Journal Home > Volume 11 , Issue 6
Nano Research 2018, 11(6): 3050-3064 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2047-3
Review Article | Issue | Published: 22 May 2018

Plasmon-enhanced ZnO whispering-gallery mode lasing

Show Author's Information Chunxiang Xu1( ),  Feifei Qin1,  Qiuxiang Zhu1,2,  Junfeng Lu1,3,  Yueyue Wang4,  Jitao Li5,  Yi Lin6,  Qiannan Cui1,  Zengliang Shi1,  Arumugam Gowri Manohari1
State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
College of Information and Electronic EngineeringHunan City UniversityYiyang413000China
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
School of SciencesZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhou311300China
School of Physics and Telecommunications EngineeringZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou466001China
Department of Mathematics and PhysicsHuaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuaiyin223306China
Keywords:
ZnO microcavity, surface plasmon, whispering-gallery mode
Cite this article:
Xu C, Qin F, Zhu Q, et al. Plasmon-enhanced ZnO whispering-gallery mode lasing. Nano Research, 2018, 11(6): 3050-3064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2047-3
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

664

Views

14

Downloads

Citations

61

Crossref

N/A

WoS

61

Scopus

3

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

Collaborative enhancements from surface plasmons (SPs) and whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) can induce intense near-field effects with high spatial localization around the surface of a semiconducting material. One can construct a highly efficient hybrid microcavity using semiconducting materials through resonant coupling between SPs and WGMs. Hexagonal ZnO micro-/nanostructures, which have been employed as natural WGM microcavities for ultraviolet (UV) lasing, can be used as ideal platforms to construct such hybrid microcavities. Here, we comprehensively review the recent efforts for improving lasing performance by resonant coupling between SPs and WGMs. Traditional SPs originating from various metals as well as novel SPs originating from atomic layers such as graphene are considered. Moreover, we discuss the mechanism of light-matter interactions beyond the improvements in lasing performance.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Plasmon-enhanced ZnO whispering-gallery mode lasing

Show Author's information Chunxiang Xu1( ), Feifei Qin1, Qiuxiang Zhu1,2, Junfeng Lu1,3, Yueyue Wang4, Jitao Li5, Yi Lin6, Qiannan Cui1, Zengliang Shi1, Arumugam Gowri Manohari1
State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
College of Information and Electronic EngineeringHunan City UniversityYiyang413000China
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
School of SciencesZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhou311300China
School of Physics and Telecommunications EngineeringZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou466001China
Department of Mathematics and PhysicsHuaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuaiyin223306China

Abstract

Collaborative enhancements from surface plasmons (SPs) and whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) can induce intense near-field effects with high spatial localization around the surface of a semiconducting material. One can construct a highly efficient hybrid microcavity using semiconducting materials through resonant coupling between SPs and WGMs. Hexagonal ZnO micro-/nanostructures, which have been employed as natural WGM microcavities for ultraviolet (UV) lasing, can be used as ideal platforms to construct such hybrid microcavities. Here, we comprehensively review the recent efforts for improving lasing performance by resonant coupling between SPs and WGMs. Traditional SPs originating from various metals as well as novel SPs originating from atomic layers such as graphene are considered. Moreover, we discuss the mechanism of light-matter interactions beyond the improvements in lasing performance.

Keywords: ZnO microcavity, surface plasmon, whispering-gallery mode

References(119)

1

Clavero, C. Plasmon-induced hot-electron generation at nanoparticle/metal-oxide interfaces for photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices. Nat. Photonics 2014, 8, 95–103.
DOI Google Scholar
2

Kauranen, M.; Zayats, A. V. Nonlinear plasmonics. Nat. Photonics 2012, 6, 737–748.
DOI Google Scholar
3

Cortie, M. B.; McDonagh, A. M. Synthesis and optical properties of hybrid and alloy plasmonic nanoparticles. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3713–3735.
DOI Google Scholar
4

Zhu, Q. X.; Hu, C. D.; Wang, W. J.; He, M. A.; Zhou, J.; Zhao, L. Z.; Peng, Z. X.; Li, S. T.; Zhu, N.; Zhang, Y. Surface plasmon interference pattern on the surface of a silver-clad planar waveguide as a sub-micron lithography tool. Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 2011, 54, 240–244.
DOI Google Scholar
5

