@article{Alshaman2026, 
author = {Wedad Khaled Alshaman and Kholood Mohammad Alsager},
title = {A q-rung orthopair spherical fuzzy rough graph approach for modeling uncertain agricultural networks},
year = {2026},
journal = {AIMS Mathematics},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {21607-21653},
keywords = {q-rung orthopair fuzzy set, spherical fuzzy set, rough set, fuzzy graph, decision-making},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3934/math.2026875},
doi = {10.3934/math.2026875},
abstract = {In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid structure termed the q-rung orthopair spherical fuzzy rough graphs (q-ROSFRG) by integrating q-rung orthopair spherical fuzzy sets, rough set theory, and graph theory within rough approximation spaces. The proposed model generalizes classical fuzzy graphs and spherical fuzzy graphs by incorporating q-rung orthopair spherical fuzzy information, which effectively captures positive, neutral, and non-membership degrees under the flexible constraint    [  ς      ]          q        +  [  ϱ      ]          q        +  [  ϰ      ]          q        ≤  1, where    q  ≥  1 is a tunable parameter. We study the basic features of our proposed structure, such as the idempotency of approximation operators, duality by the complement, and connectivity related-inclusions. Furthermore, a group decision-making framework based on the q-ROSFRG model is developed to address uncertain path selection problems in network-based environments. The proposed algorithm handles vagueness and uncertainty in network data through lower and upper approximations combined with a maximin path strength criterion, proceeding iteratively from the source to target nodes. The practicality and efficiency of the suggested method are verified via a real application on agricultural irrigation network selection. In contrast to the existing fuzzy rough models that are designed to pick the best option from a finite set, the q-ROSFRG model tackles a fundamentally different problem: Finding the best connected path in a network while preserving its topological nature.}
}