N. Q.; Ye, C. L.; Yan, H.; Li, L. C.; He, H.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Single-atom site catalysts for environmental catalysis. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 3165–3182.
Tian, S. B.; Peng, C.; Dong, J. C.; Xu, Q.; Chen, Z.; Zhai, D.; Wang, Y.; Gu, L.; Hu, P.; Duan, H. H. et al. High-loading single-atomic-site silver catalysts with an Ag1-C2N1 structure showing superior performance for epoxidation of styrene. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 4946–4954.
Chen, Z.; Chen, Y. J.; Chao, S. L.; Dong, X. B.; Chen, W. X.; Luo, J.; Liu, C. G.; Wang, D. S.; Chen, C.; Li, W. et al. Single-atom AuI-N3 Site for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 1865–1870.
Chen, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, W. X.; Dong, J. C.; Yao, H. R.; Zhang, X. B.; Tong, X. J.; Wang, D. S.; Peng, Q.; Chen, C. et al. Single-site AuI catalyst for silane oxidation with water. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704720.
Jing, H. Y.; Liu, W.; Zhao, Z. Y.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhu, C.; Shi, Y. T.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Electronics and coordination engineering of atomic cobalt trapped by oxygen-driven defects for efficient cathode in solar cells. Nano Energy 2021, 89, 106365.
Pan, Y.; Chen, Y. J.; Wu, K. L.; Chen, Z.; Liu, S. J.; Cao, X.; Cheong, W. C.; Meng, T.; Luo, J.; Zheng, L. R. et al. Regulating the coordination structure of single-atom Fe-NxCy catalytic sites for benzene oxidation. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 4290.
Wang, X. Q.; Chen, Z.; Zhao, X. Y.; Yao, T.; Chen, W. X.; You, R.; Zhao, C. M.; Wu, G.; Wang, J.; Huang, W. X. et al. Regulation of coordination number over single Co sites: Triggering the efficient electroreduction of CO2. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 1944–1948.
Gong, Y. N.; Jiao, L.; Qian, Y. Y.; Pan, C. Y.; Zheng, L. R.; Cai, X. C.; Liu, B.; Yu, S. H.; Jiang, H. L. Regulating the coordination environment of MOF-templated single-atom nickel electrocatalysts for boosting CO2 reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 2705–2709.
Pan, Y.; Lin, R.; Chen, Y. J.; Liu, S. J.; Zhu, W.; Cao, X.; Chen, W. X.; Wu, K. L.; Cheong, W. C.; Wang, Y. et al. Design of single-atom Co-N5 catalytic site: A robust electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction with nearly 100% CO selectivity and remarkable stability. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 4218–4221.
Xiong, Y.; Wang, S. B.; Chen, W. X.; Zhang, J.; Li, Q. H.; Hu, H. S.; Zheng, L. R.; Yan, W. S.; Gu, L.; Wang, D. S. et al. Construction of dual-active-site copper catalyst containing both Cu-N3 and Cu-N4 sites. Small 2021, 17, 2006834.
Xiong, Y.; Sun, W. M.; Han, Y. H.; Xin, P. Y.; Zheng, X. S.; Yan, W. S.; Dong, J. C.; Zhang, J.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Cobalt single atom site catalysts with ultrahigh metal loading for enhanced aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene. Nano Res. 2021, 14, 2418–2423.
Jing, H. Y.; Zhao, Z. Y.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhu, C.; Liu, W.; Li, N. N.; Hao, C.; Shi, Y. T.; Wang, D. S. Atomic evolution of metal-organic frameworks into Co-N3 coupling vacancies by cooperative cascade protection strategy for promoting triiodide reduction. J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125, 6147–6156.
Gong, H. S.; Wei, Z. X.; Gong, Z. C.; Liu, J. J.; Ye, G. L.; Yan, M. M.; Dong, J. C.; Allen, C.; Liu, J. B.; Huang, K. et al. Low-coordinated Co-N-C on oxygenated graphene for efficient electrocatalytic H2O2 production. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 26, 2106886.
Ding, R.; Chen, Y. W.; Li, X. K.; Rui, Z. Y.; Hua, K.; Wu, Y. K.; Duan, X.; Wang, X. B.; Li, J.; Liu, J. G. Atomically dispersed, low-coordinate Co-N sites on carbon nanotubes as inexpensive and efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Small 2022, 18, 2105335.
Yan, C. C.; Li, H. B.; Ye, Y. F.; Wu, H. H.; Cai, F.; Si, R.; Xiao, J. P.; Miao, S. H.; Xie, S. H.; Yang, F. et al. Coordinatively unsaturated nickel-nitrogen sites towards selective and high-rate CO2 electroreduction. Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 1204–1210.
Sa, Y. J.; Jung, H.; Shin, D.; Jeong, H. Y.; Ringe, S.; Kim, H.; Hwang, Y. J.; Joo, S. H. Thermal transformation of molecular Ni2+-N4 sites for enhanced CO2 electroreduction activity. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 10920–10931.
Rong, X.; Wang, H. J.; Lu, X. L.; Si, R.; Lu, T. B. Controlled synthesis of a vacancy-defect single-atom catalyst for boosting CO2 electroreduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 1961–1965.
Han, Y. H.; Wang, Y. G.; Xu, R. R.; Chen, W. X.; Zheng, L. R.; Han, A. J.; Zhu, Y. Q.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, H. B.; Luo, J. et al. Electronic structure engineering to boost oxygen reduction activity by controlling the coordination of the central metal. Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 2348–2352.
Hu, L. Y.; Dai, C. L.; Chen, L. W.; Zhu, Y. H.; Hao, Y. C.; Zhang, Q. H.; Gu, L.; Feng, X.; Yuan, S.; Wang, L. et al. Metal-triazolate-framework-derived FeN4Cl1 single-atom catalysts with hierarchical porosity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 27324–27329.
Liu, X.; Jiao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Building up a picture of the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction activity of transition metal single-atom catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 9664–9672.
