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Nano Research 2021, 14(3): 797-806 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3116-y
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 01 March 2021

LiYF4:Yb/LiYF4 and LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals with luminescence decay times similar to YLF laser crystals and the upconversion quantum yield of the Yb,Er doped nanocrystals

Show Author's Information Frederike Carl1,  Leonie Birk1,  Bettina Grauel2,  Monica Pons2,  Christian Würth2,  Ute Resch-Genger2( ),  Markus Haase1( )
Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Department Biology/Chemistry, University Osnabrueck, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
Keywords:
nanocrystal, upconversion, luminescence, quantum yield, decay time, LiYF4
Topics:
Doping (additives)LuminescenceNanocrystalsQuantum yield
Cite this article:
Carl F, Birk L, Grauel B, et al. LiYF4:Yb/LiYF4 and LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals with luminescence decay times similar to YLF laser crystals and the upconversion quantum yield of the Yb,Er doped nanocrystals. Nano Research, 2021, 14(3): 797-806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3116-y
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

We developed a procedure to prepare luminescent LiYF4:Yb/LiYF4 and LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals with a size of approximately 40 nm revealing luminescence decay times of the dopant ions that approach those of high-quality laser crystals of LiYF4:Yb (Yb:YLF) and LiYF4:Yb,Er (Yb,Er:YLF) with identical doping concentrations. As the luminescence decay times of Yb3+ and Er3+ are known to be very sensitive to the presence of quenchers, the long decay times of the core/shell nanocrystals indicate a very low number of defects in the core particles and at the core/shell interfaces. This improvement in the performance was achieved by introducing two important modifications in the commonly used oleic acid based synthesis. First, the shell was prepared via a newly developed method characterized by a very low nucleation rate for particles of pure LiYF4 shell material. Second, anhydrous acetates were used as precursors and additional drying steps were applied to reduce the incorporation of OH− in the crystal lattice, known to quench the emission of Yb3+ ions. Excitation power density (P)-dependent absolute measurements of the upconversion luminescence quantum yield (ΦUC) of LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell particles reveal a maximum value of 1.25% at P of 180 W·cm−2. Although lower than the values reported for NaYF4:18%Yb,2%Er core/shell nanocrystals with comparable sizes, these ΦUC values are the highest reported so far for LiYF4:18%Yb,2%Er/LiYF4 nanocrystals without additional dopants. Further improvements may nevertheless be possible by optimizing the dopant concentrations in the LiYF4 nanocrystals.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

LiYF4:Yb/LiYF4 and LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals with luminescence decay times similar to YLF laser crystals and the upconversion quantum yield of the Yb,Er doped nanocrystals

Show Author's information Frederike Carl1, Leonie Birk1, Bettina Grauel2, Monica Pons2, Christian Würth2, Ute Resch-Genger2( ), Markus Haase1( )
Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Department Biology/Chemistry, University Osnabrueck, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany

Abstract

We developed a procedure to prepare luminescent LiYF4:Yb/LiYF4 and LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals with a size of approximately 40 nm revealing luminescence decay times of the dopant ions that approach those of high-quality laser crystals of LiYF4:Yb (Yb:YLF) and LiYF4:Yb,Er (Yb,Er:YLF) with identical doping concentrations. As the luminescence decay times of Yb3+ and Er3+ are known to be very sensitive to the presence of quenchers, the long decay times of the core/shell nanocrystals indicate a very low number of defects in the core particles and at the core/shell interfaces. This improvement in the performance was achieved by introducing two important modifications in the commonly used oleic acid based synthesis. First, the shell was prepared via a newly developed method characterized by a very low nucleation rate for particles of pure LiYF4 shell material. Second, anhydrous acetates were used as precursors and additional drying steps were applied to reduce the incorporation of OH− in the crystal lattice, known to quench the emission of Yb3+ ions. Excitation power density (P)-dependent absolute measurements of the upconversion luminescence quantum yield (ΦUC) of LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell particles reveal a maximum value of 1.25% at P of 180 W·cm−2. Although lower than the values reported for NaYF4:18%Yb,2%Er core/shell nanocrystals with comparable sizes, these ΦUC values are the highest reported so far for LiYF4:18%Yb,2%Er/LiYF4 nanocrystals without additional dopants. Further improvements may nevertheless be possible by optimizing the dopant concentrations in the LiYF4 nanocrystals.

Keywords: nanocrystal, upconversion, luminescence, quantum yield, decay time, LiYF4

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Publication history

Received: 18 June 2020
Revised: 11 September 2020
Accepted: 14 September 2020
Published: 01 March 2021
Issue date: March 2021

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© The Author(s) 2020

Acknowledgements

We thank the German Science Foundation DFG for financial support (grants RE 1203/18-1 and HA 1649/7-1).

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