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Nano Research 2015, 8(9): 2859-2870 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0791-1
Research Article | Issue | Published: 24 July 2015

Radiofrequency electric-field heating behaviors of highly enriched semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes

Show Author's Information Stuart J. Corr1,2,3,§( ),  Mustafa Raoof2,4,§,  Brandon T. Cisneros2,3,5,§,  Alvin W. Orbaek3,  Matthew A. Cheney1,2,3,  Justin J. Law1,3,  Nadia C. Lara1,3,  Andrew R. Barron3,6,  Lon J. Wilson3,  Steven A. Curley1,2,7
Division of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
Department of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
Department of Chemistry and the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
Department of SurgeryThe University of ArizonaCollege of MedicineTucsonAZ85724USA
Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
College of EngineeringSwansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaSA2 8PP, WalesUK
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
carbon nanotubes, hyperthermia, metallic, radiofrequency, semiconducting
Cite this article:
Corr SJ, Raoof M, Cisneros BT, et al. Radiofrequency electric-field heating behaviors of highly enriched semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nano Research, 2015, 8(9): 2859-2870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0791-1
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

It is theorized that enhanced thermal heating may result from exposing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) embedded in a conductive host to radiofrequency (RF) electric fields. We examine the RF-induced (13.56 MHz) heating behaviors of 95% metallic- and semiconducting-enriched SWNTs (m-/s-SWNTs) suspended in aqueous solutions with varying NaCl molarity (0.001 mM–1 M). The heating effects were only evident for host molarities below 1 mM (equivalent to 0.1 S/m) at which the s-SWNT heating rates dominated those of the m-SWNTs. The heating effects were localized to aligned and aggregated "SWNT ropes" ~1 cm in length that formed in suspension, parallel to the electric-field vector, during the RF exposure. For molarities above 1 mM, no enhancements were evident, owing to the large heating effects of the bulk ionic NaCl suspensions, which were observed in previous studies. Although larger enhancement effects proportional to the host conductivity have been theoretically predicted for m-/s-SWNT suspensions, this was not observed most likely because of the aggregation and screening effects, which diminished the scattered electric field near the m-/s-SWNTs. Our research may further the development of better nanoparticle heating agents for applications such as non-invasive RF-induced cancer hyperthermia.


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About this article

Radiofrequency electric-field heating behaviors of highly enriched semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes

Show Author's information Stuart J. Corr1,2,3,§( ), Mustafa Raoof2,4,§, Brandon T. Cisneros2,3,5,§, Alvin W. Orbaek3, Matthew A. Cheney1,2,3, Justin J. Law1,3, Nadia C. Lara1,3, Andrew R. Barron3,6, Lon J. Wilson3, Steven A. Curley1,2,7
Division of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
Department of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
Department of Chemistry and the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
Department of SurgeryThe University of ArizonaCollege of MedicineTucsonAZ85724USA
Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
College of EngineeringSwansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaSA2 8PP, WalesUK
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

It is theorized that enhanced thermal heating may result from exposing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) embedded in a conductive host to radiofrequency (RF) electric fields. We examine the RF-induced (13.56 MHz) heating behaviors of 95% metallic- and semiconducting-enriched SWNTs (m-/s-SWNTs) suspended in aqueous solutions with varying NaCl molarity (0.001 mM–1 M). The heating effects were only evident for host molarities below 1 mM (equivalent to 0.1 S/m) at which the s-SWNT heating rates dominated those of the m-SWNTs. The heating effects were localized to aligned and aggregated "SWNT ropes" ~1 cm in length that formed in suspension, parallel to the electric-field vector, during the RF exposure. For molarities above 1 mM, no enhancements were evident, owing to the large heating effects of the bulk ionic NaCl suspensions, which were observed in previous studies. Although larger enhancement effects proportional to the host conductivity have been theoretically predicted for m-/s-SWNT suspensions, this was not observed most likely because of the aggregation and screening effects, which diminished the scattered electric field near the m-/s-SWNTs. Our research may further the development of better nanoparticle heating agents for applications such as non-invasive RF-induced cancer hyperthermia.

Keywords: carbon nanotubes, hyperthermia, metallic, radiofrequency, semiconducting

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 10 January 2015
Revised: 07 April 2015
Accepted: 14 April 2015
Published: 24 July 2015
Issue date: September 2015

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the NIH (No. U54CA143837), the NIH M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Support Grants (No. CA016672), the V Foundation (SAC), The Robert A. Welch Foundation (No. C-0627, LJW; No. C-0002, ARB), and an unrestricted research grant from the Kanzius Research Foundation (SAC, Erie, PA, USA).

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