Open Access
Issue
Published:
01 April 2009
Mesoflowers: A New Class of Highly Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Active and Infr red-Absorbing Materials
Download citation
643
Views
13
Downloads
81
Crossref
N/A
WoS
78
Scopus
0
CSCD
A method for the synthesis of a new class of anisotropic mesostructured gold material, which we call "mesoflowers", is demonstrated. The mesoflowers, unsymmetrical at the single particle level, resemble several natural objects and are made up of a large number of stems with unusual pentagonal symmetry. The mesostructured material has a high degree of structural purity with star-shaped, nano-structured stems. The mesoflowers were obtained in high yield, without any contaminating structures and their size could be tuned from nano- to meso-dimensions. The dependence of various properties of the mesoflowers on their conditions of formation was studied. The near-infrared–infrared (NIR–IR) absorption exhibited by the mesoflowers has been used for the development of infrared filters. Using a prototypical device, we demonstrated the utility of the gold mesoflowers in reducing the temperature rise in an enclosure exposed to daylight in peak summer. These structures showed a high degree of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity compared to spherical analogues. SERS-based imaging of a single mesoflower is demonstrated. The high SERS activity and NIR–IR absorption property open up a number of exciting applications in diverse areas.
menu
Mesoflowers: A New Class of Highly Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Active and Infr red-Absorbing Materials
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of a new class of anisotropic mesostructured gold material, which we call "mesoflowers", is demonstrated. The mesoflowers, unsymmetrical at the single particle level, resemble several natural objects and are made up of a large number of stems with unusual pentagonal symmetry. The mesostructured material has a high degree of structural purity with star-shaped, nano-structured stems. The mesoflowers were obtained in high yield, without any contaminating structures and their size could be tuned from nano- to meso-dimensions. The dependence of various properties of the mesoflowers on their conditions of formation was studied. The near-infrared–infrared (NIR–IR) absorption exhibited by the mesoflowers has been used for the development of infrared filters. Using a prototypical device, we demonstrated the utility of the gold mesoflowers in reducing the temperature rise in an enclosure exposed to daylight in peak summer. These structures showed a high degree of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity compared to spherical analogues. SERS-based imaging of a single mesoflower is demonstrated. The high SERS activity and NIR–IR absorption property open up a number of exciting applications in diverse areas.
References(50)
Xiao, Z. -L.; Han, C. Y.; Kwok, W. -K.; Wang, H. -H.; Welp, U.; Wang, J.; Crabtree. G. W. Tuning the architecture of mesostructures by electrodeposition. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 2316–2317.
Penner, R. M. Mesoscopic metal particles and wires by electrodeposition. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 3339–3353.
Sau, T. K.; Murphy, C. J. Seeded high yield synthesis of short Au nanorods in aqueous solution. Langmuir 2004, 20, 6414–6420.
Sau, T. K.; Gole, A. M.; Orendorff, C. J.; Gao, J.; Gou, L.; Hunyadi, S. E.; Murphy, C. J. Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, assembly, and optical applications. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 13857–13870.
Perez-Juste, J.; Pastorìza-Santos, I.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Mulvaney, P. Gold nanorods: Synthesis, characterization and applications. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2005, 249, 1870–1901.
Millstone, J. E.; Park, S.; Shuford, K. L.; Qin, L.; Schatz, G. C.; Mirkin, C. A. Observation of a quadrupole plasmon mode for a colloidal solution of gold nanoprisms. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 5312–5313.
Sajanlal, P. R.; Pradeep, T. Electric-field-assisted growth of highly uniform and oriented gold nanotriangles on conducting glass substrates. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 980–983.
Seong Ah, D. C.; Yun, Y. J.; Park, H. J.; Kim, W. J.; Ha, D. H.; Yun, W. S. Size-controlled synthesis of machinable single crystalline gold nanoplates. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 5558–5561.