Zhao, D.; Sun, K. A.; Cheong, W. C.; Zheng, L. R.; Zhang, C.; Liu, S. J.; Cao, X.; Wu, K. L.; Pan, Y.; Zhuang, Z. W. et al. Synergistically interactive pyridinic-N-MoP sites: Identified active centers for enhanced hydrogen evolution in alkaline solution. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 8982–8990.
Li, J. J.; Jiang, Y. F.; Wang, Q.; Xu, C. Q.; Wu, D. J.; Banis, M. N.; Adair, K. R.; Doyle-Davis, K.; Meira, D. M.; Finfrock, Y. Z. et al. A general strategy for preparing pyrrolic-N4 type single-atom catalysts via pre-located isolated atoms. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 6806.
Zhu, C. Z.; Fu, S. F.; Song, J. H.; Shi, Q. R.; Su, D.; Engelhard, M. H.; Li, X. L.; Xiao, D. D.; Li, D. S.; Estevez, L. et al. Self-assembled Fe-N-doped carbon nanotube aerogels with single-atom catalyst feature as high-efficiency oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Small 2017, 13, 1603407.
Büechele, S.; Chen, Z. P.; Mitchell, S.; Hauert, R.; Krumeich, F.; Pérez-Ramírez, J. Tailoring nitrogen-doped carbons as hosts for single-atom catalysts. ChemCatChem 2019, 11, 2812–2820.
Wu, G.; Mack, N. H.; Gao, W.; Ma, S. G.; Zhong, R. Q.; Han, J. T.; Baldwin, J. K.; Zelenay, P. Nitrogen-doped graphene-rich catalysts derived from heteroatom polymers for oxygen reduction in nonaqueous lithium-O2 battery cathodes. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 9764–9776.
Wu, G.; Santandreu, A.; Kellogg, W.; Gupta, S.; Ogoke, O.; Zhang, H. G.; Wang, H. L.; Dai, L. M. Carbon nanocomposite catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions: From nitrogen doping to transition-metal addition. Nano Energy 2016, 29, 83–110.
Lin, S. R.; Xu, H. X.; Wang, Y. K.; Zeng, X. C.; Chen, Z. F. Directly predicting limiting potentials from easily obtainable physical properties of graphene-supported single-atom electrocatalysts by machine learning. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 5663–5670.
Zhao, R.; Peng, H.; Wang, H. L.; Liang, J.; Lv, Y. Y.; Ma, G. F.; Lei, Z. Q. Tuning nitrogen doping types and pore structures in carbon nanosheets as electrodes for supercapacitor by controlling existence form of iron species. J. Energy Storage 2020, 28, 101174.
Jin, J. Y.; Wang, Z. W.; Wang, R.; Wang, J. L.; Huang, Z. D.; Ma, Y. W.; Li, H.; Wei, S. H.; Huang, X.; Yan, J. X. et al. Achieving high volumetric lithium storage capacity in compact carbon materials with controllable nitrogen doping. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1807441.
Wang, X. R.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, Z. W.; Wang, W. C.; Luo, J.; Han, X. P.; Du, X. W.; Qiao, S. Z.; Yang, J. Identifying the key role of pyridinic-N–Co bonding in synergistic electrocatalysis for reversible ORR/OER. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800005.
Jin, X. X.; Xie, Y.; Fu, J. H.; Zhao, C. Y.; Xu, Y. H.; Lv, Y.; Zhang, B. S.; Sun, K. J.; Si, R.; Huang, J. H. A highly efficient Fe-N-C electrocatalyst with atomically dispersed FeN4 sites for the oxygen reduction reaction. ChemCatChem 2021, 13, 2683–2690.
Yang, L.; Cheng, D. J.; Xu, H. X.; Zeng, X. F.; Wan, X.; Shui, J. L.; Xiang, Z. H.; Cao, D. P. Unveiling the high-activity origin of single-atom iron catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2018, 115, 6626–6631.
Wang, C.; Hu, X.; Hu, X. S.; Liu, X. Y.; Guan, Q. X.; Hao, R.; Liu, Y. P.; Li, W. Typical transition metal single-atom catalysts with a metal-pyridine N structure for efficient CO2 electroreduction. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2021, 296, 120331.
Gu, J.; Hsu, C. S.; Bai, L. C.; Chen, H. M.; Hu, X. L. Atomically dispersed Fe3+ sites catalyze efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO. Science 2019, 364, 1091–1094.
Zhang, J.; Zheng, C. Y.; Zhang, M. L.; Qiu, Y. J.; Xu, Q.; Cheong, W. C.; Chen, W. X.; Zheng, L. R.; Gu, L.; Hu, Z. P. et al. Controlling N-doping type in carbon to boost single-atom site Cu catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of quinoline. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 3082–3087.
Zhang, L.; Wang, Q.; Si, R. T.; Song, Z. X.; Lin, X. T.; Banis, M. N.; Adair, K.; Li, J. J.; Doyle-Davis, K.; Li, R. Y. et al. New insight of pyrrole-like nitrogen for boosting hydrogen evolution activity and stability of Pt single atoms. Small 2021, 17, 2004453.
Fan, M. M.; Cui, J. W.; Wu, J. J.; Vajtai, R.; Sun, D. P.; Ajayan, P. M. Improving the catalytic activity of carbon-supported single atom catalysts by polynary metal or heteroatom doping. Small 2020, 16, 1906782.
Ramaswamy, N.; Tylus, U.; Jia, Q. Y.; Mukerjee, S. Activity descriptor identification for oxygen reduction on nonprecious electrocatalysts: Linking surface science to coordination chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 15443–15449.
Cabán-Acevedo, M.; Stone, M. L.; Schmidt, J. R.; Thomas, J. G.; Ding, Q.; Chang, H. C.; Tsai, M. L.; He, J. H.; Jin, S. Efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis using ternary pyrite-type cobalt phosphosulphide. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 1245–1251.
