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Nano Research 2018, 11(10): 5173-5192 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2095-8
Review Article | Issue | Published: 31 May 2018

Development of mRNA vaccines and their prophylactic and therapeutic applications

Show Author's Information Kyuri Lee§,  Minjeong Kim§,  Yunmi Seo,  Hyukjin Lee( )
College of PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoul13760Republic of Korea

§ Kyuri Lee and Minjeong Kim contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, prophylactic vaccines, self-amplifying mRNA vaccines, therapeutic vaccine, cancer immunotherapy
Cite this article:
Lee K, Kim M, Seo Y, et al. Development of mRNA vaccines and their prophylactic and therapeutic applications. Nano Research, 2018, 11(10): 5173-5192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2095-8
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Abstract Full text About this article

Nucleic acid vaccines have attracted enormous attention for resolving the limitations of conventional vaccines using live attenuated viruses. Because nucleic acid vaccines can be produced rapidly in response to the emergence of new virus strains, they are more appropriate for the control of urgent epidemic and pandemic issues. In particular, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have evolved as a new type of nucleic acid vaccines in accordance with their superior protein expression and a lack of mutagenesis as compared with DNA vaccines. Using mRNA vaccines, large amounts of target proteins can be expressed in immune cells for efficient immunization. For instance, antigen-specific vaccination is a feasible option involving the expression of specific antigens in antigen-presenting cells. Immunological reactions are modulated by expressing several proteins associated with stimulation or maturation of immune cells. In addition, mRNA vaccines can stimulate innate immunity through specific recognition by pattern recognition receptors. On the basis of these remarkable properties, mRNA vaccines have been used for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. This review highlights the role of mRNA vaccines as prophylactic vaccines for prevention of future infections and as therapeutic vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. In addition to the conventional type of mRNA vaccines, RNA replicons (self-amplifying mRNA vaccines) will be described.


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About this article

Development of mRNA vaccines and their prophylactic and therapeutic applications

Show Author's information Kyuri Lee§, Minjeong Kim§, Yunmi Seo, Hyukjin Lee( )
College of PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans UniversitySeoul13760Republic of Korea

§ Kyuri Lee and Minjeong Kim contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Nucleic acid vaccines have attracted enormous attention for resolving the limitations of conventional vaccines using live attenuated viruses. Because nucleic acid vaccines can be produced rapidly in response to the emergence of new virus strains, they are more appropriate for the control of urgent epidemic and pandemic issues. In particular, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have evolved as a new type of nucleic acid vaccines in accordance with their superior protein expression and a lack of mutagenesis as compared with DNA vaccines. Using mRNA vaccines, large amounts of target proteins can be expressed in immune cells for efficient immunization. For instance, antigen-specific vaccination is a feasible option involving the expression of specific antigens in antigen-presenting cells. Immunological reactions are modulated by expressing several proteins associated with stimulation or maturation of immune cells. In addition, mRNA vaccines can stimulate innate immunity through specific recognition by pattern recognition receptors. On the basis of these remarkable properties, mRNA vaccines have been used for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. This review highlights the role of mRNA vaccines as prophylactic vaccines for prevention of future infections and as therapeutic vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. In addition to the conventional type of mRNA vaccines, RNA replicons (self-amplifying mRNA vaccines) will be described.

Keywords: messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, prophylactic vaccines, self-amplifying mRNA vaccines, therapeutic vaccine, cancer immunotherapy

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 14 March 2018
Revised: 09 May 2018
Accepted: 11 May 2018
Published: 31 May 2018
Issue date: October 2018

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (Pioneer Research Center Program (No. 2014M3C1A3054153), Basic Science Research Program (No. 2015R1A1A1A05027352)) and Ministry of Education (Basic Science Research Program (No. 2017R1D1A1B03028278)).

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