AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Nano Research Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Conjugated polymer-mediated synthesis of sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as efficient anode materials for sodium ion batteries

Yanzhen He1, Xijiang Han1( ), Yunchen Du1, Bo Song1, Bin Zhang1, Wei Zhang2( ), Ping Xu1( )
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials have attracted significant attention as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we demonstrate a conjugated polymer-mediated synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes (S/N-CT) via the carbonization of sulfur-containing polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes. It is found that the carbonization technique greatly influences the structural features and thus the Na-storage behavior of the S/N-CT materials. The carbon nanotubes developed using a two-step carbonization process (heating at 400 ℃ and then at 900 ℃) exhibit a high specific surface area, enlarged interlayer distance, small charge transfer resistance, enhanced reaction kinetics, as well as a large number of defects and active sites; further, they exhibit a high reversible capacity of 340 mAh·g–1 at 0.1 A·g–1 and a remarkable cycling stability with a capacity of 141 mAh·g–1 at 5 A·g–1 (94% retention after 3, 000 cycles). Direct carbonization of conjugated polymers with a specific morphology is an eco-friendly and low-cost technique for the synthesis of dual atom-doped carbon nanomaterials for application in energy devices. However, the carbonization process should be carefully controlled in order to better tune the structure–property relationship.

Keywords

sodium ion batteryconjugated polymercarbon nanotubeheteroatom doping

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
12274_2017_1882_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (6.6 MB)

References

1

Qu, G. X.; Cheng, J. L.; Li, X. D.; Yuan, D. M.; Chen, P. N.; Chen, X. L.; Wang, B.; Peng, H. S. A fiber supercapacitor with high energy density based on hollow graphene/conducting polymer fiber electrode. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 3646-3652.
Crossref Google Scholar
2

Pan, S. W.; Ren, J.; Fang, X.; Peng, H. S. Integration: An effective strategy to develop multifunctional energy storage devices. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1501867.
Crossref Google Scholar
3

Ni, J. F.; Wang, W. C.; Wu, C.; Liang, H. C.; Maier, J.; Yu, Y.; Li, L. Highly reversible and durable Na storage in niobium pentoxide through optimizing structure, composition, and nanoarchitecture. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1605607.
Crossref Google Scholar
4

Zhang, N.; Liu, Y. C.; Lu, Y. Y.; Han, X. P.; Cheng, F. Y.; Chen, J. Spherical nano-Sb@C composite as a high-rate and ultra-stable anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Nano Res. 2015, 8, 3384-3393.
Crossref Google Scholar
5

Zhao, F. P.; Gong, Q. F.; Traynor, B.; Zhang, D.; Li, J. J.; Ye, H. L.; Chen, F. J.; Han, N.; Wang, Y. Y.; Sun, X. H. et al. Stabilizing nickel sulfide nanoparticles with an ultrathin carbon layer for improved cycling performance in sodium ion batteries. Nano Res. 2016, 9, 3162-3170.
Crossref Google Scholar
6

Kim, H.; Kim, H.; Ding, Z.; Lee, M. H.; Lim, K.; Yoon, G.; Kang, K. Recent progress in electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1600943.
Crossref Google Scholar
7

You, Y.; Yao, H. R.; Xin, S.; Yin, Y. X.; Zuo, T. T.; Yang, C. P.; Guo, Y. G.; Cui, Y.; Wan, L. J.; Goodenough, J. B. Subzero-temperature cathode for a sodium-ion battery. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 7243-7248.
Crossref Google Scholar
8

Zhao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, H.; Dong, X. L.; Cao, J. Y.; Wang, L.; Xu, Y. F.; Ren, J.; Hwang, Y.; Son, I. H. et al. A self-healing aqueous lithium-ion battery. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 14384-14388.
Crossref Google Scholar
9

Fu, S. D.; Ni, J. F.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Li, L. Hydrogenation driven conductive Na2Ti3O7 nanoarrays as robust binder-free anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 4544-4551.
Crossref Google Scholar
10

