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Research Article

Surface oxidation of transition metal sulfide and phosphide nanomaterials

Zishan Wu1,2, Ling Huang2,†, Huan Liu1,2,‡, Min Li3, Hailiang Wang1,2( )
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
Materials Characterization Core, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA

† Present address: Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China

‡ Present address: College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China

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An erratum to this article is available online at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3296-0

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Many transition metal sulfides and phosphides are susceptible to surface oxidation under ambient conditions. The formed surface oxidation layer, which is likely to further restructure under reaction conditions, alters the chemical properties of the pristine material but has not been well studied. In this work, we for the first time use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to quantify the natural surface oxidation of transition metal phosphide and sulfide nanoparticles and employ a simplified Deal-Grove model to analyze the kinetics. We show that CoS2 oxidizes faster than CoS whereas CoP2 is more difficult to oxidize compared to CoP, and there exists an inverse correlation between the surface oxidation rate and the Co-S/P distance in the pristine structure. More inclusive investigation unveils different types of surface oxidation behavior: CoS, NiS and FeS are limited by their reactivity with oxygen; CoS2 is the most reactive and its oxidation is governed by oxygen diffusion; CoP2 is influenced by both reactivity and diffusion; CoP, Ni2P, Cu3P and MoP exhibit high initial oxidation degrees and the kinetics are not well-defined; MoS2 is largely stable against oxidation.

Keywords

kineticssurface oxidationX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)sulfidesphosphides

Electronic Supplementary Material

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12274_2020_3219_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (3.5 MB)

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Nano Research
Volume 14 Issue 7,
July 2021
Pages 2264-2267
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3219-5
Cite this article:
Wu Z, Huang L, Liu H, et al. Surface oxidation of transition metal sulfide and phosphide nanomaterials. Nano Research, 2021, 14(7): 2264-2267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3219-5
Topics:
Cobalt compoundsCopper compoundsLayered semiconductorsMetal nanoparticlesMolybdenum compoundsNickel sulfatesOxidationOxygenPhosphorus compoundsSulfur compoundsTransition metalsX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Received: 21 September 2020
Revised: 22 October 2020
Accepted: 29 October 2020
Published: 05 July 2021
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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