@article{Lai2026, 
author = {Yong Lai and Shuai Zhang and Rui Zhou},
title = {Analysis of the Evolution Law of Surrounding Rock Loose Ring in Deep-Buried Tunnel In-situ Expansion},
year = {2026},
journal = {Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {1170-1178},
keywords = {deep-buried tunnel, in-situ expansion, loose ring, surrounding rock deformation, evolution law},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.04.06},
doi = {10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.04.06},
abstract = {With the continuous increase in urban traffic, more and more existing tunnel reconstruction and expansion projects have been put on the agenda. It is of great significance to carry out theoretical research on the reconstruction and expansion of existing tunnels. After simplifying the existing tunnel and the tunnel to be expanded as equivalent circles, the evolution theory of the loose zones of the existing tunnel and the tunnel to be expanded is studied using the Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion. The secondary development of the Mogi-Coulomb criterion is realized based on the finite difference software FLAC3D. After verifying the theoretical calculation results and numerical simulation results through engineering examples, the relevant influencing factors are analyzed, and the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The influence of intermediate principal stress σ2 must be considered during the reconstruction and expansion of deep-buried tunnels. σ2 not only affects the development process of surrounding rock displacement u and plastic zone RⅡp/RⅡ and loose zone R′Ⅱ/RⅡ, but also affects the final results of u, RⅡp/RⅡ and R′Ⅱ/RⅡ; (2) When the tunnel is buried deeper and the cross-section of the expanded tunnel is larger, the final deformation u of the surrounding rock of the expanded tunnel is greater. When the cross-section of the expanded tunnel is larger, the influence of the tunnel burial depth on u is greater. Only the tunnel burial depth has a greater influence on the range R′Ⅱ/RⅡ of the loose area.(3) The influence of the size of the existing tunnel section and the strength of the existing supporting structure on the surrounding rock of the expanded tunnel is mainly concentrated on the advance deformation in front of the tunnel face. The smaller the existing tunnel section and the smaller the bearing capacity of the existing supporting structure, the greater the advance deformation. During the construction process, the influence of the advance deformation in front of the tunnel face should be given due attention.}
}