Journal Home > Volume 12 , Issue 7

Mn-doped all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) provide prominent applications in the fields of low-cost light source or display, because of their remarkable properties including dual-color emission and reduced lead content, as well as high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and high stability. However, the existing synthesis approaches usually require hash conditions, such as high temperature and nitrogen protection, which is a major hurdler for the practical manufacturing. In addition, the significantly high Mn substitution ratio in CsPbX3 QDs is still challenging. The real dual-color emission with two strong emission peaks in the Mn-doped all-inorganic perovskite QDs has attracted great interest. Here we present a gram-scale approach to synthesize both CsPbxMn1−xCl3 and CsPb1−xMnxClyBr3−y QDs at 100 ℃ in the air with high Mn substitution ratio, up to 55.64% atomically. The as-prepared CsPb1−xMnxClyBr3−y QDs exhibit high PLQYs of 62.41% and dual-color emission with two strong emission peaks around at 400–450 nm and 600 nm, respectively. The enhanced peak at 400−450 nm is a result of the hybrid halides in CsPbBrxCl3−x host. Furthermore, the unique advantage of the optical emission and high PLQYs properties of the CsPbxMn1−xCl3 QDs has been demonstrated as invisible ink for encryption applications and polymer composites. Our gram-scale synthesis approach for Mn-doped all-inorganic perovskite QDs may boost the future research and practical applications of QDs-based white LED, spintronics, and molecular barcoding.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Gram-scale synthesis of all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots with high Mn substitution ratio and enhanced dual-color emission

Show Author's information Lvming Dong1,2,§Zhuo Chen1,2,§Lei Ye1,2( )Yan Yu1,2Jianbing Zhang1Huan Liu1Jianfeng Zang1,2( )
School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,430074,China;
Innovation Institute,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,430074,China;

§Lvming Dong and Zhuo Chen contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Mn-doped all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) provide prominent applications in the fields of low-cost light source or display, because of their remarkable properties including dual-color emission and reduced lead content, as well as high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and high stability. However, the existing synthesis approaches usually require hash conditions, such as high temperature and nitrogen protection, which is a major hurdler for the practical manufacturing. In addition, the significantly high Mn substitution ratio in CsPbX3 QDs is still challenging. The real dual-color emission with two strong emission peaks in the Mn-doped all-inorganic perovskite QDs has attracted great interest. Here we present a gram-scale approach to synthesize both CsPbxMn1−xCl3 and CsPb1−xMnxClyBr3−y QDs at 100 ℃ in the air with high Mn substitution ratio, up to 55.64% atomically. The as-prepared CsPb1−xMnxClyBr3−y QDs exhibit high PLQYs of 62.41% and dual-color emission with two strong emission peaks around at 400–450 nm and 600 nm, respectively. The enhanced peak at 400−450 nm is a result of the hybrid halides in CsPbBrxCl3−x host. Furthermore, the unique advantage of the optical emission and high PLQYs properties of the CsPbxMn1−xCl3 QDs has been demonstrated as invisible ink for encryption applications and polymer composites. Our gram-scale synthesis approach for Mn-doped all-inorganic perovskite QDs may boost the future research and practical applications of QDs-based white LED, spintronics, and molecular barcoding.

Keywords: quantum dots, gram-scale, enhanced dual-color emission, all-inorganic perovskite, invisible ink, polymer composites

References(37)

1

Pan, J.; Quan, L. N.; Zhao, Y. B.; Peng, W.; Murali, B.; Sarmah, S. P.; Yuan, M. J.; Sinatra, L.; Alyami, N. M.; Liu, J. K. et al. Highly efficient perovskite-quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by surface engineering. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 8718-8725.

2

Zhang, F.; Zhong, H. Z.; Chen, C.; Wu, X. G.; Hu, X. M.; Huang, H. L.; Han, J. B.; Zou, B. S.; Dong, Y. P. Brightly luminescent and color-tunable colloidal CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, I, Cl) quantum dots: Potential alternatives for display technology. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 4533-4542.

3

Li, X. M.; Yu, D. J.; Cao, F.; Gu, Y.; Wei, Y.; Wu, Y.; Song, J. Z.; Zeng, H. B. Healing all-inorganic perovskite films via recyclable dissolution-recyrstallization for compact and smooth carrier channels of optoelectronic devices with high stability. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 5903-5912.

4

Zhang, X. L.; Xu, B.; Zhang, J. B.; Gao, Y.; Zheng, Y. J.; Wang, K.; Sun, X. W. All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals for high-efficiency light emitting diodes: Dual-phase CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 composites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 4595-4600.

