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iLABMED 2023, 1(1): 44-57 https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.11
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Bottlenecks and recent advancements in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with HIV

Show Author's Information Zixun Lin1,,  Liqin Sun2,,  Cheng Wang1,3,  Fuxiang Wang1,  Jun Wang1,4( ),  Qian Li1( ),  Hongzhou Lu1,3 ( )
National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

Zixun Lin and Liqin Sun contributed equally to this work and shared the first authorship.

Keywords:
tuberculosis, diagnosis, HIV/TB co‐infection
Cite this article:
Lin Z, Sun L, Wang C, et al. Bottlenecks and recent advancements in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with HIV. iLABMED, 2023, 1(1): 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.11
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Abstract Full text About this article

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of deaths among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Early diagnosis of TB is essential for administering timely anti‐TB therapy and improving health outcomes, particularly in the people living with HIV. However, conventional techniques used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis have significant drawbacks: for example, sputum smear microscopy has low sensitivity, and liquid culture is time‐consuming in patients with HIV‐TB co‐infection due to low sputum production. In addition, while immunological‐based methods involving tuberculin skin testing and interferon gamma release assays are commonly used for auxiliary TB diagnosis, they are often inaccurate in immunodeficient patients. Molecular techniques such as line probe assays, Xpert MTB, and lipoarabinomannan assay are recommended for early diagnosis by World Health Organization. However, no single technique is sufficicent for diagnosing HIV/TB co‐infection, suggesting that multiple diagnostic tests should be used to detect TB. Here, we summarize the drawbacks and advantages of existing TB‐diagnostic methods, as well as their applications to diagnosing HIV/TB co‐infection. We describe newly emerging technologies such as whole genome sequencing and mass spectrometry, with the aim of providing updated guidelines and alternative strategies for TB diagnosis, and particularly HIV/TB diagnosis.


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About this article

Bottlenecks and recent advancements in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with HIV

Show Author's information Zixun Lin1,, Liqin Sun2,, Cheng Wang1,3, Fuxiang Wang1, Jun Wang1,4( ), Qian Li1( ), Hongzhou Lu1,3 ( )
National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

Zixun Lin and Liqin Sun contributed equally to this work and shared the first authorship.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of deaths among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Early diagnosis of TB is essential for administering timely anti‐TB therapy and improving health outcomes, particularly in the people living with HIV. However, conventional techniques used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis have significant drawbacks: for example, sputum smear microscopy has low sensitivity, and liquid culture is time‐consuming in patients with HIV‐TB co‐infection due to low sputum production. In addition, while immunological‐based methods involving tuberculin skin testing and interferon gamma release assays are commonly used for auxiliary TB diagnosis, they are often inaccurate in immunodeficient patients. Molecular techniques such as line probe assays, Xpert MTB, and lipoarabinomannan assay are recommended for early diagnosis by World Health Organization. However, no single technique is sufficicent for diagnosing HIV/TB co‐infection, suggesting that multiple diagnostic tests should be used to detect TB. Here, we summarize the drawbacks and advantages of existing TB‐diagnostic methods, as well as their applications to diagnosing HIV/TB co‐infection. We describe newly emerging technologies such as whole genome sequencing and mass spectrometry, with the aim of providing updated guidelines and alternative strategies for TB diagnosis, and particularly HIV/TB diagnosis.

Keywords: tuberculosis, diagnosis, HIV/TB co‐infection

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Received: 15 February 2023
Revised: 31 March 2023
Accepted: 03 April 2023
Published: 10 May 2023
Issue date: June 2023

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© 2023 The Authors. Tsinghua University Press.

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