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Review Article

Engineered protein nanodrug as an emerging therapeutic tool

Yuanxin Li1,2Jing Sun3Jingjing Li1( )Kai Liu1,2,4( )Hongjie Zhang1,2,4
State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Graphical Abstract

In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the fabrication and applications ofengineered protein nanodrugs. Various strategies, including bio-conjugation, chemicalmodification, and nanomaterial delivery for improving bioefficacy of therapeutic proteins wereintroduced.

Abstract

Functional proteins are the most versatile macromolecules. They can be obtained by extraction from natural sources or by genetic engineering technologies. The outstanding selectivity, specificity, binding activity, and biocompatibility endow engineered proteins with outstanding performance for disease therapy. Nevertheless, their stability is dramatically impaired in blood circulation, hindering clinical translations. Thus, many strategies have been developed to improve the stability, efficacy, bioavailability, and productivity of therapeutic proteins for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the fabrication and application of therapeutic proteins. We first introduce various strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy via bioengineering and nanoassembly. Furthermore, we highlight their diverse applications as growth factors, nanovaccines, antibody-based drugs, bioimaging molecules, and cytokine receptor antagonists. Finally, a summary and perspective for the future development of therapeutic proteins are presented.

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Nano Research
Pages 5161-5172
Cite this article:
Li Y, Sun J, Li J, et al. Engineered protein nanodrug as an emerging therapeutic tool. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 5161-5172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4103-2
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Received: 03 October 2021
Revised: 20 November 2021
Accepted: 25 December 2021
Published: 07 March 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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