Wan, J. W.; Zhao, Z. H.; Shang, H. S.; Peng, B.; Chen, W. X.; Pei, J. J.; Zheng, L. R.; Dong, J. C.; Cao, R.; Sarangi, R. et al. In situ phosphatizing of triphenylphosphine encapsulated within metal-organic frameworks to design atomic Co1-P1N3 interfacial structure for promoting catalytic performance. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 8431–8439.
Wei, X.; Zheng, D.; Zhao, M.; Chen, H. Z.; Fan, X.; Gao, B.; Gu, L.; Guo, Y.; Qin, J. B.; Wei, J. et al. Cross-linked polyphosphazene hollow nanosphere-derived N/P-doped porous carbon with single nonprecious metal atoms for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 14639–14646.
Qiao, Y. Y.; Yuan, P. F.; Hu, Y. F.; Zhang, J. N.; Mu, S. C.; Zhou, J. H.; Li, H.; Xia, H. C.; He, J.; Xu, Q. Sulfuration of an Fe-N-C catalyst containing FexC/Fe species to enhance the catalysis of oxygen reduction in acidic media and for use in flexible Zn-Air batteries. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1804504.
Yang, H. B.; Miao, J. W.; Hung, S. F.; Chen, J. Z.; Tao, H. B.; Wang, X. Z.; Zhang, L. P.; Chen, R.; Gao, J. J.; Chen, H. M. et al. Identification of catalytic sites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in N-doped graphene materials: Development of highly efficient metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst. Sci. Adv. 2016, 2, e1501122.
Ito, Y.; Cong, W. T.; Fujita, T.; Tang, Z.; Chen, M. W. High catalytic activity of nitrogen and sulfur Co-doped nanoporous graphene in the hydrogen evolution reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2131–2136.
Shang, H. S.; Zhou, X. Y.; Dong, J. C.; Li, A.; Zhao, X.; Liu, Q. H.; Lin, Y.; Pei, J. J.; Li, Z.; Jiang, Z. L. et al. Engineering unsymmetrically coordinated Cu-S1N3 single atom sites with enhanced oxygen reduction activity. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 3049.
Hou, Y.; Qiu, M.; Kim, M. G.; Liu, P.; Nam, G.; Zhang, T.; Zhuang, X. D.; Yang, B.; Cho, J.; Chen, M. W. et al. Atomically dispersed nickel-nitrogen-sulfur species anchored on porous carbon nanosheets for efficient water oxidation. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 1392.
Chen, Y. J.; Gao, R.; Ji, S. F.; Li, H. J.; Tang, K.; Jiang, P.; Hu, H. B.; Zhang, Z. D.; Hao, H. G.; Qu, Q. Y. et al. Atomic-level modulation of electronic density at cobalt single-atom sites derived from metal-organic frameworks: Enhanced oxygen reduction performance. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 3212–3221.
Jiao, D. X.; Liu, Y. J.; Cai, Q. H.; Zhao, J. X. Coordination tunes the activity and selectivity of the nitrogen reduction reaction on single-atom iron catalysts: A computational study. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9, 1240–1251.
Guo, Y. Y.; Yuan, P. F.; Zhang, J. N.; Hu, Y. F.; Amiinu, I. S.; Wang, X.; Zhou, J. G.; Xia, H. C.; Song, Z. B.; Xu, Q. et al. Carbon nanosheets containing discrete Co-Nx-By-C active sites for efficient oxygen electrocatalysis and rechargeable Zn-Air batteries. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 1894–1901.
Wang, S. Y.; Sun, M. H.; Zheng, L. R.; Zhou, S. D. On the promising performance of single Ta atom in efficient nitrogen fixation. Chem Catal. 2021, 1, 1322–1330.
Xu, Q.; Guo, C. X.; Tian, S. B.; Zhang, J.; Chen, W. X.; Cheong, W. C.; Gu, L.; Zheng, L. R.; Xiao, J. P.; Liu, Q. et al. Coordination structure dominated performance of single-atomic Pt catalyst for anti-Markovnikov hydroboration of alkenes. Sci. China Mater. 2020, 63, 972–981.
Xie, J. F.; Zhao, X. T.; Wu, M. X.; Li, Q. H.; Wang, Y. B.; Yao, J. N. Metal-free fluorine-doped carbon electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction outcompeting hydrogen evolution. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9640–9644.
Shen, H. J.; Gracia-Espino, E.; Ma, J. Y.; Zang, K. T.; Luo, J.; Wang, L.; Gao, S. S.; Mamat, X.; Hu, G. Z.; Wagberg, T. et al. Synergistic effects between atomically dispersed Fe-N-C and C-S-C for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13800–13804.
Zhang, W.; Mao, K. K.; Zeng, X. C. B-doped MnN4-G nanosheets as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 18711–18717.
Ji, S. F.; Chen, Y. J.; Zhang, Z. D.; Cheong, W. C.; Liu, Z. R.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Single-atomic-site cobalt stabilized on nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon for selective oxidation of primary alcohols. Nanoscale Horiz. 2019, 4, 902–906.
Sun, X. H.; Tuo, Y.; Ye, C. L.; Chen, C.; Lu, Q.; Li, G. N.; Jiang, P.; Chen, S. H.; Zhu, P.; Ma, M. et al. Phosphorus induced electron localization of single iron sites for boosted CO2 electroreduction reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 23614–23618.
Yin, H. B.; Yuan, P. F.; Lu, B. A.; Xia, H. C.; Guo, K.; Yang, G. G.; Qu, G.; Xue, D. P.; Hu, Y. F.; Cheng, J. Q. et al. Phosphorus-driven electron delocalization on edge-type FeN4 active sites for oxygen reduction in acid medium. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 12754–12762.
Li, Q. H.; Chen, W. X.; Xiao, H.; Gong, Y.; Li, Z.; Zheng, L. R.; Zheng, X. S.; Yan, W. S.; Cheong, W. C.; Shen, R. G. et al. Fe isolated single atoms on S, N codoped carbon by copolymer pyrolysis strategy for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800588.
