Journal Home > Volume 15 , Issue 6
Nano Research 2022, 15(6): 4792-4798 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3760-x
Research Article | Issue | Published: 12 August 2021

Ultrasound-driven fabrication of high-entropy alloy nanocatalysts promoted by alcoholic ionic liquids

Show Author's Information Francis Okejiri1,2,  Zhenzhen Yang2( ),  Hao Chen1,  Chi-Linh Do-Thanh1,  Tao Wang2,  Shize Yang3,†( ),  Sheng Dai1,2( )
Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
Present address: Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
Keywords:
nanoparticles, high-entropy alloy, sustainability, hydrogenation, alcoholic ionic liquid, ultrasonication
Topics:
Nanocatalysts
Cite this article:
Okejiri F, Yang Z, Chen H, et al. Ultrasound-driven fabrication of high-entropy alloy nanocatalysts promoted by alcoholic ionic liquids. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 4792-4798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3760-x
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

970

Views

49

Downloads

Citations

13

Crossref

13

WoS

10

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are highly underutilized in heterogeneous catalysis due to the absence of a reliable, sustainable, and facile synthetic method. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of HEA nanocatalysts realized via an ultrasound-driven wet chemistry method promoted by alcoholic ionic liquids (AILs). Owing to the intrinsic reducing ability of the hydroxyl group, AILs were synthesized and utilized as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional reducing agents and volatile organic solvents in the synthetic process. Under high-intensity ultrasound irradiation, Au3+, Pd2+, Pt2+, Rh3+, and Ru3+ ions were co-reduced and transformed into single-phase HEA (AuPdPtRhRu) nanocrystals without calcination. Characterization results reveal that the as-synthesized nanocrystals are composed of elements of Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru as expected. Compared to the monometallic counterparts such as Pd-NPs, the carbon-supported HEA nanocatalysts show superior catalytic performance for selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in terms of yield and selectivity. Our synthetic strategy provides an improved and facile methodology for the sustainable synthesis of multicomponent alloys for catalysis and other applications.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Ultrasound-driven fabrication of high-entropy alloy nanocatalysts promoted by alcoholic ionic liquids

Show Author's information Francis Okejiri1,2, Zhenzhen Yang2( ), Hao Chen1, Chi-Linh Do-Thanh1, Tao Wang2, Shize Yang3,†( ), Sheng Dai1,2( )
Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
Present address: Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA

Abstract

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are highly underutilized in heterogeneous catalysis due to the absence of a reliable, sustainable, and facile synthetic method. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of HEA nanocatalysts realized via an ultrasound-driven wet chemistry method promoted by alcoholic ionic liquids (AILs). Owing to the intrinsic reducing ability of the hydroxyl group, AILs were synthesized and utilized as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional reducing agents and volatile organic solvents in the synthetic process. Under high-intensity ultrasound irradiation, Au3+, Pd2+, Pt2+, Rh3+, and Ru3+ ions were co-reduced and transformed into single-phase HEA (AuPdPtRhRu) nanocrystals without calcination. Characterization results reveal that the as-synthesized nanocrystals are composed of elements of Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru as expected. Compared to the monometallic counterparts such as Pd-NPs, the carbon-supported HEA nanocatalysts show superior catalytic performance for selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in terms of yield and selectivity. Our synthetic strategy provides an improved and facile methodology for the sustainable synthesis of multicomponent alloys for catalysis and other applications.

