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Nano Research 2009, 2(2): 135-142 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-009-9011-1
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 01 February 2009

Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites with Amines: Novel Materials for Phosgene Detection

Show Author's Information Shabnam Virji1,  Robert Kojima2,  Jesse D. Fowler1,  Joey G. Villanueva2,  Richard B. Kaner2,  Bruce H. Weiller1( )
Materials Processing and Evaluation Department Space Materials Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation P. O. Box 92957/M2-248, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
Keywords:
conducting polymer, Polyaniline nanofibers, amines, chemical sensor, phosgene
Cite this article:
Virji S, Kojima R, Fowler JD, et al. Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites with Amines: Novel Materials for Phosgene Detection. Nano Research, 2009, 2(2): 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-009-9011-1
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Abstract Full text About this article

Several orders of magnitude of change in resistance are observed upon chemical doping and dedoping of the conducting polymer polyaniline. This large conductivity range can be utilized to make sensitive chemical sensors. Polyaniline, in its nanofiber form, has even greater sensing capabilities due to the small fiber diameters, high surface area, and porous nanofiber network that enhances gas diffusion into the fibers. Polyaniline nanofibers have been synthesized using a rapid mixing method and dispersed in water allowing them to be easily modified with water soluble agents, making new composite materials. Polyaniline nanofiber composite materials can be used to enhance detection of analytes that unmodified polyaniline would not otherwise be able to detect. The detection mechanism involves the reaction of an additive with the analyte to generate a strong acid that is easily detected by polyaniline, resulting in orders of magnitude changes in resistance. The reaction of the additive alone with the analyte produces no electrical response, however. In this paper, an array of amine-polyaniline nanofiber composite materials is investigated for the detection of phosgene gas. The influence of environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature are examined and a detection mechanism is presented.


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About this article

Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites with Amines: Novel Materials for Phosgene Detection

Show Author's information Shabnam Virji1, Robert Kojima2, Jesse D. Fowler1, Joey G. Villanueva2, Richard B. Kaner2, Bruce H. Weiller1( )
Materials Processing and Evaluation Department Space Materials Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation P. O. Box 92957/M2-248, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA

Abstract

Several orders of magnitude of change in resistance are observed upon chemical doping and dedoping of the conducting polymer polyaniline. This large conductivity range can be utilized to make sensitive chemical sensors. Polyaniline, in its nanofiber form, has even greater sensing capabilities due to the small fiber diameters, high surface area, and porous nanofiber network that enhances gas diffusion into the fibers. Polyaniline nanofibers have been synthesized using a rapid mixing method and dispersed in water allowing them to be easily modified with water soluble agents, making new composite materials. Polyaniline nanofiber composite materials can be used to enhance detection of analytes that unmodified polyaniline would not otherwise be able to detect. The detection mechanism involves the reaction of an additive with the analyte to generate a strong acid that is easily detected by polyaniline, resulting in orders of magnitude changes in resistance. The reaction of the additive alone with the analyte produces no electrical response, however. In this paper, an array of amine-polyaniline nanofiber composite materials is investigated for the detection of phosgene gas. The influence of environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature are examined and a detection mechanism is presented.

Keywords: conducting polymer, Polyaniline nanofibers, amines, chemical sensor, phosgene

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Publication history

Received: 29 August 2008
Revised: 09 December 2008
Accepted: 10 December 2008
Published: 01 February 2009
Issue date: February 2009

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© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag 2009

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Aerospace Corporation's Independent Research and Development Program (BHW) and the National Science Foundation Grant DMR 0507294 (RBK).

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This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

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