Bozhevolnyi, S. I.; Volkov, V. S.; Devaux, E.; Laluet, J. Y.; Ebbesen, T. W. Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators. Nature 2006, 440, 508–511.
DOI Google Scholar
6

Zayats, A. V.; Smolyaninov, I. I.; Maradudin, A. A. Nano-optics of surface plasmon polaritons. Phys. Rep. 2005, 408, 131–314.
DOI Google Scholar
7

Liu, L.; Han, Z. H.; He, S. L. Novel surface plasmon waveguide for high integration. Opt. Express 2005, 13, 6645–6650.
DOI Google Scholar
8

Li, Y. J.; Hong, Y.; Peng, Q.; Yao, J. N.; Zhao, Y. S. Orientation-dependent exciton-plasmon coupling in embedded organic/metal nanowire heterostructures. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 10106–10112.
DOI Google Scholar
9

Li, Y. J.; Yan, Y. L.; Zhang, C.; Zhao, Y. S.; Yao, J. N. Embedded branch-like organic/metal nanowire heterostructures: Liquid-phase synthesis, efficient photon-plasmon coupling, and optical signal manipulation. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2784–2788.
DOI Google Scholar
10

Liedberg, B.; Nylander, C.; Lundström, I. Biosensing with surface plasmon resonance—How it all started. Biosens. Bioelectron. 1995, 10, i–ix.
DOI Google Scholar
11

Feng, J.; Siu, V. S.; Roelke, A.; Mehta, V.; Rhieu, S. Y.; Palmore, G. T. R.; Pacifici, D. Nanoscale plasmonic interferometers for multispectral, high-throughput biochemical sensing. Nano. Lett. 2012, 12, 602–609.
DOI Google Scholar
12

Shahzad, M.; Medhi, G.; Peale, R. E.; Buchwald, W. R.; Cleary, J. W.; Soref, R.; Boreman, G. D.; Edwards, O. Infrared surface plasmons on heavily doped silicon. J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 110, 123105.
DOI Google Scholar
13

Barnes, W. L.; Dereux, A.; Ebbesen, T. W. Surface plasmon subwavelength optics. Nature 2003, 424, 824–830.
DOI Google Scholar
14

Panoiu, N. C.; Osgood, R. M. Subwavelength nonlinear plasmonic nanowire. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 2427–2430.
DOI Google Scholar
15

Hu, M. S.; Chen, H. L.; Shen, C. H.; Hong, L. S.; Huang, B. R.; Chen, K. H.; Chen, L. C. Photosensitive gold-nanoparticle-embedded dielectric nanowires. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 102–106.
DOI Google Scholar
16

Zhou, F.; Liu, Y.; Li, Z. Y.; Xia, Y. N. Analytical model for optical bistability in nonlinear metal nano-antennae involving Kerr materials. Opt. Express 2010, 18, 13337–13344.
DOI Google Scholar
17

Köhler, R.; Tredicucci, A.; Beltram, F.; Beere, H. E.; Linfield, E. H.; Davies, A. G.; Ritchie, D. A.; Iotti, R. C.; Rossi, F. Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser. Nature 2002, 417, 156–159.
DOI Google Scholar
18

Okamoto, K.; Niki, I.; Shvartser, A.; Narukawa, Y.; Mukai, T.; Scherer, A. Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on ingan quantum wells. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 601–605.
DOI Google Scholar
19

Kwon, M. K.; Kim, J. Y.; Kim, B. H.; Park, I. K.; Cho, C. Y.; Byeon, C. C.; Park, S. J. Surface-plasmon-enhanced light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 1253–1257.
DOI Google Scholar
20

Zhang, Q.; Li, G. Y.; Liu, X. F.; Qian, F.; Li, Y.; Sum, T. C.; Lieber, C. M.; Xiong, Q. H. A room temperature low-threshold ultraviolet plasmonic nanolaser. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4953.
DOI Google Scholar
21

Qiu, Z. R.; Wong, K. S.; Wu, M. M.; Lin, W. J.; Xu, H. F. Microcavity lasing behavior of oriented hexagonal ZnO nanowhiskers grown by hydrothermal oxidation. Appl. Phy. Lett. 2004, 84, 2739–2741.
DOI Google Scholar
22

Zhu, H.; Shan, C. X.; Yao, B.; Li, B. H.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, Z. Z.; Zhao, D. X.; Shen, D. Z.; Fan, X. W.; Lu, Y. M. et al. Ultralow-threshold laser realized in zinc oxide. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 1613–1617.
DOI Google Scholar
23

