Journal Home > Volume 10 , Issue 5
Nano Research 2017, 10(5): 1794-1803 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1501-y
Research Article | Issue | Published: 04 March 2017

Simple synthesis of a porous Sb/Sb2O3 nanocomposite for a high-capacity anode material in Na-ion batteries

Show Author's Information Jun Pan1,  Nana Wang1,†,  Yanli Zhou1,‡,  Xianfeng Yang2,  Wenyao Zhou3,  Yitai Qian1,4( ),  Jian Yang1( )
Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
Analytical and Testing CenterSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
Jinan Licheng No.2 High SchoolJinan250105China
Department of ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

† Present address: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China ‡ Present address: School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

Keywords:
sodium ion batteries, anode material, high-capacity, Sb/Sb2O3
Cite this article:
Pan J, Wang N, Zhou Y, et al. Simple synthesis of a porous Sb/Sb2O3 nanocomposite for a high-capacity anode material in Na-ion batteries. Nano Research, 2017, 10(5): 1794-1803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1501-y
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

511

Views

8

Downloads

Citations

67

Crossref

N/A

WoS

66

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

High-capacity anode materials are highly desirable for sodium ion batteries. Here, a porous Sb/Sb2O3 nanocomposite is successfully synthesized by the mild oxidization of Sb nanocrystals in air. In the composite, Sb contributes good conductivity and Sb2O3 improves cycling stability, particularly within the voltage window of 0.02–1.5 V. It remains at a reversible capacity of 540 mAh·g–1 after 180 cycles at 0.66 A·g–1. Even at 10 A·g–1, the reversible capacity is still preserved at 412 mAh·g–1, equivalent to 71.6% of that at 0.066 A·g–1. These results are much better than Sb nanocrystals with a similar size and structure. Expanding the voltage window to 0.02–2.5 V includes the conversion reaction between Sb2O3 and Sb into the discharge/charge profiles. This would induce a large volume change and high structure strain/stress, deteriorating the cycling stability. The identification of a proper voltage window for Sb/Sb2O3 paves the way for its development in sodium ion batteries.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Simple synthesis of a porous Sb/Sb2O3 nanocomposite for a high-capacity anode material in Na-ion batteries

Show Author's information Jun Pan1, Nana Wang1,†, Yanli Zhou1,‡, Xianfeng Yang2, Wenyao Zhou3, Yitai Qian1,4( ), Jian Yang1( )
Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250100China
Analytical and Testing CenterSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
Jinan Licheng No.2 High SchoolJinan250105China
Department of ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

† Present address: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China ‡ Present address: School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

Abstract

High-capacity anode materials are highly desirable for sodium ion batteries. Here, a porous Sb/Sb2O3 nanocomposite is successfully synthesized by the mild oxidization of Sb nanocrystals in air. In the composite, Sb contributes good conductivity and Sb2O3 improves cycling stability, particularly within the voltage window of 0.02–1.5 V. It remains at a reversible capacity of 540 mAh·g–1 after 180 cycles at 0.66 A·g–1. Even at 10 A·g–1, the reversible capacity is still preserved at 412 mAh·g–1, equivalent to 71.6% of that at 0.066 A·g–1. These results are much better than Sb nanocrystals with a similar size and structure. Expanding the voltage window to 0.02–2.5 V includes the conversion reaction between Sb2O3 and Sb into the discharge/charge profiles. This would induce a large volume change and high structure strain/stress, deteriorating the cycling stability. The identification of a proper voltage window for Sb/Sb2O3 paves the way for its development in sodium ion batteries.

