Bio-inspired micro/nanostructures for flexible and stretchable electronics

The remarkable ability of biological systems to sense and adapt to complex environmental conditions has inspired the design of next-generation electronics with advanced functionalities. This review focuses on emerging bio-inspired strategies for the development of flexible and stretchable electronics that can accommodate mechanical deformations and integrate seamlessly with biological systems. We will provide an overview of the practical considerations in the materials and structure designs of flexible and stretchable electronics. Recent progress in bio-inspired pressure/strain sensors, stretchable electrodes, mesh electronics, and flexible energy devices are then discussed, with an emphasis on their unconventional micro/nanostructure designs and advanced functionalities. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are identified and discussed.