A Hierarchical Modeling Framework for Electrochemical Behaviors in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Detailed Structures

The accurate representation of lithium plating and aging phenomena has posed a persistent challenge within the battery research community. Empirical evidence underscores the pivotal role of cell structure in influencing aging behaviors and lithium plating within lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Available lithium-ion plating models often falter in detailed description when integrating the structural intricacies. To address this challenge, this study proposes an innovative hierarchical model that intricately incorporates the layered rolling structure in cells. Notably, our model demonstrates a remarkable capacity to predict the non-uniform distribution of current density and overpotential along the rolling direction of LIBs. Subsequently, we delve into an insightful exploration of the structural factors that influence lithium plating behavior, leveraging the foundation laid by our established model. Furthermore, we easily update the hierarchical model by considering aging factors. This aging model effectively anticipates capacity fatigue and lithium plating tendencies across individual layers of LIBs, all while maintaining computational efficiency. In light of our findings, this model yields novel perspectives on capacity fatigue dynamics and local lithium plating behaviors, offering a substantial advancement compared to existing models. This research paves the way for more efficient and tailored LIB design and operation, with broad implications for energy storage technologies.