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The synthesis of highly uniform alloy nanocrystals with a concave feature is desirable for applications in catalysis but is an arduous task. This article proposes an initiative protocol for the fabrication of novel Cu-Pd alloy nanocrystals, wherein the volume of decylamine (DA) in the reaction system was found to greatly influence the formation of different morphologies, including the tetrahedron (TH), concave tetrahedron (CTH), rhombohedral-tetrapod (RTP), and tetrapod (TP). The alloy structure of the products arises from the coordination interaction between the DA and metal ions, which affects the reduction potential of Cu and Pd species, and thus yields co-reduction. Other reaction parameters, such as the type of ligand, amount of reductant, and temperature, were also altered to study the growth mechanism, yielding consistent conclusions in the diffusion-controlled regime. As a catalyst, 48-nm Cu-Pd concave tetrahedral nanocrystals were highly active for the hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene and exhibited > 99.9% chemoselectivity to C=C instead of -NO2.
This work was supported by Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, MOST of China (2014CB932700 and 2011CB921403), 2015SRG-HSC049, NSFC under Grant Nos. 21203173, 51371164, and 51132007, Strategic Priority Research Program B of the CAS under Grant No. XDB01020000, and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2340000050, WK3510000002 and WK2060190025).