Chu, S.; Wang, G. P.; Zhou, W. H.; Lin, Y. Q.; Chernyak, L.; Zhao, J. Z.; Kong, J. Y.; Li, L.; Ren, J. J.; Liu, J. L. Electrically pumped waveguide lasing from ZnO nanowires. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 506–510.
DOI Google Scholar
24

Cao, H.; Zhao, Y. G.; Ho, S. T.; Seelig, E. W.; Wang, Q. H.; Chang, R. P. H. Random laser action in semiconductor powder. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 82, 2278–2281.
DOI Google Scholar
25

Choy, J. H.; Jang, E. S.; Won, J. H.; Chung, J. H.; Jang, D. J.; Kim, Y. W. Soft solution route to directionally grown ZnO nanorod arrays on Si wafer; room-temperature ultraviolet laser. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1911–1914.
DOI Google Scholar
26

Wiersig, J. Hexagonal dielectric resonators and microcrystal lasers. Phys. Rev. A 2003, 67, 23807–23823.
DOI Google Scholar
27

Zhu, G. Y.; Li, J. T.; Tian, Z. S.; Dai, J.; Wang, Y. Y.; Li, P. L.; Xu, C. X. Electro-pumped whispering gallery mode ZnO microlaser array. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2015, 106, 21111–21115.
DOI Google Scholar
28

Bashar, S. B.; Wu, C. X.; Suja, M.; Tian, H.; Shi, W. H.; Liu, J. L. Electrically pumped whispering gallery mode lasing from Au/ZnO microwire schottky junction. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2016, 4, 2063–2067.
DOI Google Scholar
29

Chu, S.; Olmedo, M.; Yang, Z.; Kong, J. Y.; Liu, J. L. Electrically pumped ultraviolet ZnO diode lasers on Si. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93, 181106.
DOI Google Scholar
30

Dai, J.; Xu, C. X.; Sun, X. W. ZnO-microrod/p-GaN heterostructured whispering-gallery-mode microlaser diodes. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4115–4120.
DOI Google Scholar
31

Lin, J. M.; Lin, H. Y.; Cheng, C. L.; Chen, Y. F. Giant enhancement of bandgap emission of ZnO nanorods by platinum nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2006, 17, 4391–4394.
DOI Google Scholar
32

Lin, Y.; Liu, X. Q.; Wang, T.; Chen, C.; Wu, H.; Liao, L.; Liu, C. Shape-dependent localized surface plasmon enhanced UV-emission from ZnO grown by atomic layer deposition. Nanotechnology 2013, 24, 125705.
DOI Google Scholar
33

Sidiropoulos, T. P. H.; Röder, R.; Geburt, S.; Hess, O.; Maier, S. A.; Ronning, C.; Oulton, R. F. Ultrafast plasmonic nanowire lasers near the surface plasmon frequency. Nat. Phys. 2014, 10, 870–876.
DOI Google Scholar
34

Chou, Y. H.; Wu, Y. M.; Hong, K. B.; Chou, B. T.; Shih, J. H.; Chung, Y. C.; Chen, P. Y.; Lin, T. R.; Lin, C. C.; Lin, S. D. et al. High-operation-temperature plasmonic nanolasers on single-crystalline aluminum. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 3179–3186.
DOI Google Scholar
35

Ren, M. L.; Liu, W. J.; Aspetti, C. O.; Sun, L. X.; Agarwal, R. Enhanced second-harmonic generation from metal-integrated semiconductor nanowires via highly confined whispering gallery modes. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5432.
DOI Google Scholar
36

Lin, H. Y.; Cheng, C. L.; Chou, Y. Y.; Huang, L. L.; Chen, Y. F.; Tsen, K. T. Enhancement of band gap emission stimulated by defect loss. Opt. Express 2006, 14, 2372–2379.
DOI Google Scholar
37

Abiyasa, A. P.; Yu, S. F.; Lau, S. P.; Leong, E. S. P.; Yang, H. Y. Enhancement of ultraviolet lasing from Ag-coated highly disordered ZnO films by surface-plasmon resonance. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 231106.
DOI Google Scholar
38