Roh, H. K.; Kim, H. K.; Kim, M. S.; Kim, D. H.; Chung, K. Y.; Roh, K. C.; Kim, K. B. In situ synthesis of chemically bonded NaTi2(PO4)3/rGO 2D nanocomposite for high-rate sodium-ion batteries. Nano Res. 2016, 9, 1844-1855.
Crossref Google Scholar
11

You, Y.; Yu, X. Q.; Yin, Y. X.; Nam, K. W.; Guo, Y. G. Sodium iron hexacyanoferrate with high Na content as a Na-rich cathode material for Na-ion batteries. Nano Res. 2015, 8, 117-128.
Crossref Google Scholar
12

Li, L.; Seng, K. H.; Li, D.; Xia, Y. Y.; Liu, H. K.; Guo, Z. P. SnSb@carbon nanocable anchored on graphene sheets for sodium ion batteries. Nano Res. 2014, 7, 1466-1476.
Crossref Google Scholar
13

Hwang, J. Y.; Myung, S. T.; Sun, Y. K. Sodium-ion batteries: Present and future. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 3529-3614.
Crossref Google Scholar
14

Cho, J. S.; Park, J. S.; Kang, Y. C. Porous FeS nanofibers with numerous nanovoids obtained by Kirkendall diffusion effect for use as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Nano Res. 2017, 10, 897-907.
Crossref Google Scholar
15

Shao, Y. Y.; Xiao, J.; Wang, W.; Engelhard, M.; Chen, X. L.; Nie, Z. M.; Gu, M.; Saraf, L. V.; Exarhos, G.; Zhang, J. G. et al. Surface-driven sodium ion energy storage in nanocellular carbon foams. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 3909-3914.
Crossref Google Scholar
16

Wu, L. J.; Lang, J. W.; Zhang, P.; Zhang, X.; Guo, R. S.; Yan, X. B. Mesoporous Ni-doped MnCo2O4 hollow nanotubes as an anode material for sodium ion batteries with ultralong life and pseudocapacitive mechanism. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 18392-18400.
Crossref Google Scholar
17

Zhang, Y.; Wang, C. W.; Hou, H. S.; Zou, G. Q.; Ji, X. B. Nitrogen doped/carbon tuning yolk-like TiO2 and its remarkable impact on sodium storage performances. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1600173.
Crossref Google Scholar
18

Tang, K.; Fu, L. J.; White, R. J.; Yu, L. H.; Titirici, M. -M.; Antonietti, M.; Maier, J. Hollow carbon nanospheres with superior rate capability for sodium-based batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2012, 2, 873-877.
Crossref Google Scholar
19

Yan, Y.; Yin, Y. -X.; Guo, Y. -G.; Wan, L. -J. A sandwich-like hierarchically porous carbon/graphene composite as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2014, 4, 1301584.
Crossref Google Scholar
20

Xu, J. T.; Wang, M.; Wickramaratne, N. P.; Jaroniec, M.; Dou, S. X.; Dai, L. M. High-performance sodium ion batteries based on a 3D anode from nitrogen-doped graphene foams. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 2042-2048.
Crossref Google Scholar
21

Li, D. D.; Zhang, L.; Chen, H. B.; Wang, J.; Ding, L. -X.; Wang, S. Q.; Ashman, P. J.; Wang, H. H. Graphene-based nitrogen-doped carbon sandwich nanosheets: A new capacitive process controlled anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 8630-8635.
Crossref Google Scholar
22

Wang, S. Q.; Xia, L.; Yu, L.; Zhang, L.; Wang, H. H.; Lou, X. W. D. Free-standing nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber films: Integrated electrodes for sodium-ion batteries with ultralong cycle life and superior rate capability. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1502217.
Crossref Google Scholar
23

