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Nano Research 2023, 16(4): 4310-4364 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-4045-0
Review Article | Issue | Published: 21 February 2022

Dimensional heterojunction design: The rising star of 2D bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion

Show Author's Information Joel Jie Foo1,2,  Sue-Faye Ng1,2,  Wee-Jun Ong1,2,3,4( )
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
Keywords:
water splitting, CO2 reduction, Z-scheme, 2D heterojunction, 2D nanomaterial, N2 fixation
Topics:
Photocatalysts
Cite this article:
Foo JJ, Ng S-F, Ong W-J. Dimensional heterojunction design: The rising star of 2D bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion. Nano Research, 2023, 16(4): 4310-4364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-4045-0
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Abstract Full text About this article

With the fast-pace digitalization evolution in the current generation’s lifestyle and the industry revolution, the energy demand has been skyrocketed. Recently, the two-dimensional (2D) bismuth-based nanomaterials emerged as a promising photocatalyst candidate in solar fuel conversion, not only for its exceptional light absorption capability and tunable optical properties, but it also can be synthesized into diverse variety of nanomaterials with different ranges of potential gap and band position to fulfill the potential requirement of wide range of photocatalytic reaction. Yet, the weak light harvesting ability and ultrafast charge recombination has restricted its potential in commercial application. Thus, recent researches have been focusing on tackling these issues by incorporating some modification strategies such as heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, facet engineering, bismuth rich strategy and heterojunction engineering. Herein, this review article presents the state-of-the-art modifications on 2D bismuth-based parent material, specifically on the relationship between each of the modification strategy on the electronic properties and surface chemistry in achieving boosted photocatalytic performance. In the view of the unique charge interaction between two semiconductors with different dimensions, we systematically discuss the rational heterostructure design from the dimensionality perspective, namely, point-to-face, line-to-face, face-to-face, and bulk-to-face in solar fuel conversion to provide inspiring insights for future interface engineering. Finally, the challenges and the future research outlook in the solar-to-fuel conversion are highlighted to push forward the design of high-performance bismuth-based photocatalyst in realizing commercial-scale solar-to-fuel conversion.


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About this article

Dimensional heterojunction design: The rising star of 2D bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion

Show Author's information Joel Jie Foo1,2, Sue-Faye Ng1,2, Wee-Jun Ong1,2,3,4( )
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China

Abstract

With the fast-pace digitalization evolution in the current generation’s lifestyle and the industry revolution, the energy demand has been skyrocketed. Recently, the two-dimensional (2D) bismuth-based nanomaterials emerged as a promising photocatalyst candidate in solar fuel conversion, not only for its exceptional light absorption capability and tunable optical properties, but it also can be synthesized into diverse variety of nanomaterials with different ranges of potential gap and band position to fulfill the potential requirement of wide range of photocatalytic reaction. Yet, the weak light harvesting ability and ultrafast charge recombination has restricted its potential in commercial application. Thus, recent researches have been focusing on tackling these issues by incorporating some modification strategies such as heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, facet engineering, bismuth rich strategy and heterojunction engineering. Herein, this review article presents the state-of-the-art modifications on 2D bismuth-based parent material, specifically on the relationship between each of the modification strategy on the electronic properties and surface chemistry in achieving boosted photocatalytic performance. In the view of the unique charge interaction between two semiconductors with different dimensions, we systematically discuss the rational heterostructure design from the dimensionality perspective, namely, point-to-face, line-to-face, face-to-face, and bulk-to-face in solar fuel conversion to provide inspiring insights for future interface engineering. Finally, the challenges and the future research outlook in the solar-to-fuel conversion are highlighted to push forward the design of high-performance bismuth-based photocatalyst in realizing commercial-scale solar-to-fuel conversion.

Keywords: water splitting, CO2 reduction, Z-scheme, 2D heterojunction, 2D nanomaterial, N2 fixation

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 01 November 2021
Revised: 01 December 2021
Accepted: 05 December 2021
Published: 21 February 2022
Issue date: April 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (No. FRGS/1/2020/TK0/XMU/02/1). The authors would also like to thank the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021A1515111019) for the financial support. This work is also funded by Xiamen University Malaysia Investigatorship Grant (No. IENG/0038), Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund (Nos. XMUMRF/2021-C8/IENG/0041 and XMUMRF/2019-C3/IENG/0013) and Hengyuan International Sdn. Bhd. (No. EENG/0003).

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