Characteristics and Effects of Diffused Water Between Graphene and a SiO2 Substrate
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Bae Ho Park1(
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The graphene/SiO2 system is a promising building block for next-generation electronic devices, integrating the high electromagnetic performance of graphene with the mature technology of Si-based electronic devices. It is well known that the electromagnetic performance of graphene/SiO2 is dramatically reduced by structural defects, such as wrinkles and folding, which are suspected to result from water droplets. Therefore, understanding water diffusion between graphene and SiO2 is required for controlling structural defects and thus improving the electromagnetic performance of this system. Although the behavior of water between graphene and atomically flat mica has been investigated, the characteristics and effects of diffused water between graphene and SiO2 remain unidentified. We have investigated water diffusion between monolayer graphene and SiO2 under high humidity conditions using atomic force microscopy. For a relative humidity of over 90%, water diffuses into graphene/SiO2 and forms an ice-like structure up to two layers thick. Liquid-like water can further diffuse in, stacking over the ice-like layer and evaporating relatively easily in the air causing graphene to wrinkle and fold. By similarly investigating water diffusion between graphene and mica, we argue that water-induced wrinkle formation depends on the hydrophilicity and roughness of the substrate.
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Characteristics and Effects of Diffused Water Between Graphene and a SiO2 Substrate
), Bae Ho Park1(
)
Abstract
The graphene/SiO2 system is a promising building block for next-generation electronic devices, integrating the high electromagnetic performance of graphene with the mature technology of Si-based electronic devices. It is well known that the electromagnetic performance of graphene/SiO2 is dramatically reduced by structural defects, such as wrinkles and folding, which are suspected to result from water droplets. Therefore, understanding water diffusion between graphene and SiO2 is required for controlling structural defects and thus improving the electromagnetic performance of this system. Although the behavior of water between graphene and atomically flat mica has been investigated, the characteristics and effects of diffused water between graphene and SiO2 remain unidentified. We have investigated water diffusion between monolayer graphene and SiO2 under high humidity conditions using atomic force microscopy. For a relative humidity of over 90%, water diffuses into graphene/SiO2 and forms an ice-like structure up to two layers thick. Liquid-like water can further diffuse in, stacking over the ice-like layer and evaporating relatively easily in the air causing graphene to wrinkle and fold. By similarly investigating water diffusion between graphene and mica, we argue that water-induced wrinkle formation depends on the hydrophilicity and roughness of the substrate.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Laboratory (NRL) Program (Grant No. 2008-0060004), the World Class University (WCU) Program (Grant No. R31-2008-000-10057-0), Basic Science Research Programs (2011-0014209 and 2011-0027288), the Global Frontier Research Center for Advanced Soft Electronics (2011-0031629), the Nano×Material Technology Development Program (2011-0030228), and the Quantum Metamaterials Research Center (Grant No. R11-2008-053-03002-0) through the NRF funded by the Korean government Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST).
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