Keywords: sodium ion batteries, anode material, high-capacity, Sb/Sb2O3

References(44)

1

Ji, L. W.; Rao, M. M.; Aloni, S.; Wang, L.; Cairns, E. J.; Zhang, Y. G. Porous carbon nanofiber–sulfur composite electrodes for lithium/sulfur cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 5053–5059.
DOI Google Scholar
2

Wang, H. K.; Lu, X.; Li, L. C.; Li, B. B.; Cao, D. X.; Wu, Q. Z.; Li, Z. H.; Yang, G.; Guo, B. L.; Niu, C. M. Synthesis of SnO2 versus Sn crystals within N-doped porous carbon nanofibers via electrospinning towards high-performance lithium ion batteries. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 7595–7603.
DOI Google Scholar
3

Xing, Z.; Ju, Z. C.; Yang, J.; Xu, H. Y.; Qian, Y. T. One-step hydrothermal synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nano-octahedrons as a high capacity anode material for Li-ion batteries. Nano Res. 2012, 5, 477–485.
DOI Google Scholar
4

Sun, Y.; Zhao, L.; Pan, H. L.; Lu, X.; Gu, L.; Hu, Y. S.; Li, H.; Armand, M.; Ikuhara, Y.; Chen, L. Q. et al. Direct atomic-scale confirmation of three-phase storage mechanism in Li4Ti5O12 anodes for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1870.
DOI Google Scholar
5

Hong, Z. S.; Zhou, K. Q.; Huang, Z. G.; Wei, M. D. Isooriented anatase TiO2 mesocages as a high performance anode material for sodium-ion storage. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 11960.
DOI Google Scholar
6

Cao, Y. L.; Xiao, L. F.; Sushko, M. L.; Wang, W.; Schwenzer, B.; Xiao, J.; Nie, Z. M.; Saraf, L. V.; Yang, Z. G.; Liu, J. Sodium ion insertion in hollow carbon nanowires for battery applications. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3783–3787.
DOI Google Scholar
7

Legrain, F.; Sottmann, J.; Kotsis, K.; Gorantla, S.; Sartori, S.; Manzhos, S. Amorphous (glassy) carbon, a promising material for sodium ion battery anodes: A combined firstprinciples and experimental study. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 13496–13501.
DOI Google Scholar
8

Wang, N. N.; Bai, Z. C.; Qian, Y. T.; Yang, J. Doublewalled Sb@TiO2?x nanotubes as a superior high-rate and ultralong-lifespan anode material for Na-ion and Li-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 4126–4133.
DOI Google Scholar
9

Baggetto, L.; Ganesh, P.; Sun, C. N.; Meisner, R. A.; Zawodzinski, T. A.; Veith, G. M. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Sb electrodes for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries: Experiment and theory. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 7985–7994.
DOI Google Scholar
10

Hou, H. S.; Jing, M. J.; Yang, Y. C.; Zhu, Y. R.; Fang, L. B.; Song, W. X.; Pan, C. C.; Yang, X. M.; Ji, X. B. Sodium/lithium storage behavior of antimony hollow nanospheres for rechargeable batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 16189–16196.
DOI Google Scholar
11

Kim, H.; Cho, J. Template synthesis of hollow Sb nanoparticles as a high-performance lithium battery anode material. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 1679–1681.
DOI Google Scholar
12

Walter, M.; Erni, R.; Kovalenko, M. V. Inexpensive antimony nanocrystals and their composites with red phosphorus as high-performance anode materials for Na-ion batteries. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 8418.
DOI Google Scholar
13

Wu, L.; Hu, X. H.; Qian, J. F.; Pei, F.; Wu, F. Y.; Mao, R. J.; Ai, X. P.; Yang, H. X.; Cao, Y. L. Sb–C nanofibers with long cycle life as an anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 323–328.
DOI Google Scholar
14

Zhu, Y. J.; Han, X. G.; Xu, Y. H.; Liu, Y. H.; Zheng, S. Y.; Xu, K.; Hu, L. B.; Wang, C. S. Electrospun Sb/C fibers for a stable and fast sodium-ion battery anode. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 6378–6386.
DOI Google Scholar
15

Zhang, N.; Liu, Y. C.; Lu, Y. Y.; Han, X. P.; Cheng, F. Y.; Chen, J. Spherical nano-Sb@C composite as a high-rate and ultra-stable anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Nano Res. 2015, 8, 3384–3393.
DOI Google Scholar
16