Yun, Y. S.; Park, Y. -U.; Chang, S. -J.; Kim, B. H.; Choi, J.; Wang, J. J.; Zhang, D.; Braun, P. V.; Jin, H. -J.; Kang, K. Crumpled graphene paper for high power sodium battery anode. Carbon 2016, 99, 658-664.
Crossref Google Scholar
24

Hou, H. S.; Banks, C. E.; Jing, M. J.; Zhang, Y.; Ji, X. B. Carbon quantum dots and their derivative 3D porous carbon frameworks for sodium-ion batteries with ultralong cycle life. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 7861-7866.
Crossref Google Scholar
25

Chien, C. T.; Hiralal, P.; Wang, D. Y.; Huang, I. S.; Chen, C. C.; Chen, C. W.; Amaratunga, G. A. J. Graphene-based integrated photovoltaic energy harvesting/storage device. Small 2015, 11, 2929-2937.
Crossref Google Scholar
26

Kotal, M.; Kim, J.; Kim, K. J.; Oh, I. K. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped graphene electrodes for high-performance ionic artificial muscles. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 1610-1615.
Crossref Google Scholar
27

Yang, J. Q.; Zhou, X. L.; Wu, D. H.; Zhao, X. D.; Zhou, Z. S-doped N-rich carbon nanosheets with expanded interlayer distance as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604108.
Crossref Google Scholar
28

Xu, D. F.; Chen, C. J.; Xie, J.; Zhang, B.; Miao, L.; Cai, J.; Huang, Y. H.; Zhang, L. N. A hierarchical N/S-codoped carbon anode fabricated facilely from cellulose/polyaniline microspheres for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1501929.
Crossref Google Scholar
29

Ye, J. C.; Zang, J.; Tian, Z. W.; Zheng, M. S.; Dong, Q. F. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon spheres for sodium-ion batteries with superior cyclic and rate performance. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 13223-13227.
Crossref Google Scholar
30

Qiao, Y.; Ma, M. Y.; Liu, Y.; Li, S.; Lu, Z. S.; Yue, H. Y.; Dong, H. Y.; Cao, Z. X.; Yin, Y. H.; Yang, S. T. First-principles and experimental study of nitrogen/sulfur co-doped carbon nanosheets as anodes for rechargeable sodium ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 15565-15574.
Crossref Google Scholar
31

Yang, C. L.; Li, W. H.; Yang, Z. Z.; Gu, L.; Yu, Y. Nanoconfined antimony in sulfur and nitrogen co-doped three-dimensionally (3D) interconnected macroporous carbon for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 2015, 18, 12-19.
Crossref Google Scholar
32

Li, W.; Zhou, M.; Li, H. M.; Wang, K. L.; Cheng, S. J.; Jiang, K. A high performance sulfur-doped disordered carbon anode for sodium ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 2916-2921.
Crossref Google Scholar
33

Luo, C.; Zhu, Y. J.; Borodin, O.; Gao, T.; Fan, X. L.; Xu, Y. H.; Xu, K.; Wang, C. S. Activation of oxygen-stabilized sulfur for Li and Na batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 745-752.
Crossref Google Scholar
34

Li, S.; Wu, D. Q.; Liang, H. W.; Wang, J. Z.; Zhuang, X. D.; Mai, Y. Y.; Su, Y. Z.; Feng, X. L. Metal-nitrogen doping of mesoporous carbon/graphene nanosheets by self-templating for oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. ChemSusChem 2014, 7, 3002-3006.
Crossref Google Scholar
35

Wan, K.; Long, G. -F.; Liu, M. -Y.; Du, L.; Liang, Z. -X.; Tsiakaras, P. Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon: Synthesis and active sites for electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2015, 165, 566-571.
Crossref Google Scholar
36

He, Y. Z.; Han, X. J.; Du, Y. C.; Song, B.; Xu, P.; Zhang, B. Bifunctional nitrogen-doped microporous carbon microspheres derived from poly(o-methylaniline) for oxygen reduction and supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 3601-3608.
Crossref Google Scholar
37