Zhang, S. G.; Wen, L.; Li, J. L.; Gao, F. L.; Zhang, X. W.; Li, L. H.; Li, G. Q. Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from highly ordered ZnO nanorods/graphene hybrid structure decorated with Au nanospheres. J. Phy. D: Appl. Phys 2014, 47, 495103–495109.
DOI Google Scholar
39

Jiang, M. M.; Li, J. T.; Xu, C. X.; Wang, S. P.; Shan, C. X.; Xuan, B.; Ning, Y. Q.; Shen, D. Z. Graphene induced high-Q hybridized plasmonic whispering gallery mode microcavities. Opt. Express 2014, 22, 23836–23850.
DOI Google Scholar
40

Liu, Y.; Willis, R. F.; Emtsev, K.; Seyller, T. Plasmon dispersion and damping in electrically isolated two-dimensional charge sheets. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 201403–201407.
DOI Google Scholar
41

Liu, R.; Fu, X. W.; Meng, J.; Bie, Y. Q.; Yu, D. P.; Liao, Z. M. Graphene plasmon enhanced photoluminescence in ZnO microwires. Nanoscale 2013, 5, 5294–5298.
DOI Google Scholar
42

Li, J. T.; Lin, Y.; Lu, J. F.; Xu, C. X.; Wang, Y. Y.; Shi, Z. L.; Dai, J. Single mode ZnO whispering-gallery submicron cavity and graphene improved lasing performance. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 6794–6800.
DOI Google Scholar
43

Tai, Y.; Guo, Z. C.; Sharma, J. Improved charge separation properties of organic hetero-junction solar cells by self-assembled monolayers anchored Ag nanoparticles. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2011, 11, 10813–10816.
DOI Google Scholar
44

Theiss, J. R. Design and characterization of metal and semiconducting nanostructures and nanodevices. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Southern California, CA, 2013.
Google Scholar
45

Ujihara, M.; Dang, N. M.; Imae, T. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of rhodamine 6G in dispersions and on films of confeito-like Au nanoparticles. Sensors 2017, 17, 2563–2580.
DOI Google Scholar
46

Jia, Y. R.; Zhang, L.; Song, L. P.; Dai, L. W.; Lu, X. F.; Huang, Y. J.; Zhang, J. W.; Guo, Z. Y.; Chen, T. Giant vesicles with anchored tiny gold nanowires: Fabrication and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Langmuir 2017, 33, 13376–13383.
DOI Google Scholar
47

Kochuveedu, S. T.; Kim, D. P.; Kim, D. H. Surface-plasmon-induced visible light photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanospheres decorated by Au nanoparticles with controlled configuration. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 2500–2506.
DOI Google Scholar
48

Jiang, J.; Zhang, L. Z.; Li, H.; He, W. W.; Yin, J. J. Self-doping and surface plasmon modification induced visible light photocatalysis of BiOCl. Nanoscale 2013, 5, 10573– 10581.
DOI Google Scholar
49

Gao, H. W.; Liu, C.; Jeong, H. E.; Yang, P. D. Plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic activity of iron oxide on gold nanopillars. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 234–240.
DOI Google Scholar
50

Yang, N. L.; Liu, Y. Y.; Wen, H.; Tang, Z. Y.; Zhao, H. J.; Li, Y. L.; Wang, D. Photocatalytic properties of graphdiyne and graphene modified TiO2: From theory to experiment. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 1504–1512.
DOI Google Scholar
51

Haes, A. J.; Van Duyne, R. P. A nanoscale optical biosensor: Sensitivity and selectivity of an approach based on the localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of triangular silver nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 10596–10604.
DOI Google Scholar
52

Homola, J.; Yee, S. S.; Gauglitz, G. Surface plasmon resonance sensors: Review. Sensor. Actuat. B: Chem. 1999, 54, 3–15.
DOI Google Scholar
53

Knight, M. W.; King, N. S.; Liu, L.; Everitt, H. O.; Nordlander, P.; Halas, N. J. Aluminum for plasmonics. ACS nano 2013, 8, 834–840.
DOI Google Scholar
54

Langhammer, C.; Yuan, Z.; Zorić, I.; Kasemo, B. Plasmonic properties of supported Pt and Pd nanostructures. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 833–838.
DOI Google Scholar
55

Naik, G. V.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A. Alternative plasmonic materials: Beyond gold and silver. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 3264–3294.
DOI Google Scholar
56

