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Nano Research 2022, 15(2): 1479-1485 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3691-6
Research Article | Issue | Published: 19 August 2021

Observation of Bragg polaritons in monolayer tungsten disulphide

Show Author's Information Xu Wang1,§,  Lishu Wu2,§,  Xuewen Zhang1,  Weihuang Yang3,  Zheng Sun4,  Jingzhi Shang1( ),  Wei Huang1,5( ),  Ting Yu2( )
Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang RoadXi'an 710129 China
Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems College of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018 China
State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200241 China
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing 211816 China

§ Xu Wang and Lishu Wu contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
Bragg polariton, exciton-photon coupling, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, Rabi splitting, microcavity
Topics:
Semiconducting films
Cite this article:
Wang X, Wu L, Zhang X, et al. Observation of Bragg polaritons in monolayer tungsten disulphide. Nano Research, 2022, 15(2): 1479-1485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3691-6
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Strong light-matter interactions involved with photons and quasiparticles are fundamentally interesting to access the wealthy many-body physics in quantum mechanics. The emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with large exciton binding energies and strong quantum confinement allow to investigate exciton-photon coupling at elevated temperatures. Here we report room- temperature formation of Bragg polaritons in monolayer semiconductor on a dielectric mirror through the exciton-Bragg photon coupling. With the negative detuning energy of ~ 30 meV, angle-resolved reflection signals reveal anti-crossing behaviors of lower and upper polariton branches at ±18° together with the Rabi splitting of 10 meV. Meanwhile, the strengthened photoluminescence appears in the lower polariton branch right below the anti-crossing angles, indicating the presence of the characteristic bottleneck effect caused by the slowing exciton-polariton energy relaxation towards the band minimum. The extracted coupling strength is between the ones of weak and distinct strong coupling regimes, where the eigenenergy splitting induced by the moderate coupling is resolvable but not large enough to fully separate two polaritonic components. Our work develops a simplified strategy to generate exciton-polaritons in 2D semiconductors and can be further extended to probe the intriguing bosonic characteristics of these quasiparticles, such as Bose-Einstein condensation, polariton lasing and superfluidity, directly at the material surfaces.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Observation of Bragg polaritons in monolayer tungsten disulphide

Show Author's information Xu Wang1,§, Lishu Wu2,§, Xuewen Zhang1, Weihuang Yang3, Zheng Sun4, Jingzhi Shang1( ), Wei Huang1,5( ), Ting Yu2( )
Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang RoadXi'an 710129 China
Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems College of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018 China
State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200241 China
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing 211816 China

§ Xu Wang and Lishu Wu contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Strong light-matter interactions involved with photons and quasiparticles are fundamentally interesting to access the wealthy many-body physics in quantum mechanics. The emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with large exciton binding energies and strong quantum confinement allow to investigate exciton-photon coupling at elevated temperatures. Here we report room- temperature formation of Bragg polaritons in monolayer semiconductor on a dielectric mirror through the exciton-Bragg photon coupling. With the negative detuning energy of ~ 30 meV, angle-resolved reflection signals reveal anti-crossing behaviors of lower and upper polariton branches at ±18° together with the Rabi splitting of 10 meV. Meanwhile, the strengthened photoluminescence appears in the lower polariton branch right below the anti-crossing angles, indicating the presence of the characteristic bottleneck effect caused by the slowing exciton-polariton energy relaxation towards the band minimum. The extracted coupling strength is between the ones of weak and distinct strong coupling regimes, where the eigenenergy splitting induced by the moderate coupling is resolvable but not large enough to fully separate two polaritonic components. Our work develops a simplified strategy to generate exciton-polaritons in 2D semiconductors and can be further extended to probe the intriguing bosonic characteristics of these quasiparticles, such as Bose-Einstein condensation, polariton lasing and superfluidity, directly at the material surfaces.

Keywords: Bragg polariton, exciton-photon coupling, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, Rabi splitting, microcavity

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 28 April 2021
Revised: 03 June 2021
Accepted: 16 June 2021
Published: 19 August 2021
Issue date: February 2022

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We thank the support of the Ministry of Education of Singapore (MOE 2019-T2-1-044), Singapore National Research Foundation under the Competitive Research Programs (No. NRF-CRP-21- 2018-0007), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61904151 and 51173081), Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (No. 2020JM-108), Joint Research Funds of Department of Science & Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University (No. 2020GXLH- Z-020), Ministry of Education of China (IRT1148), and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LGG19F040003).

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