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Review | Open Access

Hierarchically Structured Biogenic Siliceous Rocks for Electrocatalysis: Advances, Methodologies, and Future Directions

Kunjiao Li1,2, Shuaishuai Gao1,2, Yuxin Zhang1,2 ( ), Lili Zhang3( )
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment, Chongqing 401135, China
Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Singapore 627833, Singapore
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Abstract

Electrocatalysis technology is crucial for energy conversion. However, its widespread application is hindered by the high cost and scarcity of noble metal catalysts. Biogenic siliceous materials, such as diatomite (DT), characterized by hierarchical pore structures and inherent stability, offers a robust platform for developing efficient, cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the DT functionalization and utilization as a template or precursor for synthesizing porous carbon (PC)-based, silicon-based, and metal compound catalysts. The review specifically evaluates the performance of biogenic siliceous materials in key electrocatalytic reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Finally, the review outlines research directions to address current challenges, highlighting the criticality of optimizing structural regulations and controllable synthesis to facilitate the practical application of these electrocatalytic materials.

Keywords

ElectrocatalyticBiogenic siliceous rockCatalyst

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Transactions of Tianjin University
Volume 32 Issue 3,
June 2026
Pages 219-243
DOI: 10.1007/s12209-026-00467-3

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Li K, Gao S, Zhang Y, et al. Hierarchically Structured Biogenic Siliceous Rocks for Electrocatalysis: Advances, Methodologies, and Future Directions. Transactions of Tianjin University, 2026, 32(3): 219-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-026-00467-3

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Received: 15 November 2025
Revised: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 23 January 2026
Published: 26 March 2026
© The Author(s) 2026

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