West, P. R.; Ishii, S.; Naik, G. V.; Emani, N. K.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A. Searching for better plasmonic materials. Laser Photonics Rev. 2010, 4, 795–808.
DOI Google Scholar
57

Ekinci, Y.; Solak, H. H.; Löffler, J. F. Plasmon resonances of aluminum nanoparticles and nanorods. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 104, 083107.
DOI Google Scholar
58

McMahon, J. M.; Schatz, G. C.; Gray, S. K. Plasmonics in the ultraviolet with the poor metals Al, Ga, In, Sn, Tl, Pb, and Bi. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 5415–5423.
DOI Google Scholar
59

Despoja, V.; Novko, D.; Dekanić, K.; Šunjić, M.; Marušić, L. Two-dimensional and π plasmon spectra in pristine and doped graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2013, 87, 075447.
DOI Google Scholar
60

Eberlein, T.; Bangert, U.; Nair, R. R.; Jones, R.; Gass, M.; Bleloch, A. L.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A.; Briddon, P. R. Plasmon spectroscopy of free-standing graphene films. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 233406.
DOI Google Scholar
61

Ringler, M.; Schwemer, A.; Wunderlich, M.; Nichtl, A.; Kürzinger, K.; Klar, T. A.; Feldmann, J. Shaping emission spectra of fluorescent molecules with single plasmonic nanoresonators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 203002.
DOI Google Scholar
62

Zhu, J.; Ren, Y. J. Tuning the plasmon shift and local electric field distribution of gold nanodumbbell: The effect of surface curvature transition from positive to negative. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2013, 285, 649–656.
DOI Google Scholar
63

Yang, Z. L.; Aizpurua, J.; Xu, H. X. Electromagnetic field enhancement in ters configurations. J. Raman Spectrosc. 2009, 40, 1343–1348.
DOI Google Scholar
64

Knight, M. W.; Wang, Y. M.; Urban, A. S.; Sobhani, A.; Zheng, B. Y.; Nordlander, P.; Halas, N. J. Embedding plasmonic nanostructure diodes enhances hot electron emission. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 1687–1692.
DOI Google Scholar
65

Brongersma, M. L.; Halas, N. J.; Nordlander, P. Plasmon-induced hot carrier science and technology. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 25–34.
DOI Google Scholar
66

White, T. P.; Catchpole, K. R. Plasmon-enhanced internal photoemission for photovoltaics: Theoretical efficiency limits. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 101, 073905.
DOI Google Scholar
67

Moskovits, M. Hot electrons cross boundaries. Science 2011, 332, 676–677.
DOI Google Scholar
68

Chen, R.; Ling, B.; Sun, X. W.; Sun, H. D. Room temperature excitonic whispering gallery mode lasing from high-quality hexagonal ZnO microdisks. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2199–2204.
DOI Google Scholar
69

Czekalla, C.; Sturm, C.; Schmidt-Grund, R.; Cao, B. Q.; Lorenz, M.; Grundmann, M. Whispering gallery mode lasing in zinc oxide microwires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 241102.
DOI Google Scholar
70

Kim, C.; Kim, Y. J.; Jang, E. S.; Yi, G. C.; Kim, H. H. Whispering-gallery-modelike-enhanced emission from ZnO nanodisk. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 093104.
DOI Google Scholar
71

Ngo, T. H. B.; Chien, C. H.; Wu, S. H.; Chang, Y. C. Size and morphology dependent evolution of resonant modes in ZnO microspheres grown by hydrothermal synthesis. Optics express 2016, 24, 16010–16015.
DOI Google Scholar
72

Yu, D. S.; Chen, Y. J.; Li, B. J.; Chen, X. D.; Zhang, M. Q.; Zhao, F. L.; Ren, S. Structural and lasing characteristics of ultrathin hexagonal ZnO nanodisks grown vertically on silicon-on-insulator substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 091116.
DOI Google Scholar
73

Liu, J. Z.; Lee, S.; Ahn, Y. H.; Park, J. Y.; Koh, K. H.; Park, K. H. Identification of dispersion-dependent hexagonal cavity modes of an individual ZnO nanonail. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 263102.
DOI Google Scholar
74

Wang, D.; Seo, H. W.; Tin, C. C.; Bozack, M. J.; Williams, J. R.; Park, M.; Tzeng, Y. Lasing in whispering gallery mode in ZnO nanonails. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 99, 093112.
DOI Google Scholar
75