Xu, P.; Han, X. J.; Zhang, B.; Du, Y. C.; Wang, H. -L. Multifunctional polymer-metal nanocomposites via direct chemical reduction by conjugated polymers. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 1349-1360.
Crossref Google Scholar
38

Xiao, L. F.; Cao, Y. L.; Henderson, W. A.; Sushko, M. L.; Shao, Y. Y.; Xiao, J.; Wang, W.; Engelhard, M. H.; Nie, Z. M.; Liu, J. Hard carbon nanoparticles as high-capacity, high-stability anodic materials for Na-ion batteries. Nano Energy 2016, 19, 279-288.
Crossref Google Scholar
39

He, Y. Z.; Han, X. J.; Du, Y. C.; Zhang, B.; Xu, P. Heteroatom-doped carbon nanostructures derived from conjugated polymers for energy applications. Polymers 2016, 8, 366.
Crossref Google Scholar
40

Liu, H.; Jia, M. Q.; Sun, N.; Cao, B.; Chen, R. J.; Zhu, Q. Z.; Wu, F.; Qiao, N.; Xu, B. Nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon as anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 27124-27130.
Crossref Google Scholar
41

Zhang, Z. A.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, X. X.; Yang, F. H. Core-sheath structured porous carbon nanofiber composite anode material derived from bacterial cellulose/polypyrrole as an anode for sodium-ion batteries. Carbon 2015, 95, 552-559.
Crossref Google Scholar
42

Cao, Y. L.; Xiao, L. F.; Sushko, M. L.; Wang, W.; Schwenzer, B.; Xiao, J.; Nie, Z. M.; Saraf, L. V.; Yang, Z. G.; Liu, J. Sodium ion insertion in hollow carbon nanowires for battery applications. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3783-3787.
Crossref Google Scholar
43

He, J. J.; To, J. W. F.; Psarras, P. C.; Yan, H. P.; Atkinson, T.; Holmes, R. T.; Nordlund, D.; Bao, Z. N.; Wilcox, J. Tunable polyaniline-based porous carbon with ultrahigh surface area for CO2 capture at elevated pressure. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1502491.
Crossref Google Scholar
44

Kang, Z. P.; Jiao, K. L.; Peng, R. Y.; Hu, Z. Q.; Jiao, S. Q. Al-based porous coordination polymer derived nanoporous carbon for immobilization of glucose oxidase and its application in glucose/O2 biofuel cell and biosensor. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 11872-11879.
Crossref Google Scholar
45

Silvestre-Albero, A.; Silvestre-Albero, J.; Martínez-Escandell, M.; Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. Micro/mesoporous activated carbons derived from polyaniline: Promising candidates for CO2 adsorption. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 15398-15405.
Crossref Google Scholar
46

Inagaki, M.; Sakamoto, K. I.; Hishiyama, Y. Carbonization and graphitization of polyimide upilex. J. Mater. Res. 1991, 6, 1108-1113.
Crossref Google Scholar
47

Yang, X. M.; Zhu, Z. X.; Dai, T. Y.; Lu, Y. Facile fabrication of functional polypyrrole nanotubes via a reactive self-degraded template. Macromol. Rapid Comm. 2005, 26, 1736-1740.
Crossref Google Scholar
48

Mi, H. Y.; Zhang, X. G.; Yang, S. D.; Ye, X. G.; Luo, J. M. Polyaniline nanofibers as the electrode material for supercapacitors. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2008, 112, 127-131.
Crossref Google Scholar
49

Dubal, D. P.; Chodankar, N. R.; Caban-Huertas, Z.; Wolfart, F.; Vidotti, M.; Holze, R.; Lokhande, C. D.; Gomez-Romero, P. Synthetic approach from polypyrrole nanotubes to nitrogen doped pyrolyzed carbon nanotubes for asymmetric supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 2016, 308, 158-165.
Crossref Google Scholar
50

