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Nano Research 2022, 15(6): 4827-4836 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3516-7
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 11 May 2021

Phase constitution of the noble metal thin-film complex solid solution system Ag-Ir-Pd-Pt-Ru in dependence of elemental compositions and annealing temperatures

Show Author's Information Bin Xiao1,  Xiao Wang1,  Alan Savan1,  Alfred Ludwig1,2( )
Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Zentrum für Grenzflächendominierte Höchstleistungswerkstoffe (ZGH), Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Keywords:
phase transformation, noble metal high-entropy alloys, combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput characterization
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Metallic films
Cite this article:
Xiao B, Wang X, Savan A, et al. Phase constitution of the noble metal thin-film complex solid solution system Ag-Ir-Pd-Pt-Ru in dependence of elemental compositions and annealing temperatures. Nano Research, 2022, 15(6): 4827-4836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3516-7
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Multiple-principal element alloys hold great promise for multifunctional material discovery (e.g., for novel electrocatalysts based on complex solid solutions) in a virtually unlimited compositional space. Here, the phase constitution of the noble metal system Ag-Ir-Pd-Pt-Ru was investigated over a large compositional range in the quinary composition space and for different annealing temperatures from 600 to 900 °C using thin-film materials libraries. Composition-dependent X-ray diffraction mapping of the as-deposited thin-film materials library indicates different phases being present across the composition space (face-centered cubic (fcc), hexagonal close packed (hcp) and mixed fcc + hcp), which are strongly dependent on the Ru content. In general, low Ru contents promote the fcc phase, whereas high Ru contents favor the formation of an hcp solid-solution phase. Furthermore, a temperature-induced phase transformation study was carried out for a selected measurement area of fcc-Ag5Ir8Pd56Pt8Ru23. With increasing temperature, the initial fcc phase transforms to an intermediate C14-type Laves phase at 360 °C, and then to hcp when the temperature reaches 510 °C. The formation and disappearance of the hexagonal Laves phase, which covers a wide temperature range, plays a crucial role of bridging the fcc to hcp phase transition. The obtained composition, phase and temperature data are transformed into phase maps which could be used to guide theoretical studies and lay a basis for tuning the functional properties of these materials.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Phase constitution of the noble metal thin-film complex solid solution system Ag-Ir-Pd-Pt-Ru in dependence of elemental compositions and annealing temperatures

Show Author's information Bin Xiao1, Xiao Wang1, Alan Savan1, Alfred Ludwig1,2( )
Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Zentrum für Grenzflächendominierte Höchstleistungswerkstoffe (ZGH), Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany

Abstract

Multiple-principal element alloys hold great promise for multifunctional material discovery (e.g., for novel electrocatalysts based on complex solid solutions) in a virtually unlimited compositional space. Here, the phase constitution of the noble metal system Ag-Ir-Pd-Pt-Ru was investigated over a large compositional range in the quinary composition space and for different annealing temperatures from 600 to 900 °C using thin-film materials libraries. Composition-dependent X-ray diffraction mapping of the as-deposited thin-film materials library indicates different phases being present across the composition space (face-centered cubic (fcc), hexagonal close packed (hcp) and mixed fcc + hcp), which are strongly dependent on the Ru content. In general, low Ru contents promote the fcc phase, whereas high Ru contents favor the formation of an hcp solid-solution phase. Furthermore, a temperature-induced phase transformation study was carried out for a selected measurement area of fcc-Ag5Ir8Pd56Pt8Ru23. With increasing temperature, the initial fcc phase transforms to an intermediate C14-type Laves phase at 360 °C, and then to hcp when the temperature reaches 510 °C. The formation and disappearance of the hexagonal Laves phase, which covers a wide temperature range, plays a crucial role of bridging the fcc to hcp phase transition. The obtained composition, phase and temperature data are transformed into phase maps which could be used to guide theoretical studies and lay a basis for tuning the functional properties of these materials.

Keywords: phase transformation, noble metal high-entropy alloys, combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput characterization

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Publication history

Received: 08 January 2021
Revised: 08 April 2021
Accepted: 12 April 2021
Published: 11 May 2021
Issue date: June 2022

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Acknowledgements

ZGH is acknowledged for the use of its scientific infrastructure. This work was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), projects LU1175/26-1 and LU1175/22-1.

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