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Nano Research 2019, 12(12): 2997-3002 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2543-0
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 05 November 2019

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

Show Author's Information Yuhan Wu1,  Yang Xu2( ),  Yueliang Li3,  Pengbo Lyu4,  Jin Wen5,  Chenglin Zhang1,  Min Zhou1,  Yaoguo Fang1,  Huaping Zhao1,  Ute Kaiser3,  Yong Lei1( )
Fachgebiet Angewandte NanophysikInstitut für Physik & ZMN MacroNano (ZIK)Technische Universit?t IlmenauIlmenau98693Germany
University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUK
Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUlm UniversityUlm89081Germany
Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University12843Prague 2, Czech Republic
Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic16610Prague 6, Czech Republic
Keywords:
anode, intercalation, potassium-ion battery, WS2
Topics:
AnodesIonsPotassiumSecondary batteriesTransition metalsTungsten compoundsVan der Waals forces
Cite this article:
Wu Y, Xu Y, Li Y, et al. Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode. Nano Research, 2019, 12(12): 2997-3002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2543-0
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Unexpected intercalation-dominated process is observed during K+ insertion in WS2 in a voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V. This is different from the previously reported two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides that undergo a conversion reaction in a low voltage range when used as anodes in potassium-ion batteries. Charge/discharge processes in the K and Na cells are studied in parallel to demonstrate the different ion storage mechanisms. The Na+ storage proceeds through intercalation and conversion reactions while the K+ storage is governed by an intercalation reaction. Owing to the reversible K+ intercalation in the van der Waals gaps, the WS2 anode exhibits a low decay rate of 0.07% per cycle, delivering a capacity of 103 mAh·g-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA·g-1. It maintains 57% capacity at 800 mA·g-1 and shows stable cyclability up to 400 cycles at 500 mA·g-1. Kinetics study proves the facilitation of K+ transport is derived from the intercalation-dominated mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanism is verified by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the progressive expansion of the interlayer space can account for the observed results.


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About this article

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

Show Author's information Yuhan Wu1, Yang Xu2( ), Yueliang Li3, Pengbo Lyu4, Jin Wen5, Chenglin Zhang1, Min Zhou1, Yaoguo Fang1, Huaping Zhao1, Ute Kaiser3, Yong Lei1( )
Fachgebiet Angewandte NanophysikInstitut für Physik & ZMN MacroNano (ZIK)Technische Universit?t IlmenauIlmenau98693Germany
University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUK
Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUlm UniversityUlm89081Germany
Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University12843Prague 2, Czech Republic
Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic16610Prague 6, Czech Republic

Abstract

Unexpected intercalation-dominated process is observed during K+ insertion in WS2 in a voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V. This is different from the previously reported two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides that undergo a conversion reaction in a low voltage range when used as anodes in potassium-ion batteries. Charge/discharge processes in the K and Na cells are studied in parallel to demonstrate the different ion storage mechanisms. The Na+ storage proceeds through intercalation and conversion reactions while the K+ storage is governed by an intercalation reaction. Owing to the reversible K+ intercalation in the van der Waals gaps, the WS2 anode exhibits a low decay rate of 0.07% per cycle, delivering a capacity of 103 mAh·g-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA·g-1. It maintains 57% capacity at 800 mA·g-1 and shows stable cyclability up to 400 cycles at 500 mA·g-1. Kinetics study proves the facilitation of K+ transport is derived from the intercalation-dominated mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanism is verified by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the progressive expansion of the interlayer space can account for the observed results.

Keywords: anode, intercalation, potassium-ion battery, WS2

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Received: 14 August 2019
Revised: 01 October 2019
Accepted: 12 October 2019
Published: 05 November 2019
Issue date: December 2019

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© The Author(s) 2019

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG: LE 2249/4-1 and LE 2249/5-1). Yuhan Wu would like to acknowledge the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the financial support.

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