Tian, G. -L.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, B. S.; Jin, Y. -G.; Huang, J. -Q.; Su, D. S.; Wei, F. Toward full exposure of "active sites": Nanocarbon electrocatalyst with surface enriched nitrogen for superior oxygen reduction and evolution reactivity. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 5956-5961.
Crossref Google Scholar
51

Langer, J. J.; Golczak, S. Highly carbonized polyaniline micro- and nanotubes. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2007, 92, 330-334.
Crossref Google Scholar
52

Li, M. Y.; Carter, R.; Oakes, L.; Douglas, A.; Muralidharan, N.; Pint, C. L. Role of carbon defects in the reversible alloying states of red phosphorus composite anodes for efficient sodium ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 5266-5272.
Crossref Google Scholar
53

Zhang, Z.; Wan, M.; Wei, Y. Highly crystalline polyaniline nanostructures doped with dicarboxylic acids. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 1100-1104.
Crossref Google Scholar
54

Panomsuwan, G.; Saito, N.; Ishizaki, T. Simple one-step synthesis of fluorine-doped carbon nanoparticles as potential alternative metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 9972-9981.
Crossref Google Scholar
55

Panchakarla, L. S.; Govindaraj, A.; Rao, C. N. R. Nitrogen- and boron-doped double-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 2007, 1, 494-500.
Crossref Google Scholar
56

Wang, H. G.; Wu, Z.; Meng, F. L.; Ma, D. L.; Huang, X. L.; Wang, L. M.; Zhang, X. B. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets as low-cost, high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries. ChemSusChem 2013, 6, 56-60.
Crossref Google Scholar
57

Liu, H.; Jia, M. Q.; Cao, B.; Chen, R. J.; Lv, X. Y.; Tang, R. J.; Wu, F.; Xu, B. Nitrogen-doped carbon/graphene hybrid anode material for sodium-ion batteries with excellent rate capability. J. Power Sources 2016, 319, 195-201.
Crossref Google Scholar
58

Li, Z.; Xu, Z. W.; Tan, X. H.; Wang, H. L.; Holt, C. M. B.; Stephenson, T.; Olsen, B. C.; Mitlin, D. Mesoporous nitrogen-rich carbons derived from protein for ultra-high capacity battery anodes and supercapacitors. Energy Environ Sci. 2013, 6, 871-878.
Crossref Google Scholar
59

Zhu, J. D.; Chen, C.; Lu, Y.; Ge, Y. Q.; Jiang, H.; Fu, K.; Zhang, X. W. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers derived from polyacrylonitrile for use as anode material in sodium-ion batteries. Carbon 2015, 94, 189-195.
Crossref Google Scholar
60

Yan, J.; Wang, Q.; Lin, C. P.; Wei, T.; Fan, Z. J. Interconnected frameworks with a sandwiched porous carbon layer/graphene hybrids for supercapacitors with high gravimetric and volumetric performances. Adv. Energy Mater. 2014, 4, 1400500.
Crossref Google Scholar
61

Xu, G. Y.; Han, J. P.; Ding, B.; Nie, P.; Pan, J.; Dou, H.; Li, H. S.; Zhang, X. G. Biomass-derived porous carbon materials with sulfur and nitrogen dual-doping for energy storage. Green Chem. 2015, 17, 1668-1674.
Crossref Google Scholar
62

Yang, C. P.; Yin, Y. X.; Guo, Y. G.; Wan, L. J. Electrochemical (de)lithiation of 1D sulfur chains in Li-S batteries: A model system study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 2215-2218.
Crossref Google Scholar
63

Gong, K. P.; Du, F.; Xia, Z. H.; Durstock, M.; Dai, L. M. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Science 2009, 323, 760-764.
Crossref Google Scholar
64

Sharifi, T.; Hu, G. Z.; Jia, X. E.; Wågberg, T. Formation of active sites for oxygen reduction reactions by transformation of nitrogen functionalities in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 8904-8912.
Crossref Google Scholar
65

