Large valley-polarized state in single-layer NbX₂ (X = S, Se): Theoretical prediction

Exploring two-dimensional valleytronic crystals with large valley-polarized state is of considerable importance due to the promising applications in next-generation information related devices. Here, we show first-principles evidence that single-layer NbX₂ (X = S, Se) is potentially the long-sought two-dimensional valleytronic crystal. Specifically, the valley-polarized state is found to occur spontaneously in single-layer NbX₂, without needing any external tuning, which arises from their intrinsic magnetic exchange interaction and inversion asymmetry. Moreover, the strong spin-orbit coupling strength within Nb-d orbitals renders their valley- polarized states being of remarkably large (NbS₂ ~ 156 meV/NbSe₂ ~ 219 meV), enabling practical utilization of their valley physics accessible. In additional, it is predicted that the valley physics (i.e., anomalous valley Hall effect) in single-layer NbX₂ is switchable via applying moderate strain. These findings make single-layer NbX₂ tantalizing candidates for realizing high-performance and controllable valleytronic devices.