Journal Home > Volume 13 , Issue 4
Nano Research 2020, 13(4): 927-931 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2706-z
Research Article | Issue | Published: 11 March 2020

Double drumheadlike surface states in elemental group V nodal line semimetals

Show Author's Information Yang Hang,  Wanlin Guo( )
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Keywords:
electronic structure, double drumheadlike surface states, nodal line semimetals, elemental materials
Topics:
CalculationsElectronic structureSpin orbit coupling
Cite this article:
Hang Y, Guo W. Double drumheadlike surface states in elemental group V nodal line semimetals. Nano Research, 2020, 13(4): 927-931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2706-z
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

525

Views

28

Downloads

Citations

1

Crossref

N/A

WoS

1

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

Drumheadlike surface states are typical characteristics in nodal line semimetals and bring varieties of unusual attractive properties. Here we demonstrate the double drumheadlike surface states in group V elemental semimetals As, Sb, Bi, which family materials behave a nodal line topology with a 3D flowerlike nodal line, using first-principles calculations. On (001) surface of group V elemental semimetals, the projection pattern of the nodal line overlaps and a complicated double drumheadlike surface state appears inside the overlapped region. This double surface state is widely distributed on the surface region up to a penetration depth of 3.5 nm, which is much deeper than the depth of single surface state on (111) surface. Given that the simplicity of the elemental structure and the small gap induced by the spin orbit coupling, this family materials are promising candidates for the experimental observation of the novel double drumheadlike surface state.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Double drumheadlike surface states in elemental group V nodal line semimetals

Show Author's information Yang Hang, Wanlin Guo( )
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

Abstract

Drumheadlike surface states are typical characteristics in nodal line semimetals and bring varieties of unusual attractive properties. Here we demonstrate the double drumheadlike surface states in group V elemental semimetals As, Sb, Bi, which family materials behave a nodal line topology with a 3D flowerlike nodal line, using first-principles calculations. On (001) surface of group V elemental semimetals, the projection pattern of the nodal line overlaps and a complicated double drumheadlike surface state appears inside the overlapped region. This double surface state is widely distributed on the surface region up to a penetration depth of 3.5 nm, which is much deeper than the depth of single surface state on (111) surface. Given that the simplicity of the elemental structure and the small gap induced by the spin orbit coupling, this family materials are promising candidates for the experimental observation of the novel double drumheadlike surface state.

Keywords: electronic structure, double drumheadlike surface states, nodal line semimetals, elemental materials

References(44)