Jin, R.; Cao, Y.; Mirkin, C. A.; Kelly, K. L.; Schatz, G. C.; Zheng, J. G. Photoinduced conversion of silver nanospheres to nanoprisms. Science 2001, 294, 1901–1903.
Hu, J.; Odom, T. W.; Lieber, C. M. Chemistry and physics in one dimension: Synthesis and properties of nanowires and nanotubes. Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 435–445.
Wiley, B.; Sun, Y.; Mayers, B.; Xia. Y. Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: The case of silver. Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 454–463.
Hao, E.; Bailey, R. C.; Schatz, G. C.; Hupp, J. T.; Li, S. Synthesis and optical properties of "branched" gold nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 327–330.
Nehl, C. L.; Liao, H.; Hafner, J. H. Optical properties of star-shaped gold nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 683–688.
Hu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, B.; Liu, J.; Zhou, H.; Xu, Y.; Jiang, Y. Y.; Yang, Z.; Tian, Z. Synthesis and properties of tadpole-shaped gold nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 9470–9471.
Nishida, N.; Shibu, E. S.; Yao, H.; Oonishi, T.; Kimura, K.; Pradeep, T. Fluorescent gold nanoparticle superlattices. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 4719–4723.
Yang, Y.; Liu, S.; Kimura, K. Superlattice formation from polydisperse Ag nanoparticles by a vapor-diffusion method. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 5662–5665.
Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Synthesis of silver nanoprisms in DMF. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 903–905.
Liu, J.; Cankurtaran, B.; Wieczorek, L.; Ford, M. J.; Cortie, M. Anisotropic optical properties of semitransparent coatings of gold nanocaps. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 1457–1461.
El-Sayed, M. A. Some interesting properties of metals confined in time and nanometer space of different shapes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 257–264.
Sreeprasad, T. S.; Samal, A. K.; Pradeep, T. Body- or tip-controlled reactivity of gold nanorods and their conversion to particles through other anisotropic structures. Langmuir 2007, 23, 9463–9471.
Maier, S. A.; Brongersma, M. L.; Kik, P. G.; Meltzer, S.; Requicha, A. A. G.; Atwater, H. A. Plasmonics–A route to nanoscale optical devices. Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 1501–1505.
Shankar, S. S.; Rai, A.; Ankamwar, B.; Singh, A.; Ahmad, A.; Sastry, M. Biological synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 482–488.
O'Neal, D. P.; Hirsch, L. R.; Halas, N. J.; Payne, J. D.; West, J. L. Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles. Canc. Lett. 2004, 209, 171–176.
Sajanlal, P. R.; Sreeprasad, T. S.; Nair, A. S.; Pradeep, T. Wires, plates, flowers, needles, and core-shells: Diverse nanostructures of gold using polyaniline templates. Langmuir 2008, 24, 4607–4614.
Jena, B. K.; Raj, C. R. Seedless, surfactantless room temperature synthesis of single crystalline fluorescent gold nanoflowers with pronounced SERS and electrocatalytic activity. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 3546–3548.
Bakshi, M. S.; Possmayer, F.; Petersen, N. O. Role of different phospholipids in the synthesis of pearl-necklace-type gold–silver bimetallic nanoparticles as bioconjugate materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 14113–14124.
Li, Y.; Shi, G. Electrochemical growth of two-dimensional gold nanostructures on a thin polypyrrole film modified ITO electrode. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 23787–23793.
Jena, B. K.; Raj, C. R. Synthesis of flower-like gold nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of methanol and the reduction of oxygen. Langmuir 2007, 23, 4064–4670.
Wang, W.; Cui, H. Chitosan-luminol reduced gold nanoflowers: From one-pot synthesis to morphology-dependent SPR and chemiluminescence sensing. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 10759–10766.
Qian, L.; Yang, X. Polyamidoamine dendrimers-assisted electrodeposition of gold-platinum bimetallic nanoflowers. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 16672–16678.