5

Nozik, A. J. Nanophotonics: Making the most of photons. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 548-549.

6

Tan, Z. K.; Moghaddam, R. S.; Lai, M. L.; Docampo, P.; Higler, R.; Deschler, F.; Price, M.; Sadhanala, A.; Pazos, L. M.; Credgington, D. et al. Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 687-692.

7

Yoon, H. C.; Kang, H.; Lee, S.; Oh, J. H.; Yang, H.; Do, Y. R. Study of perovskite QD down-converted LEDs and six-color white LEDs for future displays with excellent color performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 18189-18200.

8

Zhang, X. J.; Wang, H. C.; Tang, A. C.; Lin, S. Y.; Tong, H. C.; Chen, C. Y.; Lee, Y. C.; Tsai, T. L.; Liu, R. S. Robust and stable narrow-band green emitter: An option for advanced wide-color-gamut backlight display. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 8493-8497.

9

Zhang, X. Y.; Lin, H.; Huang, H.; Reckmeier, C.; Zhang, Y.; Choy, W. C. H.; Rogach, A. L. Enhancing the brightness of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystal based green light-emitting devices through the interface engineering with perfluorinated ionomer. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 1415-1420.

10

de Roo, J.; Ibáñez, M.; Geiregat, P.; Nedelcu, G.; Walravens, W.; Maes, J.; Martins, J. C.; van Driessche, I.; Kovalenko, M. V.; Hens, Z. Highly dynamic ligand binding and light absorption coefficient of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 2071-2081.

11

Li, X. M.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, S. L.; Cai, B.; Gu, Y.; Song, J. Z.; Zeng, H. B. CsPbX3 quantum dots for lighting and displays: Room-temperature synthesis, photoluminescence superiorities, underlying origins and white light-emitting diodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 2435-2445.

12

Veldhuis, S. A.; Boix, P. P.; Yantara, N.; Li, M. J.; Sum, T. C.; Mathews, N.; Mhaisalkar, S. G. Perovskite materials for light-emitting diodes and lasers. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 6804-6834.

13

Aldakov, D; Lefrançois, A.; Reiss, P. Ternary and quaternary metal chalcogenide nanocrystals: Synthesis, properties and applications. J. Mater. Chem. C 2013, 1, 3756-3776.

14

Lee, M. M.; Teuscher, J.; Miyasaka, T.; Murakami, T. N.; Snaith, H. J. Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites. Science 2012, 338, 643-647.

15

Saliba, M.; Matsui, T.; Seo, J. Y.; Domanski, K.; Correa-Baena, J. P.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Tress, W.; Abate, A.; Hagfeldt, A. et al. Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: Improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 1989-1997.

16

Yao, E. P.; Yang, Z. L.; Meng, L.; Sun, P. Y.; Dong, S. Q.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y. High-brightness blue and white LEDs based on inorganic perovskite nanocrystals and their composites. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606859.

17

Akkerman, Q. A.; D'Innocenzo, V.; Accornero, S.; Scarpellini, A.; Petrozza, A.; Prato, M.; Manna, L. Tuning the optical properties of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals by anion exchange reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 10276-10281.

18

Protesescu, L.; Yakunin, S.; Bodnarchuk, M. I.; Krieg, F.; Caputo, R.; Hendon, C. H.; Yang, R. X.; Walsh, A.; Kovalenko, M. V. Nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel optoelectronic materials showing bright emission with wide color gamut. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 3692-3696.

19

Hai, J.; Li, H.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, F. J.; Peng, Y.; Wang, B. D. Designing of blue, green, and red CsPbX3 perovskite-codoped flexible films with water resistant property and elimination of anion-exchange for tunable white light emission. Chem. Commun. 2017, 53, 5400-5403.

20

van der Stam, W.; Geuchies, J. J.; Altantzis, T.; van den Bos, K. H. W.; Meeldijk, J. D.; van Aert, S.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; de Mello Donega, C. Highly emissive divalent-ion-doped colloidal CsPb1−xMxBr3 perovskite nanocrystals through cation exchange. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 4087-4097.

21

Hu, Q. S.; Li, Z.; Tan, Z. F.; Song, H. B.; Ge, C.; Niu, G. D.; Han, J. T.; Tang, J. Rare earth ion-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2018, 6, 1700864.

22

Jellicoe, T. C.; Richter, J. M.; Glass, H. F. J.; Tabachnyk, M.; Brady, R.; Dutton, S. E.; Rao, A.; Friend, R. H.; Credgington, D.; Greenham, N. C. et al. Synthesis and optical properties of lead-free cesium tin halide perovskite nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 2941-2944.

