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Review | Open Access

Advanced Deep Learning and Hybrid Architectures in Biomedical Data Analysis for Advances in Medicine

Lifeng Li1,2,3, Ashfaque Khowaja4, Yucheng Song5, Mingwei Zhang6, Shabir Hussain7 ( )
Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
The School of Medical Imaging, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha, China
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract

Traditional diagnostic methods in biomedicine are often constrained by subjectivity, misdiagnosis, and the inability to efficiently process large, complex, and multimodal datasets. Recent advances in deep learning and hybrid architectures have enabled the automated learning of discriminative representations from high‐dimensional biomedical data, supporting robust classification and integrative analysis across imaging, physiological signals, and clinical texts. This review synthesizes the current progress in applying deep learning to neuroimaging, cardiovascular disease diagnosis, functional connectivity analysis, and biomedical text mining, focusing on hybrid and ensemble strategies that combine complementary modeling strengths. These approaches show improved accuracy, scalability, and adaptability while extending situational awareness by incorporating patient‐generated and clinical textual data. Despite promising outcomes, challenges remain in data availability, computational efficiency, interpretability, and clinical integration. Future directions emphasize the development of explainable, multimodal, and generalizable frameworks capable of supporting precision medicine and advancing patient‐centered care.

Graphical Abstract

This review summarizes AI methods for biomedical imaging and clinical data analysis. Deep learning and multimodal models improve feature learning and diagnostic accuracy. Future progress requires explainable and generalizable AI for precision medicine. CNN, convolutional neural network; ConvLSTM, convolutional long short‐term memory; ECG, electrocardiogram; MI, myocardial infarction; NLP, natural language processing; RNN, recurrent neural network; U‐Net, U‐shaped convolutional neural network.

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Medicine Advances
Pages 274-286

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Cite this article:
Li L, Khowaja A, Song Y, et al. Advanced Deep Learning and Hybrid Architectures in Biomedical Data Analysis for Advances in Medicine. Medicine Advances, 2026, 4(3): 274-286. https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.70079

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Received: 04 October 2025
Revised: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 31 March 2026
Published: 08 September 2026
© 2026 The Author(s). Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.