Wu, K. L.; Chen, X.; Liu, S. J.; Pan, Y.; Cheong, W. C.; Zhu, W.; Cao, X.; Shen, R. A.; Chen, W. X.; Luo, J. et al. Porphyrin-like Fe-N4 sites with sulfur adjustment on hierarchical porous carbon for different rate-determining steps in oxygen reduction reaction. Nano Res. 2018, 11, 6260–6269.
Yang, L. P.; Zhang, X.; Yu, L. X.; Hou, J. H.; Zhou, Z.; Lv, R. T. Atomic Fe-N4/C in flexible carbon fiber membrane as binder-free air cathode for Zn-Air batteries with stable cycling over 1000 h. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2105410.
Chen, Y. J.; Ji, S. F.; Zhao, S.; Chen, W. X.; Dong, J. C.; Cheong, W. C.; Shen, R. G.; Wen, X. D.; Zheng, L. R.; Rykov, A. I. et al. Enhanced oxygen reduction with single-atomic-site iron catalysts for a zinc-air battery and hydrogen-air fuel cell. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 5422.
Wang, H. H.; Lv, L. B.; Zhang, S. N.; Su, H.; Zhai, G. Y.; Lei, W. W.; Li, X. H.; Chen, J. S. Synergy of Fe-N4 and non-coordinated boron atoms for highly selective oxidation of amine into nitrile. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 2079–2084.
Jung, E.; Shin, H.; Lee, B. H.; Efremov, V.; Lee, S.; Lee, H. S.; Kim, J.; Hooch Antink, W.; Park, S.; Lee, K. S. et al. Atomic-level tuning of Co-N-C catalyst for high-performance electrochemical H2O2 production. Nat. Mater. 2020, 19, 436–442.
Zhang, X. M.; Zhai, P. L.; Zhang, Y. X.; Wu, Y. Z.; Wang, C.; Ran, L.; Gao, J. F.; Li, Z. W.; Zhang, B.; Fan, Z. Z. et al. Engineering single-atomic Ni-N4-O sites on semiconductor photoanodes for high-performance photoelectrochemical water splitting. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 20657–20669.
Wang, Y.; Tang, Y. J.; Zhou, K. Self-adjusting activity induced by intrinsic reaction intermediate in Fe-N-C single-atom catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 14115–14119.
Li, L. B.; Huang, S. H.; Cao, R.; Yuan, K.; Lu, C. B.; Huang, B. Y.; Tang, X. N.; Hu, T.; Zhuang, X. D.; Chen, Y. W. Optimizing microenvironment of asymmetric N, S-coordinated single-atom Fe via axial fifth coordination toward efficient oxygen electroreduction. Small 2022, 18, 2105387.
DeRita, L.; Resasco, J.; Dai, S.; Boubnov, A.; Thang, H. V.; Hoffman, A. S.; Ro, I.; Graham, G. W.; Bare, S. R.; Pacchioni, G. et al. Structural evolution of atomically dispersed Pt catalysts dictates reactivity. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 746–751.
Lu, Z.; Liu, X. Y.; Zhang, B.; Gan, Z. R.; Tang, S. W.; Ma, L.; Wu, T. P.; Nelson, G. J.; Qin, Y.; Turner, C. H. et al. Structure and reactivity of single site Ti catalysts for propylene epoxidation. J. Catal. 2019, 377, 419–428.
Lin, C.; Liu, X. P.; Qu, J. L.; Feng, X.; Seh, Z. W.; Wang, T. S.; Zhang, Q. F. Strain-controlled single Cr-embedded nitrogen-doped graphene achieves efficient nitrogen reduction. Mater. Adv. 2021, 2, 5704–5711.
Liang, Z. Z.; Kong, N. N.; Yang, C. X.; Zhang, W.; Zheng, H. Q.; Lin, H. P.; Cao, R. Highly curved nanostructure-coated Co, N-doped carbon materials for oxygen electrocatalysis. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 12759–12764.
Jiang, K.; Luo, M.; Liu, Z. X.; Peng, M.; Chen, D. C.; Lu, Y. R.; Chan, T. S.; De Groot, F. M. F.; Tan, Y. W. Rational strain engineering of single-atom ruthenium on nanoporous MoS2 for highly efficient hydrogen evolution. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 1687.
Daelman, N.; Capdevila-Cortada, M.; López, N. Dynamic charge and oxidation state of Pt/CeO2 single-atom catalysts. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 1215–1221.
Jiang, D.; Wan, G.; García-Vargas, C. E.; Li, L. Z.; Pereira-Hernández, X. I.; Wang, C. M.; Wang, Y. Elucidation of the active sites in single-atom Pd1/CeO2 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 11356–11364.
Kunwar, D.; Zhou, S. L.; DeLaRiva, A.; Peterson, E. J.; Xiong, H. F.; Pereira-Hernández, X. I.; Purdy, S. C.; Ter Veen, R.; Brongersma, H. H.; Miller, J. T. et al. Stabilizing high metal loadings of thermally stable platinum single atoms on an industrial catalyst support. ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 3978–3990.
Jiang, D.; Yao, Y. G.; Li, T. Y.; Wan, G.; Pereira-Hernández, X. I.; Lu, Y. B.; Tian, J. S.; Khivantsev, K.; Engelhard, M. H.; Sun, C. J. et al. Frontispiece: Tailoring the local environment of platinum in single-atom Pt1/CeO2 catalysts for robust low-temperature CO oxidation. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 26054.
Li, J. Z.; Zhang, H. G.; Samarakoon, W.; Shan, W. T.; Cullen, D. A.; Karakalos, S.; Chen, M. J.; Gu, D. M.; More, K. L.; Wang, G. F. et al. Thermally driven structure and performance evolution of atomically dispersed FeN4 sites for oxygen reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 18971–18980.
Meng, G.; Sun, W. M.; Mon, A. A.; Wu, X.; Xia, L. Y.; Han, A. J.; Wang, Y.; Zhuang, Z. B.; Liu, J. F.; Wang, D. S. et al. Strain regulation to optimize the acidic water oxidation performance of atomic-layer IrOx. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1903616.
