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Nano Research 2010, 3(5): 307-316 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-1034-0
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 01 May 2010

Electrocondensation and Evaporation of Attoliter Water Droplets: Direct Visualization Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Show Author's Information Narendra Kurra1,  Adina Scott2,  Giridhar U. Kulkarni1( )
Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and DST Unit on NanoscienceJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur POBangalore560 064India
Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
Keywords:
Electrocondensation, attoliter water droplets, biased atomic force microscope (AFM) lithography, electron beam induced deposition, carbonaceous deposition
Cite this article:
Kurra N, Scott A, Kulkarni GU. Electrocondensation and Evaporation of Attoliter Water Droplets: Direct Visualization Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Nano Research, 2010, 3(5): 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-1034-0
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Working with a biased atomic force microscope (AFM) tip in the tapping mode under ambient atmosphere, attoliter (10−18 L) water droplet patterns have been generated on a patterned carbonaceous surface. This is essentially electrocondensation of water leading to charged droplets, as evidenced from electrostatic force microscopy measurements. The droplets are unusual in that they exhibit a highly corrugated surface and evaporate rather slowly, taking several tens of minutes.


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About this article

Electrocondensation and Evaporation of Attoliter Water Droplets: Direct Visualization Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Show Author's information Narendra Kurra1, Adina Scott2, Giridhar U. Kulkarni1( )
Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and DST Unit on NanoscienceJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur POBangalore560 064India
Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA

Abstract

Working with a biased atomic force microscope (AFM) tip in the tapping mode under ambient atmosphere, attoliter (10−18 L) water droplet patterns have been generated on a patterned carbonaceous surface. This is essentially electrocondensation of water leading to charged droplets, as evidenced from electrostatic force microscopy measurements. The droplets are unusual in that they exhibit a highly corrugated surface and evaporate rather slowly, taking several tens of minutes.

Keywords: Electrocondensation, attoliter water droplets, biased atomic force microscope (AFM) lithography, electron beam induced deposition, carbonaceous deposition

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Publication history

Received: 01 February 2010
Revised: 01 March 2010
Accepted: 01 March 2010
Published: 01 May 2010
Issue date: May 2010

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2010

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Professor C. N. R. Rao, Fellow of Royal Society (FRS) for his encouragement. Support from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India is gratefully acknowledged. N. K. acknowledges Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for funding. N. K. acknowledges Ritu for reading the manuscript. The authors thank Veeco India Nano-technology Laboratory at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) for the AFM facility. A. S. acknowledges INDO-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF) for funding.

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