Zhu, G. P.; Xu, C. X.; Zhu, J.; Lv, C. G.; Cui, Y. P. Two-photon excited whispering-gallery mode ultraviolet laser from an individual ZnO microneedle. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 051106.
DOI Google Scholar
76

Xing, G. Z.; Wang, D. D.; Yao, B.; Nien, A. Q. L. F.; Yan, Y. S. Structural characteristics, low threshold ultraviolet lasing and ultrafast carrier dynamics in high crystalline ZnO nanowire arrays. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2011, 515, 132–136.
DOI Google Scholar
77

Dai, J.; Xu, C. X.; Zheng, K.; Lv, C. G.; Cui, Y. P. Whispering gallery-mode lasing in ZnO microrods at room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 241110.
DOI Google Scholar
78

Vanheusden, K.; Warren, W. L.; Seager, C. H.; Tallant, D. R.; Voigt, J. A.; Gnade, B. E. Mechanisms behind green photoluminescence in ZnO phosphor powders. J. Appl. Phys. 1996, 79, 7983.
DOI Google Scholar
79

Meng, X. Q.; Zhao, D. X.; Zhang, J. Y.; Shen, D. Z.; Lu, Y. M.; Dong, L.; Xiao, Z. Y.; Liu, Y. C.; Fan, X. W. Wettability conversion on ZnO nanowire arrays surface modified by oxygen plasma treatment and annealing. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2005, 413, 450–453.
DOI Google Scholar
80

Som, T.; Karmakar, B. Surface plasmon resonance in nano-gold antimony glass-ceramic dichroic nanocomposites: One-step synthesis and enhanced fluorescence application. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2009, 255, 9447–9452.
DOI Google Scholar
81

Pachoumi, O.; Bakulin, A. A.; Sadhanala, A.; Sirringhaus, H.; Friend, R. H.; Vaynzof, Y. Improved performance of ZnO/polymer hybrid photovoltaic devices by combining metal oxide doping and interfacial modification. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 18945–18950.
DOI Google Scholar
82

Qiao, Q.; Shan, C. X.; Zheng, J.; Zhu, H.; Yu, S. F.; Li, B. H.; Jia, Y.; Shen, D. Z. Surface plasmon enhanced electrically pumped random lasers. Nanoscale 2013, 5, 513–517.
DOI Google Scholar
83

Brewster, M. M.; Zhou, X.; Lim, S. K.; Gradecak, S. Role of Au in the growth and nanoscale optical properties of ZnO nanowires. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 586–591.
DOI Google Scholar
84

You, J. B.; Zhang, X. W.; Fan, Y. M.; Qu, S.; Chen, N. F. Surface plasmon enhanced ultraviolet emission from ZnO films deposited on Ag/Si(001) by magnetron sputtering. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 231907.
DOI Google Scholar
85

Lee, M. K.; Kim, T. G.; Kim, W.; Sung, Y. M. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) electron and energy transfer in noble metal-zinc oxide composite nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 10079–10082.
DOI Google Scholar
86

Im, J.; Singh, J.; Soares, J. W.; Steeves, D. M.; Whitten, J. E. Synthesis and optical properties of dithiol-linked ZnO/gold nanoparticle composites. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 10518–10523.
DOI Google Scholar
87

Li, J.; Ong, H. C. Temperature dependence of surface plasmon mediated emission from metal-capped ZnO films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 121107–121111.
DOI Google Scholar
88

Dixit, T.; Palani, I.; Singh, V. Role of surface plasmon decay mediated hot carriers toward the photoluminescence tuning of metal-coated ZnO nanorods. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 3540–3548.
DOI Google Scholar
89

Ji, X. H.; Zhang, Q. Y.; Lau, S. P.; Jiang, H. X.; Lin, J. Y. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence and electron field emission properties of AlN nanotip arrays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 173106.
DOI Google Scholar
90

Lu, J. F.; Xu, C. X.; Dai, J.; Li, J. T.; Wang, Y. Y.; Lin, Y.; Li, P. L. Plasmon-enhanced whispering gallery mode lasing from hexagonal Al/ZnO microcavity. ACS Photonics 2015, 2, 73–77.
DOI Google Scholar
91