Keywords: nanoparticles, high-entropy alloy, sustainability, hydrogenation, alcoholic ionic liquid, ultrasonication

References(69)

1

Fu, Z. Q.; Jiang, L.; Wardini, J. L.; MacDonald, B. E.; Wen, H. M.; Xiong, W.; Zhang, D. L.; Zhou, Y. Z.; Rupert, T. J.; Chen, W. P. et al. A high-entropy alloy with hierarchical nanoprecipitates and ultrahigh strength. Sci. Adv. 2018, 4, eaat8712.
DOI Google Scholar
2

Yao, Y. G.; Liu, Z. Y.; Xie, P. F.; Huang, Z. N.; Li, T. Y.; Morris, D.; Finfrock, Z.; Zhou, J. H.; Jiao, M. L.; Gao, J. L. et al. Computationally aided, entropy-driven synthesis of highly efficient and durable multi-elemental alloy catalysts. Sci. Adv. 2020, 6, eaaz0510.
DOI Google Scholar
3

Löffler, T.; Savan, A.; Garzón-Manjón, A.; Meischein, M.; Scheu, C.; Ludwig, A.; Schuhmann, W. Toward a paradigm shift in electrocatalysis using complex solid solution nanoparticles. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 1206–1214.
DOI Google Scholar
4

Xin, Y.; Li, S. H.; Qian, Y. Y.; Zhu, W. K.; Yuan, H. B.; Jiang, P. Y.; Guo, R. H.; Wang, L. B. High-entropy alloys as a platform for catalysis: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 11280–11306.
DOI Google Scholar
5

Chen, H.; Jie, K. H.; Jafta, C. J.; Yang, Z. Z.; Yao, S. Y.; Liu, M. M.; Zhang, Z. H.; Liu, J. X.; Chi, M. F.; Fu, J. et al. An ultrastable heterostructured oxide catalyst based on high-entropy materials: A new strategy toward catalyst stabilization via synergistic interfacial interaction. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2020, 276, 119155.
DOI Google Scholar
6

Xu, H. D.; Zhang, Z. H.; Liu, J. X.; Do-Thanh, C. L.; Chen, H.; Xu, S. H.; Lin, Q. J.; Jiao, Y.; Wang, J. L.; Wang, Y. et al. Entropy-stabilized single-atom Pd catalysts via high-entropy fluorite oxide supports. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 3908.
DOI Google Scholar
7

Shu, Y.; Bao, J. F.; Yang, S. Z.; Duan, X. L.; Zhang, P. F. Entropy-stabilized metal-CeOx solid solutions for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds. AlChE J. 2021, 67, e17046.
Google Scholar
8

Feng, D. Y.; Dong, Y. B.; Zhang, L. L.; Ge, X.; Zhang, W.; Dai, S.; Qiao, Z. A. Holey lamellar high-entropy oxide as an ultra-high-activity heterogeneous catalyst for solvent-free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Angew. Chem. 2020, 132, 19671–19677.
DOI Google Scholar
9

Yao, Y. G.; Huang, Z. N.; Xie, P. F.; Lacey, S. D.; Jacob, R. J.; Xie, H.; Chen, F. J.; Nie, A. M.; Pu, T. C.; Rehwoldt, M. et al. Carbothermal shock synthesis of high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles. Science. 2018, 359, 1489–1494.
DOI Google Scholar
10

Chen, Y. F.; Zhan, X.; Bueno, S. L. A.; Shafei, I. H.; Ashberry, H. M.; Chatterjee, K.; Xu, L.; Tang, Y. W.; Skrabalak, S. E. Synthesis of monodisperse high entropy alloy nanocatalysts from core@shell nanoparticles. Nanoscale Horiz. 2021, 6, 231–237.
DOI Google Scholar
11

Xie, P. F.; Yao, Y. G.; Huang, Z. N.; Liu, Z. Y.; Zhang, J. L.; Li, T. Y.; Wang, G. F.; Shahbazian-Yassar, R.; Hu, L. B.; Wang, C. Highly efficient decomposition of ammonia using high-entropy alloy catalysts. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 4011.
DOI Google Scholar
12

Lv, Z. Y.; Liu, X. J.; Jia, B.; Wang, H.; Wu, Y.; Lu, Z. P. Development of a novel high-entropy alloy with eminent efficiency of degrading azo dye solutions. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 34213.
DOI Google Scholar
13