Jiang, Z. L.; Wang, T.; Pei, J. J.; Shang, H. S.; Zhou, D. N.; Li, H. J.; Dong, J. C.; Wang, Y.; Cao, R.; Zhuang, Z. B. et al. Discovery of main group single Sb-N4 active sites for CO2 electroreduction to formate with high efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 2856–2863.
Shang, H. S.; Jiang, Z. L.; Zhou, D. N.; Pei, J. J.; Wang, Y.; Dong, J. C.; Zheng, X. S.; Zhang, J. T.; Chen, W. X. Engineering a metal-organic framework derived Mn-N4-CxSy atomic interface for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Chem. Sci. 2020, 11, 5994–5999.
Han, G. K.; Zhang, X.; Liu, W.; Zhang, Q. H.; Wang, Z. Q.; Cheng, J.; Yao, T.; Gu, L.; Du, C. Y.; Gao, Y. Z. et al. Substrate strain tunes operando geometric distortion and oxygen reduction activity of CuN2C2 single-atom sites. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 6335.
Fang, M. W.; Wang, X. P.; Li, X. Y.; Zhu, Y.; Xiao, G. Z.; Feng, J. J.; Jiang, X. H.; Lv, K. L.; Zhu, Y.; Lin, W. F. Curvature-induced Zn 3D electron return on Zn-N4 single-atom carbon nanofibers for boosting electroreduction of CO2. ChemCatChem 2021, 13, 603–609.
Zhang, J.; Wang, Z. Y.; Chen, W. X.; Xiong, Y.; Cheong, W. C.; Zheng, L. R.; Yan, W. S.; Gu, L.; Chen, C.; Peng, Q. et al. Tuning polarity of Cu–O bond in heterogeneous Cu catalyst to promote additive-free hydroboration of alkynes. Chem 2020, 6, 725–737.
Calle-Vallejo, F.; Tymoczko, J.; Colic, V.; Vu, Q. H.; Pohl, M. D.; Morgenstern, K.; Loffreda, D.; Sautet, P.; Schuhmann, W.; Bandarenka, A. S. Finding optimal surface sites on heterogeneous catalysts by counting nearest neighbors. Science 2015, 350, 185–189.
Cao, S. W.; Tao, F. F.; Tang, Y.; Li, Y. T.; Yu, J. G. Size- and shape-dependent catalytic performances of oxidation and reduction reactions on nanocatalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 4747–4765.
Wang, H. T.; Xu, S. C.; Tsai, C.; Li, Y. Z.; Liu, C.; Zhao, J.; Liu, Y. Y.; Yuan, H. Y.; Abild-Pedersen, F.; Prinz, F. B. et al. Direct and continuous strain control of catalysts with tunable battery electrode materials. Science 2016, 354, 1031–1036.
Bu, L. Z.; Zhang, N.; Guo, S. J.; Zhang, X.; Li, J.; Yao, J. L.; Wu, T.; Lu, G.; Ma, J. Y.; Su, D. et al. Biaxially strained PtPb/Pt core/shell nanoplate boosts oxygen reduction catalysis. Science 2016, 354, 1410–1414.
Yao, Y. C.; Hu, S. L.; Chen, W. X.; Huang, Z. Q.; Wei, W. C.; Yao, T.; Liu, R. R.; Zang, K. T.; Wang, X. Q.; Wu, G. et al. Engineering the electronic structure of single atom Ru sites via compressive strain boosts acidic water oxidation electrocatalysis. Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 304–313.
Bian, T.; Zhang, H.; Jiang, Y. Y.; Jin, C. H.; Wu, J. B.; Yang, H.; Yang, D. R. Epitaxial growth of twinned Au-Pt core–shell star-shaped decahedra as highly durable electrocatalysts. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 7808–7815.
Zhang, X.; Liu, Y. X.; Deng, J. G.; Yu, X. H.; Han, Z.; Zhang, K. F.; Dai, H. X. Alloying of gold with palladium: An effective strategy to improve catalytic stability and chlorine-tolerance of the 3DOM CeO2-supported catalysts in trichloroethylene combustion. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2019, 257, 117879.
Cai, S. F.; Duan, H. H.; Rong, H. P.; Wang, D. S.; Li, L.; He, W.; Li, Y. D. Highly active and selective catalysis of bimetallic Rh3Ni1 nanoparticles in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes. ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 608–612.
Strasser, P.; Koh, S.; Anniyev, T.; Greeley, J.; More, K.; Yu, C. F.; Liu, Z. C.; Kaya, S.; Nordlund, D.; Ogasawara, H. et al. Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts. Nat. Chem. 2010, 2, 454–460.
Matsubu, J. C.; Zhang, S. Y.; DeRita, L.; Marinkovic, N. S.; Chen, J. G.; Graham, G. W.; Pan, X. Q.; Christopher, P. Adsorbate-mediated strong metal–support interactions in oxide-supported Rh catalysts. Nat. Chem. 2017, 9, 120–127.
Liu, P. X.; Qin, R. X.; Fu, G.; Zheng, N. F. Surface coordination chemistry of metal nanomaterials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 2122–2131.
Kattel, S.; Ramírez, P. J.; Chen, J. G.; Rodriguez, J. A.; Liu, P. Active sites for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on Cu/ZnO catalysts. Science 2017, 355, 1296–1299.
Schoenbaum, C. A.; Schwartz, D. K.; Medlin, J. W. Controlling the surface environment of heterogeneous catalysts using self-assembled monolayers. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 1438–1445.
Mao, J. J.; Chen, W. X.; Sun, W. M.; Chen, Z.; Pei, J. J.; He, D. S.; Lv, C. L.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Rational control of the selectivity of a ruthenium catalyst for hydrogenation of 4-nitrostyrene by strain regulation. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 11971–11975.
