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Nano Research 2022, 15(4): 3213-3221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3939-1
Research Article | Issue | Published: 22 November 2021

Intercalation−deintercalation design in MXenes for high-performance supercapacitors

Show Author's Information Zhenjiang Li1,  Jun Dai2,  Yiran Li3,  Changlong Sun1,  Alan Meng4,  Renfei Cheng5,  Jian Zhao1,  Minmin Hu1( ),  Xiaohui Wang5( )
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Keywords:
energy storage, MXene, supercapacitor, electrochemical ion intercalation−deintercalation, interlayer design
Topics:
Supercapacitor
Cite this article:
Li Z, Dai J, Li Y, et al. Intercalation−deintercalation design in MXenes for high-performance supercapacitors. Nano Research, 2022, 15(4): 3213-3221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3939-1
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

MXene is a new intercalation pseudocapacitive electrode material for supercapacitor application. Intensifying fast ion diffusion is significantly essential for MXene to achieve excellent electrochemical performance. The expansion of interlayer void by traditional spontaneous species intercalation always leads to a slight increase in capacitance due to the existence of species sacrificing the smooth diffusion of electrolyte ions. Herein, an effective intercalation−deintercalation interlayer design strategy is proposed to help MXene achieve higher capacitance. Electrochemical cation intercalation leads to the expansion of interlayer space. After electrochemical cation extraction, intercalated cations are deintercalated mostly, leaving a small number of cations trapped in the interlayer silt and serving as pillars to maintain the interlayer space, offering an open, unobstructed interlayer space for better ion migration and storage. Also, a preferred surface with more −O terminations for redox reaction is created due to the reaction between cations and −OH terminations. As a result, the processed MXene delivers a much improved capacitance compared to that of the original Ti3C2Tx electrode (T stands for the surface termination groups, such as −OH, −F, and −O). This study demonstrates an improvement of electrochemical performance of MXene electrodes by controlling the interlayer structure and surface chemistry.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Intercalation−deintercalation design in MXenes for high-performance supercapacitors

Show Author's information Zhenjiang Li1, Jun Dai2, Yiran Li3, Changlong Sun1, Alan Meng4, Renfei Cheng5, Jian Zhao1, Minmin Hu1( ), Xiaohui Wang5( )
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Abstract

MXene is a new intercalation pseudocapacitive electrode material for supercapacitor application. Intensifying fast ion diffusion is significantly essential for MXene to achieve excellent electrochemical performance. The expansion of interlayer void by traditional spontaneous species intercalation always leads to a slight increase in capacitance due to the existence of species sacrificing the smooth diffusion of electrolyte ions. Herein, an effective intercalation−deintercalation interlayer design strategy is proposed to help MXene achieve higher capacitance. Electrochemical cation intercalation leads to the expansion of interlayer space. After electrochemical cation extraction, intercalated cations are deintercalated mostly, leaving a small number of cations trapped in the interlayer silt and serving as pillars to maintain the interlayer space, offering an open, unobstructed interlayer space for better ion migration and storage. Also, a preferred surface with more −O terminations for redox reaction is created due to the reaction between cations and −OH terminations. As a result, the processed MXene delivers a much improved capacitance compared to that of the original Ti3C2Tx electrode (T stands for the surface termination groups, such as −OH, −F, and −O). This study demonstrates an improvement of electrochemical performance of MXene electrodes by controlling the interlayer structure and surface chemistry.

Keywords: energy storage, MXene, supercapacitor, electrochemical ion intercalation−deintercalation, interlayer design

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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 25 July 2021
Revised: 09 October 2021
Accepted: 18 October 2021
Published: 22 November 2021
Issue date: April 2022

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The work reported here was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52072196, 52002199, 52002200, 52071171, and 52102106), Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2020ZD09), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos. ZR2019BEM042 and ZR2020QE063), the Innovation and Technology Program of Shandong Province (No. 2020KJA004), the Open Project of Chemistry Department of Qingdao University of Science and Technology (No. QUSTHX201813), the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (No. ts201511034), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M683450), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos. 2019A1515110933, 2019A1515110554, 2020A1515111086, and 2020A1515110219), and the Innovation Pilot Project of Integration of Science, Education and Industry of Shandong Province (No. 2020KJC-CG04). We express our grateful thanks to them for their financial support.

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