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Although the inter-layer coupling in layered materials has attracted considerable interest due to its importance in determining physical properties of two-dimensional systems, studies on the inter-layer coupling in one-dimensional systems have so far been limited. Double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are one of the most fundamental and ideal model systems to study the inter-layer coupling in one-dimensional systems. In this work, Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the electronic transition between inner-and outer-nanotubes of the exactly same individual DWCNT. We find that the inter-layer coupling is strong, leading to downshifts in most of the optical transition energies (up to ~0.2 eV) compared to isolated CNTs. We also find that the presence of metallic tubes lead to stronger shifts. The inter-layer screening of Coulomb interactions is one of the key factors in explaining the observed results.
We thank Dr. Kentaro Sato, Dr. Ahmad Nuguraha and Prof. Riichiro Saito for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Grant-in-aid for Young Scientists A (Nos. 25708002 and 24681031), Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (No. 25107002) and Scientific Research S (No. 22225001) from MEXT Japan and a PRESTO Grant from JST. This work was also supported by the Global COE Program in Chemistry, Nagoya University and the ZE Research Program, IAE (No. ZE25B-38).