Yang, Z.; Lin, Z. H.; Tang, C. Y.; Chang, H. T. Preparation and characterization of flower-like gold nanomaterials and iron oxide/gold composite nanomaterials. Nanotechnology 2007, 18, 255606.
Zijlstra, P.; Bullen, C.; Chon, J. W. M.; Gu, M. High-temperature seedless synthesis of gold nanorods. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 19315–19318.
Fleming, D. A.; Williams, M. E. Size-controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles via high-temperature reduction. Langmuir 2004, 20, 3021–3023.
Huang, W. -L.; Chen, C. -H.; Huang, M. H. Investigation of the growth process of gold nanoplates formed by thermal aqueous solution approach and the synthesis of ultra-small gold nanoplates. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 2533–2538.
Park, H. J.; Ah, C. S.; Kim, W. -J.; Choi, I. S.; Lee, K. P. Temperature-induced control of aspect ratio of gold nanorods. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2006, 24, 1323–1326.
Elechiguerra, J. L.; Reyes-Gasga, J.; Yacaman, M. J. The role of twinning in shape evolution of anisotropic noble metal nanostructures. J. Mater. Chem. 2006, 16, 3906–3919.
Chen, C.; Gao, Y. Electrosyntheses of poly(neutral red), a polyaniline derivative. Electrochim. Acta, 2007, 52, 3143–3148.
Wang, H. Y.; Mu, S. L. Bioelectrochemical characteristics of cholesterol oxidase immobilized in a polyaniline film. Sens. Actuators B 1999, 56, 22–30.
Malinsky, M. D.; Kelly, K. L.; Schatz, G. C.; Van Duyne, R. P. Nanosphere lithography: Effect of substrate on the localized surface plasmon resonance spectrum of silver nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 2343–2350.
Draine, B. T.; Flatau, P. J. Discrete-dipole approximation for scattering calculations. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1994, 11, 1491–1499.
Jain, P. K.; Lee, K. S.; El-Sayed, I. H.; El-Sayed, M. A. Calculated absorption and scattering properties of gold nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition: Applications in biological imaging and biomedicine. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 7238–7248.
Xu, X.; Stevens, M.; Cortie, M. B. In situ precipitation of gold nanoparticles onto glass for potential architectural applications. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 2259–2266.
Kumar, P. S.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Rodríguez-González, B.; García de Abajo, F. J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. High-yield synthesis and optical response of gold nanostars. Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 15606.
Turkevich, J.; Stevenson, P. L.; Hillier, J. A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1951, 11, 55–75.
Kumar, G. V. P.; Shruthi, S.; Vibha, B.; Reddy, B. A. A.; Kundu, T. K.; Narayana, C. Hot spots in Ag core-Au shell nanoparticles potent for surface-enhanced Raman scattering studies of biomolecules. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 4388–4392.
Hao, E.; Schatz, G. C. Electromagnetic fields around silver nanoparticles and dimers. J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 120, 357–366.
Hao, F.; Nehl, C. L.; Hafner, J. H.; Nordlander, P. Plasmon resonances of a gold nanostar. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 729–732.
Qin, L.; Zou, S.; Xue, C.; Atkinson, A.; Schatz, G. C.; Mirkin, C. A. Designing, fabricating, and imaging Raman hot spots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 13300–13303.
Subramaniam, C.; Chakrabarti, J.; Pradeep, T. Flow-induced transverse electrical potential across an assembly of gold nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 164501.
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
We thank Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for constantly supporting our research program on nanomaterials. Prof. Keisaku Kimura, Department of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Japan is thanked for allowing the use of his FESEM. Dr. A. Sreekumaran Nair is thanked for assistance with the FESEM. T. S. Sreeprasad is thanked for help with the TEM measurements. Anshup is thanked for his assistance in IR absorption measurements. Robin John is thanked for help in the XPS measurements.
Rights and permissions
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
FEEDBACK 
TOP