Wang, Y. Y.; Qin, F. F.; Lu, J. F.; Li, J. T.; Zhu, Z.; Zhu, Q. X.; Zhu, Y.; Shi, Z. L.; Xu, C. X. Plasmon enhancement for vernier coupled single-mode lasing from ZnO/Pt hybrid microcavities. Nano Res. 2017, 10, 3447–3456.
DOI Google Scholar
92

Wang, C. S.; Lin, H. Y.; Lin, J. M.; Chen, Y. F. Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO nanowires assisted by Pt nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Express 2012, 5, 062003.
DOI Google Scholar
93

Pei, J.; Jiang, D.; Zhao, M.; Duan, Q.; Liu, R.; Sun, L.; Guo, Z.; Hou, J.; Qin, J.; Li, B. Controlled enhancement range of the responsivity in ZnO ultraviolet photodetectors by Pt nanoparticles. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2016, 389, 1056–1061.
DOI Google Scholar
94

Lawrie, B. J.; Haglund, R. F.; Mu, R. Enhancement of ZnO photoluminescence by localized and propagating surface plasmons. Opt. Express 2009, 17, 2565–2572.
DOI Google Scholar
95

Lin, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, C.; Fan, X.; Wang, B. Localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced ultraviolet emission and F-P lasing from single ZnO microflower. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 142107–142111.
DOI Google Scholar
96

Cheng, C. W.; Sie, E. J.; Liu, B.; Huan, C. H. A.; Sum, T. C.; Sun, H. D.; Fan, H. J. Surface plasmon enhanced band edge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 071107.
DOI Google Scholar
97

Wang, Y. Y.; Xu, C. X.; Li, J. T.; Dai, J.; Lin, Y.; Zhu, G. Y.; Lu, J. F. Improved whispering-gallery mode lasing of ZnO microtubes assisted by the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles. Sci. Adv. Mater. 2015, 7, 1156–1162.
DOI Google Scholar
98

Qin, F. F.; Xu, C. X.; Zhu, Q. X.; Lu, J. F.; You, D. T.; Xu, W.; Zhu, Z.; Manohari, A. G.; Chen, F. Extra green light induced ZnO ultraviolet lasing enhancement assisted by Au surface plasmons. Nanoscale 2018, 10, 623–627.
DOI Google Scholar
99

Qin, F. F.; Chang, N.; Xu, C. X.; Zhu, Q. X.; Wei, M.; Zhu, Z.; Chen, F.; Lu, J. F. Underlying mechanism of blue emission enhancement in Au decorated p-GaN film. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 15071–15076.
DOI Google Scholar
100

Hwang, S. W.; Shin, D. H.; Kim, C. O.; Hong, S. H.; Kim, M. C.; Kim, J.; Lim, K. Y.; Kim, S.; Choi, S. -H.; Ahn, K. J. et al. Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of graphene/ZnO films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 127403.
DOI Google Scholar
101

Li, J. T.; Xu, C. X.; Nan, H. Y.; Jiang, M. M.; Gao, G. Y.; Lin, Y.; Dai, J.; Zhu, G. Y.; Ni, Z. H.; Wang, S. F. et al. Graphene surface plasmon induced optical field confinement and lasing enhancement in ZnO whispering-gallery microcavity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 10469–10475.
DOI Google Scholar
102

Zhu, Q. X.; Qin, F. F.; Lu, J. F.; Zhu, Z.; Nan, H. Y.; Shi, Z. L.; Ni, Z. H.; Xu, C. X. Synergistic graphene/aluminum surface plasmon coupling for zinc oxide lasing improvement. Nano Res. 2017, 10, 1996–2004.
DOI Google Scholar
103

Lu, J. F.; Li, J. T.; Xu, C. X.; Li, Y.; Dai, J.; Wang, Y. Y.; Lin, Y.; Wang, S. F. Direct resonant coupling of al surface plasmon for ultraviolet photoluminescence enhancement of ZnO microrods. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 18301–18305.
DOI Google Scholar
104

Chen, J. S.; Žídek, K.; Abdellah, M.; Al-Marri, M. J.; Zheng, K. B.; Pullerits, T. Surface plasmon inhibited photo-luminescence activation in CdSe/ZnS core shell quantum dots. J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 2016, 28, 254001.
DOI Google Scholar
105

Chen, T.; Xing, G. Z.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, H. Y.; Wu, T. Tailoring the photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires using Au nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 435711.
DOI Google Scholar
106