Wu, S. K.; Pan, Y.; Wang, N.; Lu, T.; Dai, W. J. Azo dye degradation behavior of AlFeMnTiM (M = Cr, Co, Ni) high-entropy alloys. Int. J. Min. Met. Mater. 2019, 26, 124–132.
DOI Google Scholar
14

Qiu, H. J.; Fang, G.; Wen, Y. R.; Liu, P.; Xie, G. Q.; Liu, X. J.; Sun, S. H. Nanoporous high-entropy alloys for highly stable and efficient catalysts. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 6499–6506.
DOI Google Scholar
15

Zhang, G. L.; Ming, K. S.; Kang, J. L.; Huang, Q.; Zhang, Z. J.; Zheng, X. R.; Bi, X. F. High entropy alloy as a highly active and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochim. Acta 2018, 279, 19–23.
DOI Google Scholar
16

Waag, F.; Li, Y.; Ziefuß, A. R.; Bertin, E.; Kamp, M.; Duppel, V.; Marzun, G.; Kienle, L.; Barcikowski, S.; Gökce, B. Kinetically-controlled laser-synthesis of colloidal high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. RSC Adv. 2019, 9, 18547–18558.
DOI Google Scholar
17

Pedersen, J. K.; Batchelor, T. A. A.; Bagger, A.; Rossmeisl, J. High-entropy alloys as catalysts for the CO2 and CO reduction reactions. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 2169–2176.
DOI Google Scholar
18

Sun, Y. F.; Dai, S. High-entropy materials for catalysis: A new frontier. Sci. Adv. 2021, 7, eabg1600.
DOI Google Scholar
19

Dai, S. Across the board: Sheng dai on catalyst design by entropic factors. ChemSusChem 2020, 13, 1915–1917.
DOI Google Scholar
20

Wang, T.; Chen, H.; Yang, Z. Z.; Liang, J. Y.; Dai, S. High-entropy perovskite fluorides: A new platform for oxygen evolution catalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 4550–4554.
DOI Google Scholar
21

Yang, Y.; Song, B. A.; Ke, X.; Xu, F. Y.; Bozhilov, K. N.; Hu, L. B.; Shahbazian-Yassar, R.; Zachariah, M. R. Aerosol synthesis of high entropy alloy nanoparticles. Langmuir 2020, 36, 1985–1992.
DOI Google Scholar
22

Gao, S. J.; Hao, S. Y.; Huang, Z. N.; Yuan, Y. F.; Han, S.; Lei, L. C.; Zhang, X. W.; Shahbazian-Yassar, R.; Lu, J. Synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles on supports by the fast moving bed pyrolysis. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 2016.
DOI Google Scholar
23

Joo, S. H.; Bae, J. W.; Park, W. Y.; Shimada, Y.; Wada, T.; Kim, H. S.; Takeuchi, A.; Konno, T. J.; Kato, H.; Okulov, I. V. Beating thermal coarsening in nanoporous materials via high-entropy design. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1906160.
DOI Google Scholar
24

Okulov, A. V.; Joo, S. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kato, H.; Okulov, I. V. Nanoporous high-entropy alloy by liquid metal dealloying. Metals 2020, 10, 1396.
DOI Google Scholar
25

Rekha, M. Y.; Mallik, N.; Srivastava, C. First report on high entropy alloy nanoparticle decorated graphene. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 8737.
DOI Google Scholar
26

Löffler, T.; Meyer, H.; Savan, A.; Wilde, P.; Garzón Manjón, A.; Chen, Y. T.; Ventosa, E.; Scheu, C.; Ludwig, A.; Schuhmann, W. Discovery of a multinary noble metal-free oxygen reduction catalyst. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1802269.
DOI Google Scholar
27

Bondesgaard, M.; Broge, N. L. N.; Mamakhel, A.; Bremholm, M.; Iversen, B. B. General solvothermal synthesis method for complete solubility range bimetallic and high-entropy alloy nanocatalysts. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1905933.
DOI Google Scholar
28