[1]
Qi, X. L.; Zhang, S. C. Topological insulators and superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2011, 83, 1057-1110.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]
Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L. Colloquium: Topological insulators. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2010, 82, 3045-3067.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]
Wan, X. G.; Turner, A. M.; Vishwanath, A.; Savrasov, S. Y. Topological semimetal and Fermi-arc surface states in the electronic structure of pyrochlore iridates. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83, 205101.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]
Young, S. M.; Zaheer, S.; Teo, J. C. Y.; Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J.; Rappe, A. M. Dirac semimetal in three dimensions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 140405.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]
Wang, Z. J.; Weng, H. M.; Wu, Q. S.; Dai, X.; Fang, Z. Three-dimensional dirac semimetal and quantum transport in Cd3As2. Phys. Rev. B 2013, 88, 125427.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]
Wang, Z. J.; Sun, Y.; Chen, X. Q.; Franchini, C.; Xu, G.; Weng, H. M.; Dai, X.; Fang, Z. Dirac semimetal and topological phase transitions in A3Bi (A = Na, K, Rb). Phys. Rev. B 2012 85, 195320.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]
Weng, H. M.; Fang, C.; Fang, Z.; Bernevig, B. A.; Dai, X. Weyl semimetal phase in noncentrosymmetric transition-metal monophosphides. Phys. Rev. X 2015, 5, 011029.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]
Soluyanov, A. A.; Gresch, D.; Wang, Z. J.; Wu, Q. S.; Troyer, M.; Dai, X.; Bernevig, B. A. Type-II Weyl semimetals. Nature 2015, 527, 495-498.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]
Phillips, M.; Aji, V. Tunable line node semimetals. Phys. Rev. B 2014, 90, 115111.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]
Burkov, A. A.; Hook, M. D.; Balents, L. Topological nodal semimetals. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, 235126.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]
Kim, Y.; Wieder, B. J.; Kane, C. L.; Rappe, A. M. Dirac line nodes in inversion-symmetric crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 115, 036806.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]
Kopnin, N. B.; Heikkilä, T. T.; Volovik, G. E. High-temperature surface superconductivity in topological flat-band systems. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83, 220503.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]
Volovik, G. E. From standard model of particle physics to room-temperature superconductivity. Phys. Scr. 2015, 2015, 014014.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]
Rhim, J. W.; Kim, Y. B. Landau level quantization and almost flat modes in three-dimensional semimetals with nodal ring spectra. Phys. Rev. B 2015, 92, 045126.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]
Huh, Y.; Moon, E. G.; Kim, Y. B. Long-range Coulomb interaction in nodal-ring semimetals. Phys. Rev. B 2016, 93, 035138.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]
Wang, J. T.; Weng, H. M.; Nie, S. M.; Fang, Z.; Kawazoe, Y.; Chen, C. F. Body-centered orthorhombic C16: A novel topological node-line semimetal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016, 116, 195501.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]
Xu, Q. N.; Yu, R.; Fang, Z.; Dai, X.; Weng, H. M. Topological nodal line semimetals in the CaP3 family of materials. Phys. Rev. B 2017, 95, 045136.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]
Yu, R.; Wu, Q. S.; Fang, Z.; Weng, H. M. From nodal chain semimetal to Weyl semimetal in HfC. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017, 119, 036401.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]
Bzdušek, T.; Wu, Q. S.; Rüegg, A.; Sigrist, M.; Soluyanov, A. A. Nodal-chain metals. Nature 2016, 538, 75-78.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]
Feng, X.; Yue, C. M.; Song, Z. D.; Wu, Q. S.; Wen, B. Topological Dirac nodal-net fermions in AlB2-type TiB2 and ZrB2. Phys. Rev. Mater. 2018, 2, 014202.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]
Yu, R.; Weng, H. M.; Fang, Z.; Dai, X.; Hu, X. Topological node-line semimetal and dirac semimetal state in antiperovskite Cu3PdN. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 115, 036807.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]
Weng, H. M.; Liang, Y. Y.; Xu, Q. N.; Yu, R.; Fang, Z.; Dai, X.; Kawazoe, Y. Topological node-line semimetal in three-dimensional graphene networks. Phys. Rev. B 2015, 92, 045108.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]
Chen, W.; Lu, H. Z.; Hou, J. M. Topological semimetals with a double-helix nodal link. Phys. Rev. B 2017, 96, 041102.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]
Chang, P. Y.; Yee, C. H. Weyl-link semimetals. Phys. Rev. B 2017, 96, 081114.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]
Yan, Z. B.; Bi, R.; Shen, H. T.; Lu, L.; Zhang, S. C.; Wang, Z. Nodal-link semimetals. Phys. Rev. B 2017, 96, 041103.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]
