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NaFeTiO4 nanorods of high yields (with diameters in the range of 30–50 nm and lengths of up to 1–5 μm) were synthesized by a facile sol–gel method and were utilized as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries for the first time. The obtained NaFeTiO4 nanorods exhibit a high initial discharge capacity of 294 mA·h·g-1 at 0.2 C (1 C = 177 mA·g–1), and remain at 115 mA·h·g–1 after 50 cycles. Furthermore, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were mechanically milled with the pristine material to obtain NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs. The NaFeTiO4/ MWCNTs electrode exhibits a significantly improved electrochemical performance with a stable discharge capacity of 150 mA·h·g–1 at 0.2 C after 50 cycles, and remains at 125 mA·h·g–1 at 0.5 C after 420 cycles. The NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell was assembled for the first time; it displays a discharge capacity of 70 mA·h·g-1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 C, indicating its excellent performances. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ex situ X-ray diffraction, and Raman measurements were performed to investigate the initial electrochemical mechanisms of the obtained NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs.
This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21471091), Academy of Sciences large apparatus United Fund (No. 11179043), the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Nos. 2015JC007 and 2015JC020), and the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province (No. ts201511004).