Wang, M.; Yang, Z. Z.; Wang, J. Q.; Li, W. H.; Gu, L.; Yu, Y. Sb nanoparticles encapsulated in a reticular amorphous carbon network for enhanced sodium storage. Small 2015, 11, 5381–5387.
DOI Google Scholar
17

Qiu, S.; Wu, X. Y.; Xiao, L. F.; Ai, X. P.; Yang, H. X.; Cao, Y. L. Antimony nanocrystals encapsulated in carbon microspheres synthesized by a facile self-catalyzing solvothermal method for high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 1337–1343.
DOI Google Scholar
18

Zhou, X. L.; Zhong, Y. R.; Yang, M.; Hu, M.; Wei, J. P.; Zhou, Z. Sb nanoparticles decorated N-rich carbon nanosheets as anode materials for sodium ion batteries with superior rate capability and long cycling stability. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 12888–12891.
DOI Google Scholar
19

Nithya, C.; Gopukumar, S. rGO/nano Sb composite: A high performance anode material for Na+ ion batteries and evidence for the formation of nanoribbons from the nano rGO sheet during galvanostatic cycling. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 10516–10525.
DOI Google Scholar
20

Hou, H. S.; Jing, M. J.; Yang, Y. C.; Zhang, Y.; Song, W. X.; Yang, X. M.; Chen, J.; Chen, Q. Y.; Ji, X. B. Antimony nanoparticles anchored on interconnected carbon nanofibers networks as advanced anode material for sodium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2015, 284, 227–235.
DOI Google Scholar
21

Li, K. F.; Su, D. W.; Liu, H.; Wang, G. X. Antimony-carbongraphene fibrous composite as freestanding anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 2015, 177, 304–309.
DOI Google Scholar
22

Zhang, W.; Liu, Y. T.; Chen, C. J.; Li, Z.; Huang, Y. H.; Hu, X. L. Flexible and binder-free electrodes of Sb/rGO and Na3V2(PO4)3/rGO nanocomposites for sodium-ion batteries. Small 2015, 11, 3822–3829.
DOI Google Scholar
23

Li, L.; Seng, K. H.; Li, D.; Xia, Y. Y.; Liu, H. K.; Guo, Z. P. SnSb@carbon nanocable anchored on graphene sheets for sodium ion batteries. Nano Res. 2014, 7, 1466–1476.
DOI Google Scholar
24

Jackson, E. D.; Green, S.; Prieto, A. L. Electrochemical performance of electrodeposited Zn4Sb3 films for sodiumion secondary battery anodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 7447–7450.
DOI Google Scholar
25

Darwiche, A.; Toiron, M.; Sougrati, M. T.; Fraisse, B.; Stievano, L.; Monconduit, L. Performance and mechanism of FeSb2 as negative electrode for Na-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2015, 280, 588–592.
DOI Google Scholar
26

Baggetto, L.; Marszewski, M.; Górka, J.; Jaroniec, M.; Veith, G. M. AlSb thin films as negative electrodes for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2013, 243, 699–705.
DOI Google Scholar
27

Allcorn, E.; Manthiram, A. NiSb-Al2O3-C nanocomposite anodes with long cycle life for Li-ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 811–822.
DOI Google Scholar
28

Zhao, Y. B.; Manthiram, A. High-capacity, high-rate Bi-Sb alloy anodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 3096–3101.
DOI Google Scholar
29

Nam, D. H.; Hong, K. S.; Lim, S. J.; Kwon, H. S. Electrochemical synthesis of a three-dimensional porous Sb/Cu2Sb anode for Na-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2014, 247, 423–427.
DOI Google Scholar
30

Liao, S.; Sun, Y.; Wang, J.; Cui, H.; Wang, C. X. Three dimensional self-assembly ZnSb nanowire balls with good performance as sodium ions battery anode. Electrochim. Acta 2016, 211, 11–17.
DOI Google Scholar
31

Hu, M. J.; Jiang, Y. Z.; Sun, W. P.; Wang, H. T.; Jin, C. H.; Yan, M. Reversible conversion-alloying of Sb2O3 as a highcapacity, high-rate, and durable anode for sodium ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 19449–19455.
DOI Google Scholar
32