23

Leng, M. Y.; Chen, Z. W.; Yang, Y.; Li, Z.; Zeng, K.; Li, K. H.; Niu, G. D.; He, Y. S.; Zhou, Q. C.; Tang, J. Lead-free, blue emitting bismuth halide perovskite quantum dots. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 15012-15016.

24

Liu, H. W.; Wu, Z. N.; Shao, J. R.; Yao, D.; Gao, H.; Liu, Y.; Yu, W. L.; Zhang, H.; Yang, B. CsPbxMn1−xCl3 perovskite quantum dots with high Mn substitution ratio. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 2239-2247.

25

Liu, W. Y.; Lin, Q. L.; Li, H. B.; Wu, K. F.; Robel, I.; Pietryga, J. M.; Klimov, V. I. Mn2+-doped lead halide perovskite nanocrystals with dualcolor emission controlled by halide content. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 14954-14961.

26

Parobek, D.; Roman, B. J.; Dong, Y. T.; Jin, H.; Lee, E.; Sheldon, M.; Son, D. H. Exciton-to-dopant energy transfer in Mn-doped cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 7376-7380.

27

Mir, W. J.; Jagadeeswararao, M.; Das, S.; Nag, A. Colloidal Mn-doped cesium lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets. ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 2, 537-543.

28

Zou, S. H.; Liu, Y. S.; Li, J. H.; Liu, C. P.; Feng, R.; Jiang, F. L.; Li, Y. X.; Song, J. Z.; Zeng, H. B.; Hong, M. C. et al. Stabilizing cesium lead halide perovskite lattice through Mn(Ⅱ) substitution for air-stable light-emitting diodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 11443-11450.

29

Nag, A.; Chakraborty, S.; Sarma, D. D. To dope Mn2+ in a semiconducting nanocrystal. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 10605-10611.

30

Zhu, J. R.; Yang, X. L.; Zhu, Y. H.; Wang, Y. W.; Cai, J.; Shen, J. H.; Sun, L. Y.; Li, C. Z. Room-temperature synthesis of Mn-doped cesium lead halide quantum dots with high Mn substitution ratio. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 4167–4171.

31

Xu, K. Y.; Lin, C. C.; Xie, X. B.; Meijerink. A. Efficient and stable luminescence from Mn2+ in core and core−isocrystalline shell CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 4265-4272.

32

Battaglia, D.; Blackman, B.; Peng, X. G. Coupled and decoupled dual quantum systems in one semiconductor nanocrystal. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 10889-10897.

33

Sapra, S.; Mayilo, S.; Klar, T. A.; Rogach, A. L.; Feldmann, J. Bright white-light emission from semiconductor nanocrystals: By chance and by design. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 569-572.

34

Wang, P. C.; Dong, B. H.; Cui, Z. J.; Gao, R. J.; Su, G.; Wang, W.; Cao, L. X. Synthesis and characterization of Mn-doped CsPb(Cl/Br)3 perovskite nanocrystals with controllable dual-color emission. RSC Adv. 2018, 8, 1940-1947.

35

Pan, A. Z.; He, B.; Fan, X. Y.; Liu, Z. K.; Urban, J. J.; Alivisatos, A. P.; He, L.; Liu, Y. Insight into the ligand-mediated synthesis of colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals: The role of organic acid, base, and cesium precursors. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 7943-7954.

36

Huang, G. G.; Wang, C. L.; Xu, S. H.; Zong, S. F.; Lu, J.; Wang, Z. Y.; Lu, C. G.; Cui, Y. P. Postsynthetic doping of MnCl2 molecules into preformed CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals via a halide exchange-driven cation exchange. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1700095.

37

Bai, D. L.; Zhang, J. R.; Jin, Z. W.; Bian, H.; Wang, K.; Wang, H. R.; Liang, L.; Wang, Q.; Liu, S. F. Interstitial Mn2+-driven high-aspect-ratio grain growth for low-trap-density microcrystalline films for record efficiency CsPbI2Br solar cells. ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 3, 970-978.

Video
12274_2019_2430_MOESM1_ESM.mp4
File
12274_2019_2430_MOESM2_ESM.pdf (3 MB)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 16 September 2018
Revised: 02 May 2019
Accepted: 03 May 2019
Published: 15 May 2019
Issue date: July 2019

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFB1105100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51572096 and 61704061). We thank Flexible Electronics Research Center of HUST for carrying out the field emission scanning electron microscope measurements, and the Analytical and Testing Center in HUST for TEM, XRD, UV–vis, PL tests.

Return