Alloxazine as anode material for high-performance aqueous ammonium-ion battery

Aqueous ammonium-ion battery (AAIB) has attracted much attention due to its low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness, but its electrode materials have many limitations. Here, alloxazine (ALO) is introduced as the anode for the AAIB. With its pseudocapacitive effect and fast diffusion kinetics of NH₄⁺, ALO anode shows excellent rate performance with a specific capacity of 120 mAh/g at 40 C (10 A/g). The full battery is further fabricated by ALO anode and Prussian white analogs cathode. Its specific capacity can reach 110 mAh/g and it can work up to 10, 000 cycles with no obvious capacity fading at 20 C (5 A/g). In addition, the system delivers a high energy density of 122.5 Wh/kg and a power density of 5, 055 W/kg. This work broadens the application prospect of the AAIB.