Bang, J. H.; Suslick, K. S. Applications of ultrasound to the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 1039–1059.
DOI Google Scholar
29

Xu, H. X.; Zeiger, B. W.; Suslick, K. S. Sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 2555–2567.
DOI Google Scholar
30

Okejiri, F.; Zhang, Z. H.; Liu, J. X.; Liu, M. M.; Yang, S. Z.; Dai, S. Room-temperature synthesis of high-entropy perovskite oxide nanoparticle catalysts through ultrasonication-based method. ChemSusChem 2020, 13, 111–115.
DOI Google Scholar
31

Liu, M. M.; Zhang, Z. H.; Okejiri, F.; Yang, S. Z.; Zhou, S. H.; Dai, S. Entropy-maximized synthesis of multimetallic nanoparticle catalysts via a ultrasonication-assisted wet chemistry method under ambient conditions. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 6, 1900015.
DOI Google Scholar
32

Kim, K. S.; Choi, S.; Cha, J. H.; Yeon, S. H.; Lee, H. Facile one-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles using alcohol ionic liquids. J. Mater. Chem. 2006, 16, 1315–1317.
DOI Google Scholar
33

Yeon, S. H.; Kim, K. S.; Choi, S.; Lee, H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. Physical and electrochemical properties of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl imidazolium and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl morpholinium ionic liquids. Electrochim. Acta 2005, 50, 5399–5407.
DOI Google Scholar
34

Anderson, J. L.; Clark, K. D. Ionic liquids as tunable materials in (bio)analytical chemistry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2018, 410, 4565–4566.
DOI Google Scholar
35

Wu, Q. M.; Hong, X.; Zhu, L. F.; Meng, X. J.; Han, S. C.; Zhang, J.; Liu, X. L.; Jin, C. H.; Xiao, F. S. Generalized ionothermal synthesis of silica-based zeolites. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2019, 286, 163–168.
DOI Google Scholar
36

Zhang, P. F.; Gong, Y. T.; Lv, Y. Q.; Guo, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, C. M.; Li, H. R. Ionic liquids with metal chelate anions. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2334–2336.
DOI Google Scholar
37

Lu, H. F.; Zhang, P. F.; Qiao, Z. A.; Zhang, J. S.; Zhu, H. Y.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, Y. F.; Dai, S. Ionic liquid-mediated synthesis of meso-scale porous lanthanum-transition-metal perovskites with high CO oxidation performance. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 5910–5913.
DOI Google Scholar
38

Fujita, S. i.; Yamada, T.; Akiyama, Y.; Cheng, H. Y.; Zhao, F. Y.; Arai, M. Hydrogenation of phenol with supported rh catalysts in the presence of compressed CO2: Its effects on reaction rate, product selectivity and catalyst life. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2010, 54, 190–201.
DOI Google Scholar
39

Xiang, Y. Z.; Ma, L.; Lu, C. S.; Zhang, Q. F.; Li, X. N. Aqueous system for the improved hydrogenation of phenol and its derivatives. Green Chem. 2008, 10, 939–943.
DOI Google Scholar
40

Liu, H. Z.; Jiang, T.; Han, B. X.; Liang, S. G.; Zhou, Y. X. Selective phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone over a dual supported Pd–lewis acid catalyst. Science 2009, 326, 1250–1252.
DOI Google Scholar
41

Mahata, N.; Raghavan, K. V.; Vishwanathan, V.; Park, C.; Keane, M. A. Phenol hydrogenation over palladium supported on magnesia: Relationship between catalyst structure and performance. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2001, 3, 2712–2719.
DOI Google Scholar
42

Chatterjee, M.; Kawanami, H.; Sato, M.; Chatterjee, A.; Yokoyama, T.; Suzuki, T. Hydrogenation of phenol in supercritical carbon dioxide catalyzed by palladium supported on Al-MCM-41: A facile route for one-pot cyclohexanone formation. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 1912–1924.
DOI Google Scholar
43

