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Nano Research 2008, 1(6): 450-456 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-008-8047-y
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 01 December 2008

Two-Photon Luminescence Imaging of Bacillus Spores Using Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanorods

Show Author's Information Wei He1,†,  Walter A. Henne1,3,†,  Qingshan Wei1,  Yan Zhao1,  Derek D. Doorneweerd1,3,  Ji-Xin Cheng1,2,  Philip S. Low1,3,  Alexander Wei1,3( )
Purdue University Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, 206 S. Martin Jischke DriveWest Lafayette IN 47907 USA
Center of Sensing Science and Technology Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette IN 47907 USA

† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
Bionanotechnology, nanorods, nonlinear optics, pathogen detection, peptides
Cite this article:
He W, Henne WA, Wei Q, et al. Two-Photon Luminescence Imaging of Bacillus Spores Using Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanorods. Nano Research, 2008, 1(6): 450-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-008-8047-y
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Abstract Full text About this article

Bacillus subtilis spores (a simulant of Bacillus anthracis) have been imaged by two-photon luminescence (TPL) microscopy, using gold nanorods (GNRs) functionalized with a cysteine-terminated homing peptide. Control experiments using a peptide with a scrambled amino acid sequence confirmed that the GNR targeting was highly selective for the spore surfaces. The high sensitivity of TPL combined with the high affinity of the peptide labels enables spores to be detected with high fidelity using GNRs at femtomolar concentrations. It was also determined that GNRs are capable of significant TPL output even when irradiated at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths far from their longitudinal plasmon resonance (LPR), permitting considerable flexibility in the choice of GNR aspect ratio or excitation wavelength for TPL imaging.


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About this article

Two-Photon Luminescence Imaging of Bacillus Spores Using Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanorods

Show Author's information Wei He1,†, Walter A. Henne1,3,†, Qingshan Wei1, Yan Zhao1, Derek D. Doorneweerd1,3, Ji-Xin Cheng1,2, Philip S. Low1,3, Alexander Wei1,3( )
Purdue University Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, 206 S. Martin Jischke DriveWest Lafayette IN 47907 USA
Center of Sensing Science and Technology Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette IN 47907 USA

† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis spores (a simulant of Bacillus anthracis) have been imaged by two-photon luminescence (TPL) microscopy, using gold nanorods (GNRs) functionalized with a cysteine-terminated homing peptide. Control experiments using a peptide with a scrambled amino acid sequence confirmed that the GNR targeting was highly selective for the spore surfaces. The high sensitivity of TPL combined with the high affinity of the peptide labels enables spores to be detected with high fidelity using GNRs at femtomolar concentrations. It was also determined that GNRs are capable of significant TPL output even when irradiated at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths far from their longitudinal plasmon resonance (LPR), permitting considerable flexibility in the choice of GNR aspect ratio or excitation wavelength for TPL imaging.

Keywords: Bionanotechnology, nanorods, nonlinear optics, pathogen detection, peptides

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 30 June 2008
Revised: 22 October 2008
Accepted: 22 October 2008
Published: 01 December 2008
Issue date: December 2008

Copyright

© Tsinghua Press and Springer-Verlag 2008

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Institute of Health (EB-001777) and also by the Department of Defense (W911SR-08-C-0001), administered through the U.S. Army RDECOM (Edgewood Contracting Division) and the Center for Sensing Science and Technology at Purdue University. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Arthur Aronson for providing B. subtilis spores, Dr. Dorota Inerowicz for quantitative peptide analysis, and Prof. Ron Reifenberger, Prof. Yeong Kim, Dr. Haifeng Wang, and Dr. Alexei Leonov for helpful discussions.

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