Li, N.; Liao, S.; Sun, Y.; Song, H. W.; Wang, C. X. Uniformly dispersed self-assembled growth of Sb2O3/Sb@graphene nanocomposites on a 3D carbon sheet network for high Na-storage capacity and excellent stability. J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 5820–5828.
DOI Google Scholar
33

Hong, K. S.; Nam, D. H.; Lim, S. J.; Sohn, D. R.; Kim, T. H.; Kwon, H. S. Electrochemically synthesized Sb/Sb2O3 composites as high-capacity anode materials utilizing a reversible conversion reaction for Na-ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 17264–17271.
DOI Google Scholar
34

Nam, D. H.; Hong, K. S.; Lim, S. J.; Kim, M. J.; Kwon, H. S. High-performance Sb/Sb2O3 anode materials using a polypyrrole nanowire network for Na-ion batteries. Small 2015, 11, 2885–2892.
DOI Google Scholar
35

Zhang, H. L.; Li, F.; Liu, C.; Tan, J.; Cheng, H. M. New insight into the solid electrolyte interphase with use of a focused ion beam. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 22205–22211.
DOI Google Scholar
36

Gómez-Cámer, J. L.; Villevieille, C.; Novák, P. Antimony based negative electrodes for next generation Li-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 13011–13016.
DOI Google Scholar
37

Wang, N. N.; Ma, X. J.; Xu, H. Y.; Chen, L.; Yue, J.; Niu, F. E.; Yang, J.; Qian, Y. T. Porous ZnMn2O4 microspheres as a promising anode material for advanced lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 2014, 6, 193–199.
DOI Google Scholar
38

Wang, N. N.; Chen, L.; Ma, X. J.; Yue, J.; Niu, F. E.; Xu, H. Y.; Yang, J.; Qian, Y. T. Facile synthesis of hierarchically porous NiO micro-tubes as advanced anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 16847–16850.
DOI Google Scholar
39

Lewandowski, A.; Swiderska-Mocek, A.; Waliszewski, L. Solid electrolyte interphase formation on metallic lithium. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2012, 16, 3391–3397.
DOI Google Scholar
40

Hui, J. S.; Burgess, M.; Zhang, J. R.; Rodríguez-López, J. Layer number dependence of Li+ intercalation on few-layer graphene and electrochemical imaging of its solid?electrolyte interphase evolution. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 4248–4257.
DOI Google Scholar
41

Yang, C. L.; Li, E. H.; Yang, Z. Z.; Gu, L.; Yu, Y. Nanoconfined antimony in sulfur and nitrogen co-doped three-dimensionally (3D) interconnected macroporous carbon for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 2015, 18, 12–19.
DOI Google Scholar
42

Liu, S.; Feng, J. K.; Bian, X. F.; Liu, J.; Xu, H. The morphology-controlled synthesis of a nanoporous-antimony anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 1229–1236.
DOI Google Scholar
43

Liu, Z. M.; Yu, X. Y.; Lou, X. W.; Paik, U. Sb@C coaxial nanotubes as a superior long-life and high-rate anode for sodium ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 2314–2318.
DOI Google Scholar
44

Yang, Y. C.; Yang, X. M.; Zhang, Y.; Hou, H. S.; Jing, M. J.; Zhu, Y. R.; Fang, L. B.; Chen, Q. Y.; Ji, X. B. Cathodically induced antimony for rechargeable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries: The influences of hexagonal and amorphous phase. J. Power Sources 2015, 282, 358–367.
DOI Google Scholar
File
nr-10-5-1794_ESM.pdf (2.5 MB)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 05 September 2016
Revised: 18 January 2017
Accepted: 31 January 2017
Published: 04 March 2017
Issue date: May 2017

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 21471090 and 61527809), and Taishan Scholarship in Shandong Provinces (No. ts201511004), and Shandong Provincial Nature Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. JQ2012 05). We also want to thank Prof. Chunjiang Jia for his help on BET measurements.

Return