Nelson, N. C.; Manzano, J. S.; Sadow, A. D.; Overbury, S. H.; Slowing, I. I. Selective hydrogenation of phenol catalyzed by palladium on high-surface-area ceria at room temperature and ambient pressure. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 2051–2061.
DOI Google Scholar
44

Mahata, N.; Vishwanathan, V. Influence of palladium precursors on structural properties and phenol hydrogenation characteristics of supported palladium catalysts. J. Catal. 2000, 196, 262–270.
DOI Google Scholar
45

Xu, G. Y.; Guo, J. H.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, Y.; Chen, J. Z.; Ma, L. L.; Guo, Q. X. Selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over Pd-HAP catalyst in aqueous media. ChemCatChem 2015, 7, 2485–2492.
DOI Google Scholar
46

Zhu, J. F.; Tao, G. H.; Liu, H. Y.; He, L.; Sun, Q. H.; Liu, H. C. Aqueous-phase selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over soluble pd nanoparticles. Green Chem. 2014, 16, 2664–2669.
DOI Google Scholar
47

Liu, S. W.; Han, J.; Wu, Q.; Bian, B.; Li, L.; Yu, S. T.; Song, J.; Zhang, C.; Ragauskas, A. J. Hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over bifunctional Pd/C-heteropoly acid catalyst in the liquid phase. Catal. Lett. 2019, 149, 2383–2389.
DOI Google Scholar
48

Makowski, P.; Demir Cakan, R.; Antonietti, M.; Goettmann, F.; Titirici, M. M. Selective partial hydrogenation of hydroxy aromatic derivatives with palladium nanoparticles supported on hydrophilic carbon. Chem. Commun. 2008, 999–1001.
Google Scholar
49

Chen, H.; Sun, J. S. Selective hydrogenation of phenol for cyclohexanone: A review. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2021, 94, 78–91.
DOI Google Scholar
50

Srinivas, S. T.; Rao, P. K. Highly selective Pt–Cr/C alloy catalysts for single-step vapour phase hydrogenation of phenol to give cyclohexanone. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 33–34.
Google Scholar
51

Shore, S. G.; Ding, E. R; Park, C.; Keane, M. A. Vapor phase hydrogenation of phenol over silica supported Pd and Pd-Yb catalysts. Catal. Commun. 2002, 3, 77–84.
DOI Google Scholar
52

Yang, X.; Du, L.; Liao, S. J.; Li, Y. X.; Song, H. Y. High-performance gold-promoted palladium catalyst towards the hydrogenation of phenol with mesoporous hollow spheres as support. Catal. Commun. 2012, 17, 29–33.
DOI Google Scholar
53

Lin, H. H.; Muzzio, M.; Wei, K. C.; Zhang, P.; Li, J. R.; Li, N.; Yin, Z. Y.; Su, D.; Sun, S. H. Pdau alloy nanoparticles for ethanol oxidation in alkaline conditions: Enhanced activity and C1 pathway selectivity. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 8701–8706.
DOI Google Scholar
54

Muzzio, M.; Yu, C.; Lin, H. H.; Yom, T.; Boga, D. A.; Xi, Z.; Li, N.; Yin, Z. Y.; Li, J. R.; Dunn, J. A. et al. Reductive amination of ethyl levulinate to pyrrolidones over AuPd nanoparticles at ambient hydrogen pressure. Green Chem. 2019, 21, 1895–1899.
DOI Google Scholar
55

Wang, L. X.; He, S. X.; Wang, L.; Lei, Y.; Meng, X. J.; Xiao, F. S. Cobalt–nickel catalysts for selective hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into ethanol. ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 11335–11340.
DOI Google Scholar
56

Zhong, J. W.; Chen, J. Z.; Chen, L. M. Selective hydrogenation of phenol and related derivatives. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2014, 4, 3555–3569.
DOI Google Scholar
57

