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Nano Research 2015, 8(9): 2998-3010 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0805-z
Research Article | Issue | Published: 30 July 2015

From graphite to porous graphene-like nanosheets for high rate lithium-ion batteries

Show Author's Information Dongdong Zhao,  Lei Wang,  Peng Yu,  Lu Zhao,  Chungui Tian,  Wei Zhou,  Lei Zhang,  Honggang Fu( )
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material ChemistryMinistry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
Keywords:
graphite, porous nanosheets, Li-ion battery, high-rate, graphene-like
Cite this article:
Zhao D, Wang L, Yu P, et al. From graphite to porous graphene-like nanosheets for high rate lithium-ion batteries. Nano Research, 2015, 8(9): 2998-3010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0805-z
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Graphene nanosheets possess a promising potential as electrodes in Li-ion batteries (LIBs); consequently, the development of low-cost and high-productivity synthetic approaches is crucial. Herein, porous graphene-like nanosheets (PGSs) have been synthesized from expandable graphite (EG) by initially intercalating phosphoric acid, and then performing annealing to enlarge the interlayer distance of EG, thus facilitating the successive intercalation of zinc chloride. Subsequently, the following pyrolysis of zinc chloride in the EG interlayer promoted the formation of the porous PGS structure; meanwhile, the gas produced during the formation of the porous structure could exfoliate the EG to graphene-like nanosheets. The synthetic PGS material used as LIB anode exhibited superior Li+ storage performance, showing a remarkable discharge capacity of 830.4 mAh·g-1 at 100 mA·g-1, excellent rate capacity of 211.6 mAh·g-1 at 20, 000 mA·g-1, and excellent cycle performance (near 100% capacity retention after 10, 000 cycles). The excellent rate performance is attributed to the Li+ ion rapid transport in porous structures and the high electrical conductivity of graphene-like nanosheets. It is expected that PGS may be widely used as anode material for high-rate LIBs via this facile and low-cost route by employing EG as the raw material.


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About this article

From graphite to porous graphene-like nanosheets for high rate lithium-ion batteries

Show Author's information Dongdong Zhao, Lei Wang, Peng Yu, Lu Zhao, Chungui Tian, Wei Zhou, Lei Zhang, Honggang Fu( )
Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material ChemistryMinistry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China

Abstract

Graphene nanosheets possess a promising potential as electrodes in Li-ion batteries (LIBs); consequently, the development of low-cost and high-productivity synthetic approaches is crucial. Herein, porous graphene-like nanosheets (PGSs) have been synthesized from expandable graphite (EG) by initially intercalating phosphoric acid, and then performing annealing to enlarge the interlayer distance of EG, thus facilitating the successive intercalation of zinc chloride. Subsequently, the following pyrolysis of zinc chloride in the EG interlayer promoted the formation of the porous PGS structure; meanwhile, the gas produced during the formation of the porous structure could exfoliate the EG to graphene-like nanosheets. The synthetic PGS material used as LIB anode exhibited superior Li+ storage performance, showing a remarkable discharge capacity of 830.4 mAh·g-1 at 100 mA·g-1, excellent rate capacity of 211.6 mAh·g-1 at 20, 000 mA·g-1, and excellent cycle performance (near 100% capacity retention after 10, 000 cycles). The excellent rate performance is attributed to the Li+ ion rapid transport in porous structures and the high electrical conductivity of graphene-like nanosheets. It is expected that PGS may be widely used as anode material for high-rate LIBs via this facile and low-cost route by employing EG as the raw material.

Keywords: graphite, porous nanosheets, Li-ion battery, high-rate, graphene-like

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 09 March 2015
Revised: 15 April 2015
Accepted: 24 April 2015
Published: 30 July 2015
Issue date: September 2015

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support of this research by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21031001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21401048, 21371053, and 21376065), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2014M551285), the Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project, the Ministry of Education of China (No. 708029), Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT-1237), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. LBH-TZ0519), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. QC2014C007), the Heilongjiang University Youth Foundation (No. QL201303).

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