Xu, Z. X.; Zhuang, X. D.; Yang, C. Q.; Cao, J.; Yao, Z. Q.; Tang, Y. P.; Jiang, J. Z.; Wu, D. Q.; Feng, X. L. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon superstructures derived from hierarchical assembly of polyimide nanosheets. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 1981-1987.
Crossref Google Scholar
66

Pan, Z. Y.; Ren, J.; Guan, G. Z.; Fang, X.; Wang, B. J.; Doo, S. -G.; Son, I. H.; Huang, X. L.; Peng, H. S. Synthesizing nitrogen-doped core-sheath carbon nanotube films for flexible lithium ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1600271.
Crossref Google Scholar
67

Li, D. D.; Chen, H. B.; Liu, G. X.; Wei, M.; Ding, L. -X.; Wang, S. Q.; Wang, H. H. Porous nitrogen doped carbon sphere as high performance anode of sodium-ion battery. Carbon 2015, 94, 888-894.
Crossref Google Scholar
68

Wang, Z. H.; Qie, L.; Yuan, L. X.; Zhang, W. X.; Hu, X. L.; Huang, Y. H. Functionalized N-doped interconnected carbon nanofibers as an anode material for sodium-ion storage with excellent performance. Carbon 2013, 55, 328-334.
Crossref Google Scholar
69

Fu, L. J.; Tang, K.; Song, K. P.; van Aken, P. A.; Yu, Y.; Maier, J. Nitrogen doped porous carbon fibres as anode materials for sodium ion batteries with excellent rate performance. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 1384-1389.
Crossref Google Scholar
70

Yang, F. H.; Zhang, Z. A.; Du, K.; Zhao, X. X.; Chen, W.; Lai, Y. Q.; Li, J. Dopamine derived nitrogen-doped carbon sheets as anode materials for high-performance sodium ion batteries. Carbon 2015, 91, 88-95.
Crossref Google Scholar
71

Shin, W. H.; Jeong, H. M.; Kim, B. G.; Kang, J. K.; Choi, J. W. Nitrogen-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes for lithium storage with extremely high capacity. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 2283-2288.
Crossref Google Scholar
72

Yan, D.; Yu, C. Y.; Zhang, X. J.; Qin, W.; Lu, T.; Hu, B. W.; Li, H. L.; Pan, L. K. Nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres derived from oatmeal as high capacity and superior long life anode material for sodium ion battery. Electrochimi. Acta 2016, 191, 385-391.
Crossref Google Scholar
73

Yan, D.; Xu, X. T.; Lu, T.; Hu, B. W.; Chua, D. H. C.; Pan, L. K. Reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes sponge: A new high capacity and long life anode material for sodium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2016, 316, 132-138.
Crossref Google Scholar
74

Li, S.; Qiu, J. X.; Lai, C.; Ling, M.; Zhao, H. J.; Zhang, S. Q. Surface capacitive contributions: Towards high rate anode materials for sodium ion batteries. Nano Energy 2015, 12, 224-230.
Crossref Google Scholar
75

Ding, J.; Wang, H. L.; Li, Z.; Kohandehghan, A.; Cui, K.; Xu, Z. W.; Zahiri, B.; Tan, X. H.; Lotfabad, E. M.; Olsen, B. C. et al. Carbon nanosheet frameworks derived from peat moss as high performance sodium ion battery anodes. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 11004-11015.
Crossref Google Scholar
Nano Research
Volume 11 Issue 5,
May 2018
Pages 2573-2585
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-017-1882-y
Cite this article:
He Y, Han X, Du Y, et al. Conjugated polymer-mediated synthesis of sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as efficient anode materials for sodium ion batteries. Nano Research, 2018, 11(5): 2573-2585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1882-y

828

Views

51

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

53

Scopus

2

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 15 August 2017
Revised: 06 October 2017
Accepted: 11 October 2017
Published: 12 May 2018
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017
Return