Mineralized manganese dioxide channel as the stent coating for in situ precise tumor navigation

Drug-eluting stent (DES) is a promising strategy for esophageal cancer. However, full-covered drug-loaded stents cause damage to non-tumor tissue in the esophagus, and the development controlled-release system to prevent non-tumor tissue injure is currently a major challenge. Here, in situ mineralized manganese dioxide coating on Ce6 embedded electrospun fibers covered stent was developed for effective tumor therapy via intraluminal photodynamic therapy (PDT), which could reduce phototoxicity to normal esophageal tissue. Oxidation of manganese ions, which was previously swelled between fibers, was used to accomplish mineralization. After implantation, the manganese dioxide coating in situ reacts with tumor endogenous H⁺ and H₂O₂, which, on the one hand, could effectively alleviate the hypoxic microenvironment which leads to resistance to PDT, and on the other hand, could expose the Ce6-fibers below the coating for intraluminal PDT. In addition, due to the slow degradation of the coating, this stent could own sustained photodynamic performance for up to one month. Notably, the PDT efficiency of the stent was investigated on orthotopic rabbit esophageal cancer models. Overall, this work suggests that in situ mineralized manganese dioxide coated electrospun fibers covered stent may provide a new strategy for advanced esophageal cancer patients as a functional drug delivery platform.