Bi, R.; Yan, Z. B.; Lu, L.; Wang, Z. Nodal-knot semimetals. Phys. Rev. B 2017, 96, 201305.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]
Zhao, J. Z.; Yu, R.; Weng, H. M.; Fang, Z. Topological node-line semimetal in compressed black phosphorus. Phys. Rev. B 2016, 94, 195104.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]
Huang, H. Q.; Liu, J. P.; Vanderbilt, D.; Duan, W. H. Topological nodal-line semimetals in alkaline-earth stannides, germanides, and silicides. Phys. Rev. B 2016, 93, 201114.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]
Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, 11169-11186.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]
Perdew, J. P.; Burke, K.; Ernzerhof, M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77, 3865-3868.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]
Blöchl, P. E. Projector augmented-wave method. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 50, 17953-17979.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]
Mostofi, A. A.; Yates, J. R.; Pizzi, G.; Lee, Y. S.; Souza, I.; Vanderbilt, D.; Marzari, N. An updated version of Wannier90: A tool for obtaining maximally-localised Wannier functions. Comput. Phys. Commun. 2014, 185, 2309-2310.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]
Sancho, M. P. L.; Sancho, J. M. L.; Sancho, J. M. L.; Rubio, J. Highly convergent schemes for the calculation of bulk and surface Green functions. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 1985, 15, 851-858.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]
Wu, Q. S.; Zhang, S. N.; Song, H. F.; Troyer, M.; Soluyanov, A. A. WannierTools: An open-source software package for novel topological materials. Comput. Phys. Commun. 2018, 224, 405-416.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]
Barrett, C. S.; Cucka, P.; Haefner, K. The crystal structure of antimony at 4.2, 78 and 298 K. Acta Crystallogr. 1963, 16, 451-453.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]
Ji, J. P.; Song, X. F.; Liu, J. Z.; Yan, Z.; Huo, C. X.; Zhang, S. L.; Su, M.; Liao, L.; Wang, W. H.; Ni, Z. H. et al. Two-dimensional antimonene single crystals grown by van der Waals epitaxy. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 13352.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]
Zhang, P.; Ma, J. Z.; Ishida, Y.; Zhao, L. X.; Xu, Q. N.; Lv, B. Q.; Yaji, K.; Chen, G. F.; Weng, H. M.; Dai, X. et al. Topologically entangled Rashba-split Shockley states on the surface of grey arsenic. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017, 118, 046802.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]
Yamakage, A.; Yamakawa, Y.; Tanaka, Y.; Okamoto, Y. Line-node Dirac semimetal and topological insulating phase in noncentrosymmetric pnictides CaAgX (X = P, As). J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 2016, 85, 013708.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]
Kou, L. Z.; Ma, Y. D.; Sun, Z. Q.; Heine, T.; Chen, C. F. Two-dimensional topological insulators: Progress and prospects. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 1905-1919.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]
Kou, L. Z.; Yan, B. H.; Hu, F. M.; Wu, S. C.; Wehling, T. O.; Felser, C.; Chen, C. F.; Frauenheim, T. Graphene-based topological insulator with an intrinsic bulk band gap above room temperature. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 6251-6255.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]
Ma, Y. D.; Dai, Y.; Kou, L. Z.; Frauenheim, T.; Heine, T. Robust two-dimensional topological insulators in methyl-functionalized bismuth, antimony, and lead bilayer films. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 1083-1089.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]
Du, Y. P.; Tang, F.; Wang, D.; Sheng, L.; Kan, E. J.; Duan, C. G.; Savrasov, S. Y.; Wan, X. G. CaTe: A new topological node-line and Dirac semimetal. NPJ Quantum Mater. 2017, 2, 3.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]
Huang, S. M.; Xu, S. Y.; Belopolski, I.; Lee, C. C.; Chang, G. Q.; Wang, B. K.; Alidoust, N.; Bian, G.; Neupane, M.; Zhang, C. L. et al. A Weyl Fermion semimetal with surface Fermi arcs in the transition metal monopnictide TaAs class. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 7373.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]
Weng, H. M.; Fang, C.; Fang, Z.; Dai, X. Coexistence of Weyl fermion and massless triply degenerate nodal points. Phys. Rev. B 2016, 94, 165201.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 23 November 2019
Revised: 16 January 2020
Accepted: 09 February 2020
Published: 11 March 2020
Issue date: April 2020

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Acknowledgements

We thank Lu H., Liu X. F. and Zhang Z. H. for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51535005), the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures (Nos. MCMS-I-0418K01 and MCMS-I-0419K01), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. NC2018001, NP2019301, and NJ2019002), A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX17_0227).

Return