Ye, C. L.; Peng, M.; Wang, Y. H.; Zhang, N. Q.; Wang, D. S.; Jiao, M. L.; Miller, J. T. Surface hexagonal Pt1Sn1 intermetallic on Pt nanoparticles for selective propane dehydrogenation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 25903–25909.
Wang, C. Y.; Sang, X. H.; Gamler, J. T. L.; Chen, D. P.; Unocic, R. R.; Skrabalak, S. E. Facet-dependent deposition of highly strained alloyed shells on intermetallic nanoparticles for enhanced electrocatalysis. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 5526–5532.
Escudero-Escribano, M.; Malacrida, P.; Hansen, M. H.; Vej-Hansen, U. G.; Velázquez-Palenzuela, A.; Tripkovic, V.; Schiøtz, J.; Rossmeisl, J.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Chorkendorff, I. Tuning the activity of Pt alloy electrocatalysts by means of the lanthanide contraction. Science 2016, 352, 73–76.
Feng, Q. C.; Zhao, S.; He, D. S.; Tian, S. B.; Gu, L.; Wen, X. D.; Chen, C.; Peng, Q.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Strain engineering to enhance the electrooxidation performance of atomic-layer Pt on intermetallic Pt3Ga. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 2773–2776.
Cheng, Q. Q.; Yang, S.; Fu, C. C.; Zou, L. L.; Zou, Z. Q.; Jiang, Z.; Zhang, J. L.; Yang, H. High-loaded sub-6 nm Pt1Co1 intermetallic compounds with highly efficient performance expression in PEMFCs. Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 278–286.
Wang, D. C.; Xin, H. L.; Hovden, R.; Wang, H. S.; Yu, Y. C.; Muller, D. A.; DiSalvo, F. J.; Abruña, H. D. Structurally ordered intermetallic platinum-cobalt core–shell nanoparticles with enhanced activity and stability as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 81–87.
Serna, P.; Concepción, P.; Corma, A. Design of highly active and chemoselective bimetallic gold-platinum hydrogenation catalysts through kinetic and isotopic studies. J. Catal. 2009, 265, 19–25.
Guan, Q. Q.; Zhu, C. W.; Lin, Y.; Vovk, E. I.; Zhou, X. H.; Yang, Y.; Yu, H. C.; Cao, L. N.; Wang, H. W.; Zhang, X. H. et al. Bimetallic monolayer catalyst breaks the activity-selectivity trade-off on metal particle size for efficient chemoselective hydrogenations. Nat. Catal. 2021, 4, 840–849.
Feng, Q. C.; Zhao, S.; Wang, Y.; Dong, J. C.; Chen, W. X.; He, D. S.; Wang, D. S.; Yang, J.; Zhu, Y. M.; Zhu, H. L. et al. Isolated single-atom Pd sites in intermetallic nanostructures: High catalytic selectivity for semihydrogenation of alkynes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 7294–7301.
Li, C. C.; Nakagawa, Y.; Yabushita, M.; Nakayama, A.; Tomishige, K. Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation over iron-ceria catalysts with platinum single-atom alloy clusters as a promoter. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 12794–12814.
Van Der Linden, M.; Van Bunningen, A. J.; Amidani, L.; Bransen, M.; Elnaggar, H.; Glatzel, P.; Meijerink, A.; De Groot, F. M. F. Single Au atom doping of silver nanoclusters. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 12751–12760.
Bai, L. C.; Hsu, C. S.; Alexander, D. T. L.; Chen, H. M.; Hu, X. L. Double-atom catalysts as a molecular platform for heterogeneous oxygen evolution electrocatalysis. Nat. Energy 2021, 6, 1054–1066.
Jiang, M.; Wang, F.; Yang, F.; He, H.; Yang, J.; Zhang, W.; Luo, J. Y.; Zhang, J.; Fu, C. P. Rationalization on high-loading iron and cobalt dual metal single atoms and mechanistic insight into the oxygen reduction reaction. Nano Energy 2022, 93, 106793.
Jiao, J. Q.; Lin, R.; Liu, S. J.; Cheong, W. C.; Zhang, C.; Chen, Z.; Pan, Y.; Tang, J. G.; Wu, K. L.; Hung, S. F. et al. Copper atom-pair catalyst anchored on alloy nanowires for selective and efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2. Nat. Chem. 2019, 11, 222–228.
Tian, S. B.; Fu, Q.; Chen, W. X.; Feng, Q. C.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, J.; Cheong, W. C.; Yu, R.; Gu, L.; Dong, J. C. et al. Carbon nitride supported Fe2 cluster catalysts with superior performance for alkene epoxidation. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2353.
Wang, X.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Jin, Z.; Yang, X. L.; Shi, Z. P.; Liang, L.; Wu, Z. J.; Jiang, Z. et al. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells powered with both CO and H2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2021, 118, e2107332118.
Wei, Y. S.; Sun, L. M.; Wang, M.; Hong, J. H.; Zou, L. L.; Liu, H. W.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, M.; Liu, Z.; Li, Y. W. et al. Fabricating dual-atom iron catalysts for efficient oxygen evolution reaction: A heteroatom modulator approach. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 16013–16022.
Liu, P. X.; Huang, X.; Mance, D.; Copéret, C. Atomically dispersed iridium on MgO (111) nanosheets catalyses benzene–ethylene coupling towards styrene. Nat. Catal. 2021, 4, 968–975.
Su, X.; Jiang, Z.; Zhou, J.; Liu, H.; Zhou, D.; Shang, H.; Ni, X.; Peng, Z.; Yang, F.; Chen, W., et al. Complementary operando spectroscopy identification of in-situ generated metastable charge-asymmetry Cu2-CuN3 clusters for CO2 reduction to ethanol. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 1322.
Liang, Z.; Song, L. P.; Sun, M. Z.; Huang, B. L.; Du, Y. P. Tunable CO/H2 ratios of electrochemical reduction of CO2 through the Zn-Ln dual atomic catalysts. Sci. Adv. 2021, 7, eabl4915.