Scirè, S.; Minicò, S.; Crisafulli, C. Selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over supported Pd and Pd-Ca catalysts: An investigation on the influence of different supports and Pd precursors. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 2002, 235, 21–31.
DOI Google Scholar
58

Kong, X. Q.; Gong, Y. T.; Mao, S. J.; Wang, Y. Selective hydrogenation of phenol. ChemNanoMat 2018, 4, 432–450.
DOI Google Scholar
59

Talukdar, A. K.; Bhattacharyya, K. G.; Sivasanker, S. Hydrogenation of phenol over supported platinum and palladium catalysts. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 1993, 96, 229–239.
DOI Google Scholar
60

Yang, X.; Yu, X.; Long, L. Z.; Wang, T. J.; Ma, L. L.; Wu, L. P.; Bai, Y.; Li, X. J.; Liao, S. J. Pt nanoparticles entrapped in titanate nanotubes (TNT) for phenol hydrogenation: The confinement effect of TNT. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 2794.
DOI Google Scholar
61

Srinivas, S. T.; Kanta Rao, P. Synthesis, characterization and activity studies of carbon supported platinum alloy catalysts. J. Catal. 1998, 179, 1–17.
DOI Google Scholar
62

Giraldo, L.; Bastidas-Barranco, M.; Moreno-Piraján, J. C. Vapour phase hydrogenation of phenol over rhodium on SBA-15 and SBA-16. Molecules 2014, 19, 20594–20612.
DOI Google Scholar
63

Martinez-Espinar, F.; Blondeau, P.; Nolis, P.; Chaudret, B.; Claver, C.; Castillón, S.; Godard, C. NHC-stabilised RH nanoparticles: Surface study and application in the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic substrates. J. Catal. 2017, 354, 113–127.
DOI Google Scholar
64

Rode, C. V.; Joshi, U. D.; Sato, O.; Shirai, M. Catalytic ring hydrogenation of phenol under supercritical carbon dioxide. Chem. Commun. 2003, 1960–1961.
Google Scholar
65

Raut, A. N.; Nandanwar, S. U.; Suryawanshi, Y. R.; Chakraborty, M.; Jauhari, S.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Shenoy, K. T.; Bajaj, H. C. Liquid phase selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over Ru/Al2O3 nanocatalyst under mild conditions. Kinet. Catal. 2016, 57, 39–46.
DOI Google Scholar
66

Vinokurov, V.; Glotov, A.; Chudakov, Y.; Stavitskaya, A.; Ivanov, E.; Gushchin, P.; Zolotukhina, A.; Maximov, A.; Karakhanov, E.; Lvov, Y. Core/shell ruthenium–halloysite nanocatalysts for hydrogenation of phenol. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2017, 56, 14043–14052.
DOI Google Scholar
67

Raspolli Galletti, A. M.; Antonetti, C.; Giaiacopi, S.; Piccolo, O.; Venezia, A. M. Innovative process for the synthesis of nanostructured ruthenium catalysts and their catalytic performance. Top. Catal. 2009, 52, 1065–1069.
DOI Google Scholar
68

Raspolli Galletti, A. M.; Antonetti, C.; Longo, I.; Capannelli, G.; Venezia, A. M. A novel microwave assisted process for the synthesis of nanostructured ruthenium catalysts active in the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 2008, 350, 46–52.
DOI Google Scholar
69

Zhang, H. W.; Han, A. J.; Okumura, K.; Zhong, L. X.; Li, S. Z.; Jaenicke, S.; Chuah, G. K. Selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone by SiO2-supported rhodium nanoparticles under mild conditions. J. Catal. 2018, 364, 354–365.
DOI Google Scholar
File
12274_2021_3760_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (1.3 MB)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 25 May 2021
Revised: 23 June 2021
Accepted: 20 July 2021
Published: 12 August 2021
Issue date: June 2022

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. We also thank the Science Alliance for the Graduate Advancement, Training, and Education (GATE) scholarship award. We are truly grateful to Avery Blockmon for his contributions.

Return