Full-scale chemical and field-effect passivation: 21.52% efficiency of stable MAPbI₃ solar cells via benzenamine modification

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells have achieved high efficiency of 25.5%. Finding an effective means to suppress the formation of traps and correlate stability losses are thought to be a promising route for further increasing the photovoltaic performance and commercialization potential of perovskite photovoltaic devices. Herein, we report a facile passivation model, which uses a multi-functional organic molecule to simultaneously realize the chemical passivation and field-effect passivation for the perovskite film by an upgraded anti-solvent coating method, which reduces the trap states density of the perovskite, improves interface charge transfer, and thus promotes device performance. In addition, the hydrophobic groups of the molecules can form a moisture-repelling barrier on the perovskite grains, which apparently promotes the humidity stability of the solar cells. Therefore, the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells after synergistic passivation reaches 21.52%, and it can still retain 95% of the original PCE when stored in ~ 40% humidity for 30 days. Our findings extend the scope for traps passivation to further promote both the photovoltaic performance and the stability of the perovskite solar cells.