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Review Article

Bioengineering of nano metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy

Gaowei Chong1,2, Jie Zang1, Yi Han1, Runping Su1, Nopphon Weeranoppanant3,4( ), Haiqing Dong1,2( ), Yongyong Li1( )
Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
Department of Chemical Engineering, Burapha University, 169 Longhard Bangsaen, Saensook, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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Abstract

Immunotherapy techniques, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies and cancer vaccines, have been burgeoning with great success, particularly for specific cancer types. However, side effects with fatal risks, dysfunction in tumor microenvironment and low immune response rates remain the bottlenecks in immunotherapy. Nano metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs), with an accurate structure and a narrow size distribution, are emerging as a solution to these problems. In addition to their function of temporospatial delivery, a large library of their compositions, together with flexibility in chemical interaction and inherent immune efficacy, offers opportunities for various designs of nMOFs for immunotherapy. In this review, we overview state-of-the-art research on nMOFs-based immunotherapies as well as their combination with other therapies. We demonstrate that nMOFs are predominantly customized for vaccine delivery or tumor-microenvironment modulation. Finally, a prospect of nMOFs in cancer immunotherapy will be discussed.

Keywords

cancer immunotherapynano metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs)bioengineeringvaccine deliverytumor-microenvironment modulation

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Nano Research
Volume 14 Issue 5,
May 2021
Pages 1244-1259
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3179-9
Cite this article:
Chong G, Zang J, Han Y, et al. Bioengineering of nano metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy. Nano Research, 2021, 14(5): 1244-1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3179-9
Topics:
CellsDiseasesOrganometallicsTumorsVaccines

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Received: 07 August 2020
Revised: 01 October 2020
Accepted: 10 October 2020
Published: 23 November 2020
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
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