Mishra, Y. K.; Mohapatra, S.; Singhal, R.; Avasthi, D. K.; Agarwal, D. C.; Ogale, S. B. Au–ZnO: A tunable localized surface plasmonic nanocomposite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 043107.
DOI Google Scholar
107

Cheng, P. H.; Li, D. S.; Yuan, Z. Z.; Chen, P. L.; Yang, D. R. Enhancement of ZnO light emission via coupling with localized surface plasmon of Ag island film. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 041119.
DOI Google Scholar
108

Zhang, C.; Xu, H. Y.; Liu, W. Z.; Yang, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L. X.; Wang, J. N.; Ma, J. G.; Liu, Y. C. Enhanced ultraviolet emission from Au/Ag-nanoparticles@MgO/ZnO heterostructure light-emitting diodes: A combined effect of exciton- and photon-localized surface plasmon couplings. Opt. Express 2015, 23, 15565–15574.
DOI Google Scholar
109

Mahanti, M.; Basak, D. Enhanced photoluminescence in Ag@SiO2 core shell nanoparticles coated ZnO nanorods. J. Lumin. 2014, 154, 535–540.
DOI Google Scholar
110

Liu, B. B.; Zhu, W. R.; Gunapala, S. D.; Stockman, M. I.; Premaratne, M. Open resonator electric spaser. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 12573–12582.
DOI Google Scholar
111

Noginov, M. A.; Zhu, G.; Belgrave, A. M.; Bakker, R.; Shalaev, V. M.; Narimanov, E. E.; Stout, S.; Herz, E.; Suteewong, T.; Wiesner, U. Demonstration of a spaser-based nanolaser. Nature 2009, 460, 1110–1112.
DOI Google Scholar
112

Oulton, R. F.; Sorger, V. J.; Zentgraf, T.; Ma, R. -M.; Gladden, C.; Dai, L.; Bartal, G.; Zhang, X. Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale. Nature 2009, 461, 629–632.
DOI Google Scholar
113

Lu, J. F.; Jiang, M. M.; Wei, M.; Xu, C. X.; Wang, S. F.; Zhu, Z.; Qin, F. F.; Shi, Z. L.; Pan, C. F. Plasmon-induced accelerated exciton recombination dynamics in ZnO/Ag hybrid nanolasers. ACS Photonics 2017, 4, 2419–2424.
DOI Google Scholar
114

Lu, Y. -J.; Wang, C. -Y.; Kim, J.; Chen, H. -Y.; Lu, M. -Y.; Chen, Y. -C.; Chang, W. -H.; Chen, L. -J.; Stockman, M. I.; Shih, C. -K. et al. All-color plasmonic nanolasers with ultralow thresholds: Autotuning mechanism for single-mode lasing. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 4381–4388.
DOI Google Scholar
115

Chou, Y. -H.; Chou, B. -T.; Chiang, C. -K.; Lai, Y. -Y.; Yang, C. -T.; Li, H.; Lin, T. -R.; Lin, C. -C.; Kuo, H. -C.; Wang, S. -C. et al. Ultrastrong mode confinement in ZnO surface plasmon nanolasers. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 3978–3983.
DOI Google Scholar
116

Humar, M.; Yun, S. H. Intracellular microlasers. Nat. Photonics 2015, 9, 572–578.
DOI Google Scholar
117

Li, Z. -Y.; Xia, Y. N. Metal nanoparticles with gain toward single-molecule detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 243–249.
DOI Google Scholar
118

Lu, J. F.; Xu, C. X.; Nan, H. Y.; Zhu, Q. X.; Qin, F. F.; Manohari, A. G.; Wei, M.; Zhu, Z.; Shi, Z. L.; Ni, Z. H. SERS-active ZnO/Ag hybrid WGM microcavity for ultrasensitive dopamine detection. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016, 109, 073701.
DOI Google Scholar
119

Liu, Y. J.; Xu, C. X.; Lu, J. F.; Zhu, Z.; Zhu, Q. X.; Manohari, A. G.; Shi, Z. L. Template-free synthesis of porous ZnO/Ag microspheres as recyclable and ultra-sensitive SERS substrates. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 427, 830–836.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 15 December 2017
Revised: 01 March 2018
Accepted: 12 March 2018
Published: 22 May 2018
Issue date: June 2018

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61275054, 11604114 and 11734005) and Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2016177).

Return