Lin, R.; Ma, X. L.; Cheong, W. C.; Zhang, C.; Zhu, W.; Pei, J. J.; Zhang, K. Y.; Wang, B.; Liang, S. Y.; Liu, Y. X. et al. PdAg bimetallic electrocatalyst for highly selective reduction of CO2 with low COOH* formation energy and facile CO desorption. Nano Res. 2019, 12, 2866–2871.
Mao, J. J.; Yin, J. S.; Pei, J. J.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Single atom alloy: An emerging atomic site material for catalytic applications. Nano Today 2020, 34, 100917.
Zheng, T. T.; Liu, C. X.; Guo, C. X.; Zhang, M. L.; Li, X.; Jiang, Q.; Xue, W. Q.; Li, H. L.; Li, A. W.; Pao, C. W. et al. Copper-catalysed exclusive CO2 to pure formic acid conversion via single-atom alloying. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2021, 16, 1386–1393.
Pang, B. B.; Liu, X. K.; Liu, T. Y.; Chen, T.; Shen, X. Y.; Zhang, W.; Wang, S. C.; Liu, T.; Liu, D.; Ding, T. et al. Laser-assisted high-performance PtRu alloy for pH-universal hydrogen evolution. Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 102–108.
Meng, G.; Sun, J. Q.; Tao, L.; Ji, K. Y.; Wang, P. F.; Wang, Y.; Sun, X. H.; Cui, T. T.; Du, S. X.; Chen, J. G. et al. Ru1Con single-atom alloy for enhancing Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 1886–1896.
Mao, J. J.; He, C. T.; Pei, J. J.; Chen, W. X.; He, D. S.; He, Y. Q.; Zhuang, Z. B.; Chen, C.; Peng, Q.; Wang, D. S. et al. Accelerating water dissociation kinetics by isolating cobalt atoms into ruthenium lattice. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 4958.
Giannakakis, G.; Kress, P.; Duanmu, K.; Ngan, H. T.; Yan, G.; Hoffman, A. S.; Qi, Z.; Trimpalis, A.; Annamalai, L.; Ouyang, M. Y. et al. Mechanistic and electronic insights into a working NiAu single-atom alloy ethanol dehydrogenation catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 21567–21579.
Liu, Y. X.; Liu, X. W.; Feng, Q. C.; He, D. S.; Zhang, L. B.; Lian, C.; Shen, R. G.; Zhao, G. F.; Ji, Y. J.; Wang, D. S. et al. Intermetallic NixMy (M = Ga and Sn) nanocrystals: A non-precious metal catalyst for semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 4747–4754.
Cao, Y. Q.; Zhang, H.; Ji, S. F.; Sui, Z.; Jiang, Z.; Wang, D. S.; Zaera, F.; Zhou, X. G.; Duan, X. Z.; Li, Y. D. Adsorption site regulation to guide atomic design of Ni-Ga catalysts for acetylene semi-hydrogenation. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 11647–11652.
Zhang, L.; Wang, Q.; Li, L. L.; Banis, M. N.; Li, J. J.; Adair, K.; Sun, Y. P.; Li, R. Y.; Zhao, Z. J.; Gu, M. et al. Single atom surface engineering: A new strategy to boost electrochemical activities of Pt catalysts. Nano Energy 2022, 93, 106813.
Peng, Y. H.; Geng, Z. G.; Zhao, S. T.; Wang, L. B.; Li, H. L.; Wang, X.; Zheng, X. S.; Zhu, J. F.; Li, Z. Y.; Si, R. et al. Pt single atoms embedded in the surface of Ni nanocrystals as highly active catalysts for selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 3785–3791.
Ding, J. B.; Ji, Y. J.; Li, Y. Y.; Hong, G. Monoatomic platinum-embedded hexagonal close-packed nickel anisotropic superstructures as highly efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst. Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 9381–9387.
Mao, J. J.; He, C. T.; Pei, J. J.; Liu, Y.; Li, J.; Chen, W. X.; He, D. S.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Isolated Ni atoms dispersed on Ru nanosheets: High-performance electrocatalysts toward hydrogen oxidation reaction. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 3442–3448.
Long, R.; Li, Y.; Liu, Y.; Chen, S. M.; Zheng, X. S.; Gao, C.; He, C. H.; Chen, N. S.; Qi, Z. M.; Song, L. et al. Isolation of Cu atoms in Pd lattice: Forming highly selective sites for photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CH4. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 4486–4492.
Cheng, H. Y.; Wu, X. M.; Feng, M. M.; Li, X. C.; Lei, G. P.; Fan, Z. H.; Pan, D. W.; Cui, F. J.; He, G. H. Atomically dispersed Ni/Cu dual sites for boosting the CO2 reduction reaction. ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 12673–12681.
Tian, S. B.; Wang, B. X.; Gong, W. B.; He, Z. Z.; Xu, Q.; Chen, W. X.; Zhang, Q. H.; Zhu, Y. Q.; Yang, J. R.; Fu, Q. et al. Dual-atom Pt heterogeneous catalyst with excellent catalytic performances for the selective hydrogenation and epoxidation. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 3181.
Wang, J. M.; Kim, E.; Kumar, D. P.; Rangappa, A. P.; Kim, Y.; Zhang, Y. X.; Kim, T. K. Highly durable and fully dispersed cobalt diatomic site catalysts for CO2 photoreduction to CH4. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202113044.
Cao, X. Y.; Zhao, L. L.; Wulan, B.; Tan, D. X.; Chen, Q. W.; Ma, J. Z.; Zhang, J. T. Atomic bridging structure of nickel-nitrogen-carbon for highly efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202113918.
Liu, M.; Li, N.; Cao, S. F.; Wang, X. M.; Lu, X. Q.; Kong, L. J.; Xu, Y. H.; Bu, X. H. A “pre-constrained metal twins” strategy to prepare efficient dual-metal-atom catalysts for cooperative oxygen electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2107421.
Kumar, A.; Bui, V. Q.; Lee, J.; Wang, L. L.; Jadhav, A. R.; Liu, X. H.; Shao, X. D.; Liu, Y.; Yu, J. M.; Hwang, Y. et al. Moving beyond bimetallic-alloy to single-atom dimer atomic-interface for all-pH hydrogen evolution. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 6766.
Jiao, L.; Zhu, J. T.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, W. J.; Zhou, S. Y.; Li, A. W.; Xie, C. F.; Zheng, X. S.; Zhou, W.; Yu, S. H. et al. Non-bonding interaction of neighboring Fe and Ni single-atom pairs on MOF-derived N-doped carbon for enhanced CO2 electroreduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 19417–19424.
Chen, J. Y.; Li, H.; Fan, C.; Meng, Q. W.; Tang, Y. W.; Qiu, X. Y.; Fu, G. T.; Ma, T. Y. Dual single-atomic Ni-N4 and Fe-N4 sites constructing Janus hollow graphene for selective oxygen electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2003134.
Chen, G. B.; Liu, P.; Liao, Z. Q.; Sun, F. F.; He, Y. H.; Zhong, H. X.; Zhang, T.; Zschech, E.; Chen, M. W.; Wu, G. et al. Zinc-mediated template synthesis of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts with densely accessible Fe-Nx active sites for efficient oxygen reduction. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1907399.
Wang, X.; Jia, Y.; Mao, X.; Liu, D. B.; He, W. X.; Li, J.; Liu, J. G.; Yan, X. C.; Chen, J.; Song, L. et al. Edge-rich Fe-N4 active sites in defective carbon for oxygen reduction catalysis. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2000966.
Han, A. L.; Wang, X. J.; Tang, K.; Zhang, Z. D.; Ye, C. L.; Kong, K. J.; Hu, H. B.; Zheng, L. R.; Jiang, P.; Zhao, C. X. et al. An adjacent atomic platinum site enables single-atom iron with high oxygen reduction reaction performance. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 19262–19271.
Sun, M. Z.; Wu, T.; Dougherty, A. W.; Lam, M.; Huang, B. L.; Li, Y. L.; Yan, C. H. Self-validated machine learning study of graphdiyne-based dual atomic catalyst. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11, 2003796.
Sun, M. Z.; Wong, H. H.; Wu, T.; Dougherty, A. W.; Huang, B. L. Stepping out of transition metals: Activating the dual atomic catalyst through main group elements. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11, 2101404.
Huang, Z. F.; Song, J. J.; Dou, S.; Li, X. G.; Wang, J.; Wang, X. Strategies to break the scaling relation toward enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis. Matter 2019, 1, 1494–1518.
Shen, X. C.; Nagai, T.; Yang, F. P.; Zhou, L. Q.; Pan, Y. B.; Yao, L. B.; Wu, D. Z.; Liu, Y. S.; Feng, J.; Guo, J. H. et al. Dual-site cascade oxygen reduction mechanism on SnOx/Pt-Cu-Ni for promoting reaction kinetics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 9463–9467.
Gao, R. J.; Wang, J.; Huang, Z. F.; Zhang, R. R.; Wang, W.; Pan, L.; Zhang, J. F.; Zhu, W. K.; Zhang, X. W.; Shi, C. X. et al. Pt/Fe2O3 with Pt–Fe pair sites as a catalyst for oxygen reduction with ultralow Pt loading. Nat. Energy 2021, 6, 614–623.
Gao, R. J.; Xu, J. S.; Wang, J.; Lim, J.; Peng, C.; Pan, L.; Zhang, X. W.; Yang, H. M.; Zou, J. J. Pd/Fe2O3 with electronic coupling single-site Pd–Fe pair sites for low-temperature semihydrogenation of alkynes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 573–581.
Yin, H. B.; Chen, Z.; Peng, Y.; Xiong, S. C.; Li, Y. D.; Yamashita, H.; Li, J. H. Dual active centers bridged by oxygen vacancies of ruthenium single-atom hybrids supported on molybdenum oxide for photocatalytic ammonia synthesis. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202114242.
Ji, S. F.; Chen, Y. J.; Fu, Q.; Chen, Y. F.; Dong, J. C.; Chen, W. X.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Gu, L.; He, W. et al. Confined pyrolysis within metal-organic frameworks to form uniform Ru3 clusters for efficient oxidation of alcohols. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 9795–9798.
Ji, S. F.; Chen, Y. J.; Zhao, S.; Chen, W. X.; Shi, L. J.; Wang, Y.; Dong, J. C.; Li, Z.; Li, F. W.; Chen, C. et al. Atomically dispersed ruthenium species inside metal-organic frameworks: Combining the high activity of atomic sites and the molecular sieving effect of MOFs. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 4271–4275.
Meng, F. C.; Peng, M.; Chen, Y. L.; Cai, X. B.; Huang, F.; Yang, L. N.; Liu, X.; Li, T.; Wen, X. D.; Wang, N. et al. Defect-rich graphene stabilized atomically dispersed Cu3 clusters with enhanced oxidase-like activity for antibacterial applications. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2022, 301, 120826.
Gu, J.; Jian, M. Z.; Huang, L.; Sun, Z. H.; Li, A. W.; Pan, Y.; Yang, J. Z.; Wen, W.; Zhou, W.; Lin, Y. et al. Synergizing metal–support interactions and spatial confinement boosts dynamics of atomic nickel for hydrogenations. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2021, 16, 1141–1149.
Peng, Y. K.; Hu, Y. C.; Chou, H. L.; Fu, Y. Y.; Teixeira, I. F.; Zhang, L.; He, H. Y.; Tsang, S. C. E. Mapping surface-modified titania nanoparticles with implications for activity and facet control. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 675.
Zhang, J. R.; Wu, T. S.; Thang, H. V.; Tseng, K. Y.; Hao, X. D.; Xu, B. S.; Chen, H. Y. T.; Peng, Y. K. Cluster nanozymes with optimized reactivity and utilization of active sites for effective peroxidase (and oxidase) mimicking. Small 2022, 18, 2104844.